Occurrence and evolution of the Xiaotangshan hot spring in Beijing, China |
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| Authors: | Zhou Haiyan Zhou Xun Chai Rui Yu Lan Liu Chunhui Li Liangping |
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| Institution: | (1) Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Road 29, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China |
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| Abstract: | Thermal groundwater occurs in bedrock aquifers consisting of the dolomite of the Wumishan Group of the Jixianin System and
the Cambrian carbonate in the Xiaotangshan geothermal field near the northern margin of the North China Plain, China. The
hot water in the geothermal field of basin-type discharges partly in the form of the Xiaotangshan hot spring under natural
conditions. The hot water has TDS of less than 600 mg/L and is of Na·Ca-HCO3 type. The geothermal water receives recharge from precipitation in the mountain area with elevation of about 500 m above
sea level to the north of the spring. Thermal groundwater flows slowly south and southeast through a deep circulation with
a residence time of 224 years estimated with the Ra–Rn method. The Xiaotangshan hot spring dried up in the middle of the 1980s
owing to the increasing withdrawal of the hot water in the geothermal field in the past decades. The water level of the geothermal
system still falls continually at an annual average rate of about 2 m, although water temperature changes very little, indicating
that the recharge of such a geothermal system of basin-type is limited. Over-exploitation has a dramatic impact on the geothermal
system, and reduction in exploitation and reinjection are required for the sustainable usage of the hot water. |
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| Keywords: | Hot spring Hydrochemistry Isotope Thermal groundwater Geothermal resources Beijing |
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