Runoff-generated debris flows: Observation of initiation conditions and erosion–deposition dynamics along the channel at Cancia (eastern Italian Alps)     

Alessandro Simoni  Martino Bernard  Matteo Berti  Mauro Boreggio  Stefano Lanzoni  Laura Maria Stancanelli  Carlo Gregoretti 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(14):3556-3571

In the Dolomitic region, abundant coarse hillslope sediment is commonly found at the toe of rocky cliffs. Ephemeral channels originate where lower permeability bedrock surfaces concentrate surface runoff. Debris flows initiate along such channels following intense rainfall and determine the progressive erosion and deepening of the channels. Sediment recharge mechanisms include rock fall, dry ravel processes and channel-bank failures. Here we document debris flow activity that took place in an active debris flow basin during the year 2015. The Cancia basin is located on the southwestern slope of Mount Antelao (3264 m a.s.l.) in the dolomitic region of the eastern Italian Alps. The 2.5 km² basin is incised in dolomitic limestone rocks. The data consist of repeated topographic surveys, distributed rainfall measurements, time-lapse (2 s) videos of two events and pore pressure measurements in the channel bed. During July and August 2015, two debris flow events occurred, following similarly intense rainstorms. We compared rainfall data to existing rainfall triggering thresholds and simulated the hydrological response of the headwater catchment with a distributed model in order to estimate the total and peak water discharge. Our data clearly illustrate how debris entrainment along the channel is the main contributor to the overall mobilized volume and that erosion is dominant when the channel slope exceeds 16°. Further downstream, sediment accumulation and depletion occurred alternately for the two successive events, indicating that sediment availability along the channel also influences the flow behaviour along the prevailing-transport reach. The comparison between monitoring data, topographical analysis and hydrological simulation allows the estimation of the average solid concentration of the two events and suggests that debris availability has a significant influence on the debris flow volume. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A prototype system for earthquake early-warning and alert management in southern Italy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. Iannaccone  A. Zollo  L. Elia  V. Convertito  C. Satriano  C. Martino  G. Festa  M. Lancieri  A. Bobbio  T. A. Stabile  M. Vassallo  A. Emolo 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2010,8(5):1105-1129

The Irpinia Seismic Network (ISNet) is deployed in Southern Apennines along the active fault system responsible for the 1980, November 23, M _s 6.9 Campania–Lucania earthquake. It is set up by 28 stations and covers an area of about 100 × 70 km². Each site is equipped with a 1-g full-scale accelerometer and a short-period velocimeter. Due to its design characteristics, i.e., the wide dynamic range and the high density of stations, the ISNet network is mainly devoted to estimating in real-time the earthquake location and magnitude from low- to high- magnitude events, and to providing ground-motion parameters values so to get some insights about the ground shaking expected. Moreover, the availability of high-quality of data allows studying the source processes related to the seismogenetic structures in the area. The network layout, the data communication system and protocols and the main instrumental features are described in the paper. The data analysis is managed by Earthworm software package that also provides the earthquake location while custom software has been developed for real-time computation of the source parameters and shaking maps. Technical details about these procedures are given in the article. The data collected at the ISNet stations are available upon request.  相似文献   

Quantifying the building stock from optical high-resolution satellite imagery for assessing disaster risk     

Daniele Ehrlich  Gunter Zeug  Javier Gallego  Andrea Gerhardinger  Ivano Caravaggi  Martino Pesaresi 《国际地球制图》2013,28(4):281-293

This study uses high-resolution (HR) satellite imagery to quantify the stock of buildings, referred herein as building stock. The risk assessment requires information on the natural hazards and on the element at risk, that is the building stock in this article. This study combines (1) texture-based image processing to map built-up areas, (2) statistical sampling that allows locating the building samples and (3) photo-interpretation to encoding building footprints. Statistical inference is then used to quantify the building stock per class of building size. Legaspi in the Philippines is used as a case study. The results show that texture-based computer algorithms provide accurate area estimations of the built-up, that the detail of HR imagery allows the mapping of single buildings using photo-interpretation, and that a systematic sampling approach that uses building encoding and built-up maps can be used to quantify the building stock.  相似文献   

Microseismicity within a karstified rock mass due to cracks and collapses as a tool for risk management     

L. Lenti  S. Martino  A. Paciello  A. Prestininzi  S. Rivellino 《Natural Hazards》2012,64(1):359-379

Seismometer arrays have been widely applied to record collapse by controlled explosion in mines and caves. However, most underground failures are natural events, and because they can occur abruptly, underground failures represent a serious geological hazard. An accelerometric array installed on 4 September 2008 has been used to manage the geological risk of the Peschiera Springs drainage plant of Rome??s aqueduct, which is located in the Central Apennines approximately 80?km from Rome, Italy. The plant occupies a karstified carbonatic slope that is extensively involved in gravitational deformations, which are responsible for underground failures such as cracks and collapses. To distinguish among different types of recorded events, an automated procedure was implemented based on the duration, peak of ground acceleration (PGA) and PGA variation in the recordings of the plant??s accelerometric stations. The frequencies of earthquakes and micro-earthquakes due to underground failures are, in general, well correlated. Nevertheless, many underground failure sequences can be directly associated with the continuous deformations that affect the slope. The cumulative Arias intensity trend derived for the underground failures combined with the failure and earthquake frequencies enabled the definition of a control index (CI) that identifies alarming or emergency conditions. The CI can be used as a tool for managing the geological risk associated with the deformational processes that affect the drainage plant.  相似文献   

A one-year (2005) comparison of seawater temperature series between in situ and modelling data: Application to the Strait of Bonifacio (South Corsica)     

Olivia Gerigny  Bernard Di Martino  Jean-Claude Romano  Caroline Ulses 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2011,343(4):278-283

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Stable Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Experiment in Spain (SABLES 98): A Report   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

J. Cuxart  C. Yagüe  G. Morales  E. Terradellas  J. Orbe  J. Calvo  A. Fernández  M. R. Soler  C. Infante  P. Buenestado  A. Espinalt  H. E. Joergensen  J. M. Rees  J. Vilá  J. M. Redondo  I. R. Cantalapiedra  L. Conangla 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2000,96(3):337-370

This paper describes the Stable AtmosphericBoundary Layer Experiment in Spain (SABLES 98),which took place over the northern Spanish plateaucomprising relatively flat grassland,in September 1998. The main objectives of the campaign were to study the properties of themid-latitude stable boundary layer (SBL).Instrumentation deployed on two meteorologicalmasts (of heights 10 m and 100 m)included five sonic anemometers, 15 thermocouples,five cup anemometers and three propeller anemometers,humidity sensors and radiometers.A Sensitron mini-sodar and a tetheredballoon were also operated continuously. Atriangular array of cup anemometers wasinstalled to allow the detection ofwave events. Two nocturnal periods analysedon 14–15 and 20–21 September are used toillustrate the wide-ranging characteristics of the SBL.  相似文献   

Potentially modified hydropower production under climate change in the Italian Alps     

Giovanni Martino Bombelli  Andrea Soncini  Alberto Bianchi  Daniele Bocchiola 《水文研究》2019,33(17):2355-2372

We present an assessment of the potential impacts of climate change on hydropower production within a paradigmatic, very highly exploited cryospheric area of upper Valtellina valley in the Italian Alps. Based on dependable and unique hydrological measures from our high‐altitude hydrometric network Idrostelvio during 2006–2015, we set up the Poly‐Hydro model to mimic the cryospheric processes driving hydrological flow formation in this high‐altitude area. We then set up an optimization tool, which we call Poly‐Power, to maximize the revenue of the plant manager under given hydrological regimes, namely, by proper operation of the hydroelectric production scheme (reservoirs, pipelines, and power plants) of the area. We then pursue hydrological projections until 2100, feeding Poly‐Hydro with the downscaled outputs of three general circulation models from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report, under the scenarios Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5. We assess hydrological flows in two reference decades, that is, at half century (2040–2049), and end of century (2090–2099). We then feed the so obtained hydrological scenarios as inputs to Poly‐Power, and we project future production of hydroelectric power, with and without reoperation of the system. The average annual stream flows for hydropower production decreases along the century under our scenarios (?21 to +7%, on average ? 5% at half century; ?17 to ?2%, average ? 8%, end of century), with ice cover melting unable to offset such decrease. Reduction in snowfall and increase in liquid rainfall are the main factors affecting the modified hydrological regime. Energy production (and revenues) at half century may increase under our scenarios (?9 to +15%, +3% on average). At the end of century in spite of a projected increase on average (?7 to +6%, +1% on average), under the warmest scenario RCP 8.5 decrease of energy production is consistently projected (?4% on average). Our results provide an array of potential scenarios of modified hydropower production under future climate change and may be used for brain storming of adaptation strategies.  相似文献   

Physical study of asteroids: Ligthcurves and rotational periods of six asteroids     

M. Di Martino 《Icarus》1984,60(3):541-546

V band photoelectric lightcurves and rotational periods are presented for six asteroids: 150 Nuwa, 203 Pompeja, 336 Lacaderia, 545 Messalina, 984 Gretia, and 1240 Fantasia. Except for 984 Gretia, none of these asteroids has been previously observed. The observations were obtained during September 1983 at the Astrophysical Observatory of Catania and are part of a program devoted to increase the present data set of asteroids' rotational properties. For 336 Lacaderia and 984 Gretia the magnitude-phase relations, in terms ofQ_v and β_v, were also obtained.  相似文献   

Green and sustainable remediation practices in Federal Agency cleanup programs     

Louis E. Martino  Carol L. Dona  Jerry Dicerbo  Amy Hawkins  Beth Moore  Robert Horner 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(21):1407

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Vulnerability assessment for preliminary flood risk mapping and management in coastal areas     

Greco  M.  Martino  G. 《Natural Hazards》2016,81(1):7-25

Despite continuing technological advancement in hazard and vulnerability assessment, risk modelling and hazard mitigation techniques, losses to disasters associated with natural hazards continue and in some cases are increasing across Europe and worldwide. This paper focuses on the need to bridge the gap between technical solutions and the sociopolitical contexts in which these are produced, to better understand and create more effective risk management regimes. We do so with application of the science–policy co-production frame to landslide risk management in Italy. The methodology deployed included a desk study informed by semi-structured interviews carried out with selected key stakeholders at national, regional and municipal level. We propose a normative and analytical framework for transferring co-production into natural hazard research by presenting a matrix identifying four contexts within which co-production may unfold. The matrix is based on two axes, which distinguish between innovation and its absence in science and policy domains. We examine several examples of co-production, such as the water–soil integrated approach to risk management or the implementation of hazard/risk assessment. The results highlight that the insulation of science from the institutional context within which knowledge is produced and used is a very problematic issue. This often hinders the implementation of desirable policies and undermines the effectiveness of interventions. Moreover, innovation in science and policy does not automatically result in successful solutions for landslide risk management. Finally, results confirm the utility of co-production but also highlight methodological challenges associated with the introduction of this new conceptual paradigm into the well-structured communities of scientists and policy-makers.  相似文献