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151.
Ni Xiang-bin Jiang Yao-tiao Chen Zai-zhang Fang Cheng 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》1985,9(4):273-277
We propose a new heating mechanism of faculae. We think that the formation of faculae is a result of the Joule dissipation of the Hall current generated by the interaction of the convection field of granules in an active region and the inter-granular magnetic field. For a region to generate effectively Hall current, its characteristic length must be such that the magnetic Reynolds number is less than 1. The equation of energy balance in the facula region is .For five observational models of faculae, we calculated the corresponding velocity fields, and the results are in basic agreement with the observed fields. The present mechanism explains the dependence of the facula brightness on the magnetic and velocity fields, the apparent distribution of the faculae on the solar disk and suggest a possible interpretation of the five structures of faculae. 相似文献
152.
The data such as the H-spectrum-spectroheliographic (SSHG) observations, the H-chromospheric observations, etc., of a flare loop prominence which occurred on the western solar limb on 1981 April 27 have been obtained at Yunnan Observatory. The distribution of the internal motions and the macroscopical motion of the flare loop prominence with time and space in the course of its eruption and ascension is derived from the comprehensive analysis of the data. The possible physical pictures and the instability of the motions of the loop are inferred and discussed. 相似文献
153.
Xie-Yan Song Hua-Wen Qi Paul T. Robinson Mei-Fu Zhou Zhi-Min Cao Lie-Meng Chen 《Lithos》2008,100(1-4):93-111
The Emeishan continental flood basalt (ECFB) sequence in Dongchuan, SW China comprises a basal tephrite unit overlain by an upper tholeiitic basalt unit. The upper basalts have high TiO2 contents (3.2–5.2 wt.%), relatively high rare-earth element (REE) concentrations (40 to 60 ppm La, 12.5 to 16.5 ppm Sm, and 3 to 4 ppm Yb), moderate Zr/Nb and Nb/La ratios (9.3–10.2 and 0.6–0.9, respectively) and relatively high Nd (t) values, ranging from − 0.94 to 2.3, and are comparable to the high-Ti ECFB elsewhere. The tephrites have relatively high P2O5 (1.3–2.0 wt.%), low REE concentrations (e.g., 17 to 23 ppm La, 4 to 5.3 ppm Sm, and 2 to 3 ppm Yb), high Nb/La (2.0–3.9) ratios, low Zr/Nb ratios (2.3–4.2), and extremely low Nd (t) values (mostly ranging from − 10.6 to − 11.1). The distinct compositional differences between the tephrites and the overlying tholeiitic basalts cannot be explained by either fractional crystallization or crustal contamination of a common parental magma. The tholeiitic basalts formed by partial melting of the Emeishan plume head at a depth where garnet was stable, perhaps > 80 km. We propose that the tephrites were derived from magmas formed when the base of the previously metasomatized, volatile-mineral bearing subcontinental lithospheric mantle was heated by the upwelling mantle plume. 相似文献
154.
前河金矿区位于华北地台南缘,赋存在中元古界熊耳群安山岩和英安岩中,矿体受断裂破碎带控制。含矿热液在迁移过程中与围岩发生了广泛的流体-岩石反应而引起热液蚀变。本区石英中有4种类型的流体包裹体,均一温度范围为145~331℃,其中含CO2包裹体的完全均一温度主要分布在中-高温区。成矿流体的密度和压力变化范围分别是0.68~0.94g/cm3和(367.01~896.55)×105Pa。金大量沉淀成矿时的流体特征为:温度213~260℃、密度0.80~0.89g/cm3和压力(502.86~710.57)×105Pa。流体相为SO42->Na >Cl->K 型,CO2/H2O比值及N2、H2S、Ar、C2H6等挥发分的含量明显增高,f(CO2)、f(H2S)、f(CH4)和Eh值增大;f(O2)、f(H2O)和pH值减小。在青磐岩化安山岩的基础上发生的流体-岩石反应是造成本矿床金沉淀成矿的最主要原因。 相似文献
155.
Zi-Fu Zhao Yong-Fei Zheng Chun-Sheng Wei Fu-Kun Chen Xiaoming Liu Fu-Yuan Wu 《Chemical Geology》2008,253(3-4):222-242
The crustal structure of the Dabie orogen was reconstructed by a combined study of U–Pb ages, Hf and O isotope compositions of zircons from granitic gneiss from North Dabie, the largest lithotectonic unit in the orogen. The results were deciphered from metamorphic history to protolith origin with respect to continental subduction and exhumation. Zircon U–Pb dating provides consistent ages of 751 ± 7 Ma for protolith crystallization, and two group ages of 213 ± 4 to 245 ± 17 Ma and 126 ± 4 to 131 ± 36 Ma for regional metamorphism. Majority of zircon Hf isotope analyses displays negative εHf(t) values of − 5.1 to − 2.9 with crust Hf model ages of 1.84 to 1.99 Ga, indicating protolith origin from reworking of middle Paleoproterozoic crust. The remaining analyses exhibit positive εHf(t) values of 5.3 to 14.5 with mantle Hf model ages of 0.74 to 1.11 Ga, suggesting prompt reworking of Late Mesoproterozoic to Early Neoproterozoic juvenile crust. Zircon O isotope analyses yield δ18O values of − 3.26 to 2.79‰, indicating differential involvement of meteoric water in protolith magma by remelting of hydrothermally altered low δ18O rocks. North Dabie shares the same age of Neoproterozoic low δ18O protolith with Central Dabie experiencing the Triassic UHP metamorphism, but it was significantly reworked at Early Cretaceous in association with contemporaneous magma emplacement. The Rodinia breakup at about 750 Ma would lead to not only the reworking of juvenile crust in an active rift zone for bimodal protolith of Central Dabie, but also reworking of ancient crust in an arc-continent collision zone for the North Dabie protolith. The spatial difference in the metamorphic age (Triassic vs. Cretaceous) between the northern and southern parts of North Dabie suggests intra-crustal detachment during the continental subduction. Furthermore, the Dabie orogen would have a three-layer structure prior to the Early Cretaceous magmatism: Central Dabie in the upper, North Dabie in the middle, and the source region of Cretaceous magmas in the lower. 相似文献
156.
A detailed characterization of the site is crucial to designing an efficient method of managing the risks associated with
tailings from abandoned mines. Therefore, samples collected from various depths within tailings in Guryong mine, Korea, were
analyzed for their chemical, physical and mineralogical characteristics. All samples of the Guryong tailings had acid-generating
potential. However, in the oxidation zone, the net acid generation (NAG) was low (30 kg H2SO4 t−1) although the acid neutralization potential (ANP) was less than zero. The ANP values in the unoxidation zone were higher
(> −56.0 kg CaCO3 t−1) than in the other zones. As a result, the amount of alkali ions that are needed to neutralize the acid needs to be considered.
In this experiment G3, G4 and G6 drill cores containing fine tailings particles near the unoxidation zone were observed to
contain calcite (CaCO3) with acid-neutralizing capacity. A low pH (2−4) in the oxidation zone of the tailings changed to a neutral pH in the unoxidation
zone of the tailings. These results suggest that the acid-neutralizing capacity of the tailings was controlled by particle
and mineral composition of tailings. 相似文献
157.
Xiaoan Zuo Halin Zhao Xueyong Zhao Yirui Guo Yulin Li Yayong Luo 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(5):1111-1120
A survey was conducted in an 11-year recovery mobile dune (RMD11) and a 20-year recovery mobile dune (RMD20), in Horqin Sandy
Land, Northern China, to determine plant distribution at the mobile dune scale and its relevance to soil properties and topographic
features. The results showed that (1) vegetation cover and species number increased from dune top to bottom in the restoration
process of mobile dune; (2) the average value of soil organic C, total N, pH, relative height of sampling site, very fine
sand content and soil water contents (40−60 and 60−80 cm) of RMD11 were less than that of RMD20, respectively, and there were
significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two dunes; (3) soil resources were redistributed by shrub restoration and relative height of sampling
site on dune. The distribution of sand pioneer plant, Agriophyllum squarrosum, was positively related to the relative height of sampling site and soil water content, while that of other herbaceous plants
was positively related to soil nutrients in the restoration process of mobile dune. These results suggest that at mobile dune
scale, plant distributions are determined by a combination of soil properties and topographic feature. Much effort should
be made to preserve the interdune lowland and to improve the level of soil nutrients on mobile dune. 相似文献
158.
Zhou Haiyan Zhou Xun Chai Rui Yu Lan Liu Chunhui Li Liangping 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(7):1483-1489
Thermal groundwater occurs in bedrock aquifers consisting of the dolomite of the Wumishan Group of the Jixianin System and
the Cambrian carbonate in the Xiaotangshan geothermal field near the northern margin of the North China Plain, China. The
hot water in the geothermal field of basin-type discharges partly in the form of the Xiaotangshan hot spring under natural
conditions. The hot water has TDS of less than 600 mg/L and is of Na·Ca-HCO3 type. The geothermal water receives recharge from precipitation in the mountain area with elevation of about 500 m above
sea level to the north of the spring. Thermal groundwater flows slowly south and southeast through a deep circulation with
a residence time of 224 years estimated with the Ra–Rn method. The Xiaotangshan hot spring dried up in the middle of the 1980s
owing to the increasing withdrawal of the hot water in the geothermal field in the past decades. The water level of the geothermal
system still falls continually at an annual average rate of about 2 m, although water temperature changes very little, indicating
that the recharge of such a geothermal system of basin-type is limited. Over-exploitation has a dramatic impact on the geothermal
system, and reduction in exploitation and reinjection are required for the sustainable usage of the hot water. 相似文献
159.
Response of groundwater chemistry to water deliveries in the lower reaches of Tarim River,Northwest China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yongjin Chen Kefa Zhou Yaning Chen Weihong Li Jiazhen Liu Tao Wang 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(6):1365-1373
In this paper, we analysed the monitored data from nine groundwater-monitoring transects in the lower reaches of Tarim River
during the five times of stream water deliveries to the river transect where the stream flow ceased. The results showed that
the groundwater depth in the lower reaches of Tarim River rose from −9.30 m before the conveyances to −8.17 and −6.50 m after
the first and second conveyances, −5.81 and −6.00 m after the third and fourth the conveyance, and −4.73 m after the fifth.
The horizontal extent of groundwater recharge was gradually enlarged along both sides of the channel of conveyance, i.e.,
from 250 m in width after the first conveyance to 1,050 m away from the channel after the fourth delivery. With the rising
groundwater level, the concentrations of major anions Cl−, SO42− and cations Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, as well as total dissolved solids (TDS) in groundwater underwent a significant change. The spatial variations in groundwater
chemistry indicated that the groundwater chemistry at the transect near Daxihaizi Reservoir changed earlier than that farther
from it. In the same transect, the chemical variations were earlier in the monitoring well close to watercourse than that
farther away from the stream. In general, the concentration of the major ions and TDS at each monitoring well increased remarkably
when the water delivery started, and decreased with the continued water delivery, and then increased once again at the end
of the study period. Hence, the whole study period may be divided into three stages: the initial stage, the intermediate stage
and the later stage. According to the three stages of groundwater chemistry reaction to water delivery and the relationships
between groundwater chemical properties and groundwater depths, we educe that under the situation of water delivery, the optimum
groundwater depth in the lower reaches of the Tarim River should be −5 m. 相似文献
160.
Distribution of Cd,Pb, Zn and Cu and their chemical speciations in soils from a peri-smelter area in northeast China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
An exploratory study on soil contamination of heavy metals was carried out surrounding Huludao zinc smelter in Liaoning province,
China. The distribution of total heavy metals and their chemical speciations were investigated. The correlations between heavy
metal speciations and soil pH values in corresponding sites were also analyzed. In general, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu and As presented
a significant contamination in the area near the smelter, comparied with Environmental Quality Standards for Soils in China.
The geoaccumulation index showed the degree of contamination: Cd > Zn > Pb > Cu > As. There was no obvious pollution of Cr
and Ni in the studied area. The speciation analysis showed that the dominant fraction of Cd and Zn was the acid soluble fraction,
and the second was the residual fraction. Pb was mostly associated with the residual fraction, which constituted more than
50% of total concentration in all samples. Cu in residual fraction accounted for a high percentage (40–80%) of total concentration,
and the proportion of Cu in the oxidizable fraction is higher than that of other metals. The distribution pattern of Pb and
Zn was obviously affected by soil pH. It seemed that Pb and Zn content in acid solution fraction increased with increasing
soil pH values, while Cd content in acid soluble fraction accounted for more proportion in neutral and alkaline groups than
acidic one. The fraction distribution patterns of Cu in three pH groups were very similar and independent of soil pH values.
And the residual fraction of Cu took a predominant part (50%) of the total content. 相似文献