Analyses on variations in the unsaturated characteristics of a mine waste-dump slope during rainfall   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Young-Suk Song  Yong-Chan Cho  Seongwon Hong 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(14):1106

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Effect of barley straw biochar application on greenhouse gas emissions from upland soil for Chinese cabbage cultivation in short-term laboratory experiments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Se-Won Kang  Dong-Cheol Seo  Yong-Hwa Cheong  Ju-Wang Park  Jong-Hwan Park  Hang-Won Kang  Ki-Do Park  Yong Sik Ok  Ju-Sik Cho 《山地科学学报》2016,13(4):693-702

Chinese cabbage was cultivated in upland soil with the addition of biochar in order to investigate the potential for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Barley straw biochar (BSB) was introduced in a Wagner pot (1/5000a) in amounts of 0 (BSB0, control), 100 (BSB100), 300 (BSB300), and 500 (BSB500) kg 10a^-1. After the addition of BSB into the upland soil, carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission increased while methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions decreased. The highest CO₂ flux was measured for the BSB500 sample, (84.6 g m^-2) followed by BSB300, BSB100, and BSB0 in decreasing order. Relative to those of control, the total CH₄ flux and N₂O flux for the BSB500 treatment were lower by 31.6% and 26.1%, respectively. The global warming potential (GWP) of the treatment without biochar was 281.4 g CO₂ m^-2 and those for treatments with biochar were in the range from 194.1 to 224.9 g CO₂ m^-2. Therefore, introducing BSB into upland soil to cultivate Chinese cabbages can reduce the global warming potential.  相似文献   

A dynamic estimation of casualties from an earthquake based on a time-use survey: applying HAZUS-MH software to Ulsan,Korea     

Jong-Hwa Park  Myoungsu Shin  Gi-Hyoug Cho 《Natural Hazards》2016,81(1):289-306

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Phylogenetic relationship between symbionts of tubeworm <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lamellibrachia satsuma</Emphasis> and the sediment microbial community in Kagoshima Bay     

Ajit Kumar Patra  Hyun Hee Cho  Yong Min Kwon  Kae Kyoung Kwon  Takako Sato  Chiaki Kato  Sung Gyun Kang  Sang-Jin Kim 《Ocean Science Journal》2016,51(3):317-332

Vestimentiferan tubeworms acquire their symbionts through horizontal transmission from the surrounding environment. In the present study, we constructed a 16S rRNA gene clone library to investigate the phylogenetic relationship between diverse microbes in the sediment and symbiotic bacteria in the trophosome of the tubeworm, Lamellibrachia satsuma, from Kagoshima Bay, Japan. Two symbiotic bacterial phylotypes belonging to the classes γ- and ε-Proteobacteria were found from this tubeworm trophosome. They were very closely related to the symbionts of several other marine invertebrates. The most predominant bacteria in the sediment were ε-Proteobacteria. A broad diversity of bacteria belonged to non-proteobacterial phyla such as Planctomycetes, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi was observed. The presence of sulfur oxidizers (i.e., ε-Proteobacteria and γ-Proteobacteria) and sulfur reducers (i.e., δ-Proteobacteria) may play a significant role in the sulfur cycle in these habitats and provide multiple sources of nutrition to the cold-seep communities. Closely related clones of ε-Proteobacteria symbiont in the species level and of γ-Proteobacteria symbiont in the genus level were found in the surrounding sediment. The similarity of symbiont clones of L. satsuma with other symbionts and free-living bacteria suggests the possibility of opportunistic symbiosis in ε-Proteobacteria and the co-evolution of γ-Proteobacteria having occurred after symbiosis with the tubeworms.  相似文献   

Anthropogenic footprint of climate change in the June 2013 northern India flood     

Changrae Cho  Rong Li  S.-Y. Wang  Jin-Ho Yoon  Robert R. Gillies 《Climate Dynamics》2016,46(3-4):797-805

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Developing A National Groundwater-Monitoring Network In Korea   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

N.J. Kim  M.J. Cho  N.C. Woo 《Hydrogeology Journal》1995,3(4):89-94

Since the 1960's, the groundwater resources of Korea have been developed without a proper regulatory system for monitoring and preservation, resulting in significant source depletion, land subsidence, water contamination, and sea-water intrusion. With the activation of the "Groundwater Law" in June 1994, the government initiated a project to develop a groundwater-monitoring network to describe general groundwater quality, to define its long-term changes, and to identify major factors affecting changes in groundwater quality and yield. In selecting monitoring locations nationwide, criteria considered are 1) spatial distribution, 2) aquifer characteristics of hydrogeologic units, 3) local groundwater flow regime, 4) linkage with surface hydrology observations, 5) site accessibility, and 6) financial situations. A total of 310 sites in 78 small hydrologic basins were selected to compose the monitoring network. Installation of monitoring wells is scheduled to start in 1995 for 15 sites; the remainder are scheduled to be completed by 2001. At each site, a nest of monitoring wells was designed; shallow and deep groundwater will be monitored for water temperature, pH, EC, DO and TDS every month. Water-level fluctuations will also be measured by automatic recorders equipped with pressure transducers. As a next step, the government plans to develop a groundwater-database management system, which could be linked with surface hydrologic data. RÉSUMÉ: Depuis les années 60, les ressources en eaux souterraines de la Corée ont été mises en valeur sans dispositif réglementaire adapté de surveillance et de protection, ce qui a provoqué la diminution significative des apports, la subsidence des sols, la contamination de l'eau et l'intrusion d'eau marine. Avec la mise en vigueur de la "Loi sur les Eaux Souterraines", en juin 1994, le gouvernement a lancé un programme de réalisation d'un réseau de surveillance des eaux souterraines afin de décrire la qualité générale des eaux souterraines, de définir les variations à long terme et d'identifier les principaux facteurs responsables des variations de la qualité et du débit des eaux souterraines. Pour sélectionner les sites de contrôle à l'échelle du pays, les critères retenus sont les suivants: 1) la répartition spatiale, 2) les caractères aquifères des unités hydrologiques, 3) le régime local des écoulements souterrains, 4) le lien avec les observations faites en hydrologie de surface, 5) l'accessibilité des sites et 6) le réseau de surveillance. La mise en place de piézomètres de contrôle a été programmé pour le début de 1995, sur 15 sites; le reste est prévu d'ici à 2001. Sur chaque site, un groupe de piézomètres de contrôle a été prévu; la température, le pH, la conductivité électrique et la minéralisation des eaux souterraines superficielles et profondes seront mesurés chaque mois. Les variations du niveau piézométrique seront aussi mesurées au moyen de capteurs de pression reliés à des chaînes d'acquisition. Dans une étape ultérieure, le gouvernement prévoit de créer un système de gestion d'une banque de données sur les eaux souterraines, qui seront reliées aux données sur les eaux de surface. RESUMEN: Desde los años 60, los recursos de agua subterránea en Corea han sido desarrollados sin un sistema de regulación adecuado de control y conservación. Esto ha resultado en una disminución de los recursos, problemas de subsidencia, contaminación de aguas e intrusión marina. Con la activación de la "Ley de Aguas Subterráneas" en junio de 1994, el gobierno inició un proyecto para la instalación de una red de control de agua subterráneas con el objeto de establecer su calidad, definir sus variaciones a largo plazo e identificar los factores principales que afectan tanto su calidad como el suministro. Los criterios para seleccionar los puntos de control en todo el país fueron: 1) su distribución espacial, 2) las características de las unidades hidrogeológicas, 3) el régimen de flujo local, 4) su relación con el comportamiento observado de las aguas superficiales, 5) su accesibilidad, y 6) criterios económicos. Se seleccionaron un total de 310 lugares, situados en 78 pequeñas cuencas hidrológicas, para formar la red de control. La instalación de los pozos de control está previsto que empiece en 1995 para 15 puntos; el resto se deberá completar hacia el año 2001. En cada localización seleccionada se ha previsto un conjunto de pozos con el objetivo de tomar medidas, tanto en aguas subsuperficiales como profundas, de temperatura del agua, pH, CE, DO y TSD, mensualmente. Las oscilaciones de niveles del agua también se medirán, mediante registros automáticos conectados a transductores de presión. Como paso siguiente, el gobierno tiene previsto desarrollar un sistema de gestión de bases de datos hidrogeológicas, que pudiera conectarse con los datos de hidrología superficial.  相似文献   

A pseudo‐force iterative method with separate scale factors for dynamic analysis of structures with non‐proportional damping     

Feng‐Bao Lin  Yung‐Kuo Wang  Young S. Cho 《地震工程与结构动力学》2003,32(2):329-337

Dynamic equilibrium equations of structural systems with non‐proportional damping are coupled through the damping terms. Such coupling invalidates application of the classical modal superposition method. In this paper, a mode‐superposition pseudo‐force method is proposed. The coupled equilibrium equations are solved by an iterative process in which the coupling terms are treated as pseudo‐forces. A scale factor for each mode of the system is obtained by optimizing the iteration convergence. Through these uniquely solved scale factors, the modified modal equations not only converge much faster but also yield results with higher accuracy. A proof of the convergence of the iterative process is also presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Thrust geometries in unconsolidated Quaternary sediments and evolution of the Eupchon Fault, southeast Korea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Young-Seog  Kim  Joon Young  Park  Jeong Hwan  Kim  Hyeon Cho  Shin  David J.  Sanderson 《Island Arc》2004,13(3):403-415

Abstract The Korean peninsula is widely regarded as being located at the relatively stable eastern margin of the Asian continent. However, more than 10 Quaternary faults have recently been discovered in and reported from the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula. One of these, the Eupchon Fault, was discovered during the construction of a primary school, and it is located close to a nuclear power plant. To understand the nature and characteristics of the Quaternary Eupchon Fault, we carried out two trench surveys near the discovery site. The fault system includes one main reverse fault (N20°E/40°SE) with approximately 4 m displacement, and a series of branch faults, cutting unconsolidated Quaternary sediments. Structures in the fault system include synthetic and antithetic faults, hanging‐wall anticlines, drag folds, back thrusts, pop‐up structures, flat‐ramp geometries and duplexes, which are very similar to those seen in thrust systems in consolidated rocks. In the upper part of the fault system, several tip damage zones are observed, indicating that the fault system propagates upward and terminates in the upper part of the section. Pebbles along the main fault plane show a preferred orientation of long axes, indicating the fault trace. The unconformity surface between the Quaternary deposits and the underlying Tertiary andesites or Cretaceous sedimentary rocks is displaced by this fault with a reverse movement sense. The stratigraphic relationship shows normal slip sense at the lower part of the section, indicating that the fault had a normal slip movement and was reversely reactivated during the Quaternary. The inferred length of the Quaternary thrust fault, based on the relationship between fault length and displacement, is 200–2000 m. The current maximum horizontal compressive stress direction in this area is generally east‐northeast–west‐southwest, which would be expected to produce oblique slip on the Eupchon Fault, with reverse and right‐lateral strike‐slip components.  相似文献   

Semi‐active fuzzy control for seismic response reduction using magnetorheological dampers     

Kang‐Min Choi  Sang‐Won Cho  Hyung‐Jo Jung  In‐Won Lee 《地震工程与结构动力学》2004,33(6):723-736

A semi‐active fuzzy control strategy for seismic response reduction using a magnetorheological (MR) damper is presented. When a control method based on fuzzy set theory for a structure with a MR damper is used for vibration reduction of a structure, it has an inherent robustness, and easiness to treat the uncertainties of input data from the ground motion and structural vibration sensors, and the ability to handle the non‐linear behavior of the structure because there is no longer the need for an exact mathematical model of the structure. For a clipped‐optimal control algorithm, the command voltage of a MR damper is set at either zero or the maximum level. However, a semi‐active fuzzy control system has benefit to produce the required voltage to be input to the damper so that a desirable damper force can be produced and thus decrease the control force to reduce the structural response. Moreover, the proposed control strategy is fail‐safe in that the bounded‐input, bounded‐output stability of the controlled structure is guaranteed. The results of the numerical simulations show that the proposed semi‐active control system consisting of a fuzzy controller and a MR damper can be beneficial in reducing seismic responses of structures. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Development and modeling of a frictional wall damper and its applications in reinforced concrete frame structures     

Chang‐Geun Cho  Minho Kwon 《地震工程与结构动力学》2004,33(7):821-838

A wall‐type friction damper is newly proposed in this paper to improve the performance of reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures under earthquake loads. Traditionally, the damper was generally invented as a brace‐type member. However, it has been seen to cause problems in the RC frame structures in that concrete is apt to be damaged in the connection regions of the RC member and the brace‐type damper under earthquake loads. The proposed wall‐type damper has an advantage in the retrofit of RC structures. The system consists of a Teflon® slider and a RC wall. The damper is also designed to control normal pressures acting on a frictional slider. The numerical applications show that the proposed damper can be effective in mitigating the seismic responses of RC frame structures and reducing the damage to RC structural members. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献