Structure of the 5-minute solar oscillations 1976–1980     

A. Claverie  G. R. Isaak  C. P. McLeod  H. B. Van Der Raay  T. Roca Cortès 《Solar physics》1981,74(1):51-57

The discrete structure in the 5 min velocity oscillations of the solar surface has been confirmed by a re-analysis of data obtained between 1976 and 1979, and in addition a preliminary analysis of 1980 data show excellent consistency of the determined frequencies over the five year period. It is further shown that atmospheric transparency, as measured by the power in the solar intensity fluctuations, shows no correlation with the measured amplitude of the velocity fluctuations, over 2 orders of magnitude.Proceedings of the 14th ESLAB Symposium on Physics of Solar Variations, 16–19 September 1980, Scheveningen, The Netherlands.  相似文献   

Effects of 12 years' operation of a sewage treatment plant on trace metal occurrence within a Mediterranean commercial sponge (Spongia officinalis, Demospongiae)     

Perez T  Longet D  Schembri T  Rebouillon P  Vacelet J 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(3):301-309

The present field study uses Spongia officinalis for assessing trace metals occurrence in time and space within Mediterranean rocky communities. Nine sites were selected in the Marseille area for studying spatial trends in 12 metal concentrations. Long term changes in 8 metal concentrations were assessed at sites that had been sampled before and 12 years after the opening of a treatment plant. Spongia officinalis highly concentrated all the trace metal surveyed excepted Hg and Cd. The overall contamination level registered provided a classification of the study sites which is congruent with that given by other studies on pollutant accumulation in neighbouring sandy-bottoms or benthic assemblages. Among the metals studied, Fe, Pb, Cr are those that best highlighted a pollution gradient. In the present study, only Cd concentration did not vary in space. Except for Ni, all pollutant concentrations clearly decreased between 1984 and 1999. This very impressive decrease in heavy metal concentrations within the Marseille area represents an indisputable evidence of the improvement of the seawater quality resulting from 12 years' operation of the Marseille sewage plant. Moreover, the significant decrease also recorded in the reference population at Port-Cros might reflect an overall improvement in the seawater quality of the NW Mediterranean.  相似文献   

The age as a diagnostic of the dynamics of marine ecosystem models     

éric J.M.?DelhezEmail author  Geneviève?Lacroix  éric?Deleersnijder 《Ocean Dynamics》2004,54(2):221-231

The constituent-oriented age theory (CAT) worked out by Delhez et al. (1999) is a flexible tool that can be applied to diagnose complex models. It is shown here how this can be used to quantify the pace at which an ecosystem model works. At the cost of the introduction of one additional evolution equation for each compartment of the ecosystem model, the mean age of the biological material forming these compartments can be computed. The information obtained in this way complements the information provided by the concentration data; while the latter measures the standing stocks, the former provides an integrated assessment of the interaction rates and matter fluxes. The benefits of the method are demonstrated with a simple Lotka–Volterra system and a one-dimensional vertical model of the nitrogen cycle in the Ligurian Sea. The theory can be used to study the biological compartments individually or the ecosystem as a whole. In particular, the age is a valuable tool to quantify the overall cycling rate of nitrogen in the food web.Responsible Editor: Phil Dyke  相似文献   

Hydrothermal mixing,carbonate dissolution and sulfide precipitation in Mississippi Valley-type deposits   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mercè?CorbellaEmail author  Carlos?Ayora  Esteve?Cardellach 《Mineralium Deposita》2004,39(3):344-357

A large number of Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT) deposits are located within dissolution zones in carbonate host rocks. Some genetic models propose the existence of cavities generated by an earlier event such as a shallow karstification, that were subsequently filled with hydrothermal minerals. Alternative models propose carbonate dissolution caused by the simultaneous precipitation of sulfides. These models fail to explain either the deep geological setting of the cavities, or the observational features which suggest that the dissolution of carbonates and the precipitation of minerals filling the cavities are not strictly coeval. We present a genetic model inspired by the textural characteristics of MVT deposits that accounts for both the dissolution of carbonate and precipitation of sulfides and later carbonates in variable volumes. The model is based on the mixing of two hydrothermal fluids with a different chemistry. Depending on the proportion of the end members, the mixture dissolves and precipitates carbonates even though the two mixing solutions are both independently saturated in carbonates. We perform reactive transport simulations of mixing of a regional groundwater and brine ascending through a fracture, both saturated in calcite, but with different overall chemistries (Ca and carbonate concentrations, pH, etc). As a result of the intrinsic effects of chemical mixing, a carbonate dissolution zone, which is enhanced by acid brines, appears above the fracture, and another zone of calcite precipitation builds up between the cavity and the surrounding rock. Sulfide forms near the fracture and occupies a volume smaller than the cavity. A decline of the fluid flux in the fracture would cause the precipitation of calcite within the previously formed cavities. Therefore, dissolution of carbonate host rock, sulfide precipitation within the forming cavity, and later filling by carbonates may be part of the same overall process of mixing of fluids in the carbonate host rock.Editorial handling: C. Everett  相似文献   

Détermination indirecte des limites d'Atterberg par gravimétrie dynamique     

Chantal Proust  Agnès Jullien  Lydie Le Forestier 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2004,336(14):1233-1238

This study presents a new method for Atterberg limits measurements using dynamic drying. Indeed, for some polluted clays, or clay mixtures, classical methods cannot be used. The principle of liquid $(W_{\mathrm{L}})$ and plasticity $(W_{\mathrm{P}})$ limits determination by this method is presented. Experimental values for classical clays are close to those obtained with Casagrande's methods, allowing for larger physical mud characterisation. To cite this article: C. Proust et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).  相似文献   

Nouvelles données sur le téphra de Sarliève et le téphra CF7, marqueurs chrono-stratigraphiques de Grande Limagne (Massif central,France)     

Didier Miallier  Serge Sanzelle  Thierry Pilleyre  Gérard Vernet  Sarah Brugière  Tohru Danhara 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2004,336(1):1-8

A trachytic tephra, discovered in the ancient lake of Sarliève, ‘Grande Limagne’, has been dated using the thermoluminescence technique. The obtained age, 16±4 ka ($\text{2}\text{σ}$), is older than that of the trachytic volcanoes of the Cha??ne des Puys, the ashes of which have already been locally recognised in the region. Its analysis confirms its originality. In the course of the comparisons made to search for its spring, it appears that the wide-dispersion tephra CF7, beforehand correlated by hypothesis to the Puy de Clierzou, probably originates from the Kilian crater or the Puy de Vasset. To cite this article: D. Miallier et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).  相似文献   

ENSO anomalies over the Western United States: present and future patterns in regional climate simulations     

Yongxin Zhang  Yun Qian  Valérie Dulière  Eric P. Salathé Jr  L. Ruby Leung 《Climatic change》2012,110(1-2):315-346

Surface temperature, precipitation, specific humidity and wind anomalies associated with the warm and cold phases of ENSO simulated by WRF and HadRM are examined for the present and future decades. WRF is driven by ECHAM5 and CCSM3, respectively, and HadRM is driven by HadCM3. For the current decades, all simulations show some capability in resolving the observed warm-dry and cool-wet teleconnection patterns over the PNW and the Southwest U.S. for warm and cold ENSO. Differences in the regional simulations originate primarily from the respective driving fields. For the future decades, the warm-dry and cool-wet teleconnection patterns in association with ENSO are still represented in ECHAM5-WRF and HadRM. However, there are indications of changes in the ENSO teleconnection patterns for CCSM3-WRF in the future, with wet anomalies dominating in the PNW and the Southwest U.S. for both warm and cold ENSO, in contrast to the canonical patterns of precipitation anomalies. Interaction of anomalous wind flow with local terrain plays a critical role in the generation of anomalous precipitation over the western U.S. Anomalous dry conditions are always associated with anomalous airflow that runs parallel to local mountains and wet conditions with airflow that runs perpendicular to local mountains. Future changes in temperature and precipitation associated with the ENSO events in the regional simulations indicate varying responses depending on the variables examined as well as depending on the phase of ENSO.  相似文献   

Description of convective-scale numerical weather simulation use in a flight simulator within the Flysafe project     

S. Pradier-Vabre  C. Forster  W. W. M. Heesbeen  C. Pagé  S. Sénési  A. Tafferner  I. Bernard-Bouissières  O. Caumont  A. Drouin  V. Ducrocq  Y. Guillou  P. Josse 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2009,103(1-4):127-136

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Worst case scenario as stakeholder decision support: a 5- to 6-m sea level rise in the Rhone delta, France     

Marc Poumadère  Claire Mays  Gabriela Pfeifle  Athanasios T. Vafeidis 《Climatic change》2008,91(1-2):123-143

Risk policy and public attitudes appear disconnected from research predicting warmer climate partially due to human activity. To step out of this stalled situation, a worst case scenario of a 5- to 6-m sea level rise (SLR) induced by the collapse of the WAIS and occurring during the period 2030–2130 is constructed and applied to the Rhone delta. Physical and socio-economic scenarios developed with data from the Rhone delta context are developed and submitted to stakeholders for a day-long workshop. Group process analysis shows a high level of trust and cooperation mobilized to face the 5–6 m SLR issue, despite potentially diverging interests. Two sets of recommendations stem from the scenario workshop. A conservative “wait and see” option is decided when the risk of the WAIS collapse is announced in 2030. After WAIS collapse generates an effective 1 m SLR rise by 2050, decisions are taken for total retreat and rendering of the Rhone delta to its hydrological function. The transposition of these results into present-day policy decisions could be considered. The methodology developed here could be applied to other risk objects and situations, and serve for policy exercises and crisis prevention.  相似文献   

Post-starburst galaxies: more than just an interesting curiosity     

Vivienne Wild  C. Jakob Walcher  Peter H. Johansson  Laurence Tresse  Stéphane Charlot  Agnieszka Pollo  Olivier Le Fèvre  Loic de Ravel 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,395(1):144-159

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