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51.
Reconnaissance report on landslide disasters in northeast Japan following the M 9 T��hoku earthquake
Toyohiko Miyagi Daisuke Higaki Hiroshi Yagi Shoji Doshida Noriyuki Chiba Jun Umemura Go Satoh 《Landslides》2011,8(3):339-342
An earthquake of Mw 9.0 struck the Pacific coast in northeast Japan on March 11, 2011 and was followed by a hugely damaging tsunami along 500 km
of the Japanese coastline. An inland aftershock of M. 7.0 occurred on April 11; during which, surface fault ruptures appeared
on land. A large variety of landslide disasters resulted from these earthquakes in various parts of northeastern Honshu, Japan.
The full extent of the landslides is still being determined. This brief report introduces some of the landslide phenomena
so far investigated by the Japanese Landslide Society. These are (1) failure of a water reservoir embankment dam in Sukagawa,
Fukushima prefecture, (2) landslides and surface seismic fault rupture from the April 11 aftershock in Iwaki, Fukushima, (3)
a concentration of surface failures at Matsushima Bay in Miyagi prefecture, and (4) small landslides on modified slopes in
residential areas around Sendai city. 相似文献
52.
Hirofumi Hinata Satoshi Fujii Keita Furukawa Tomoya Kataoka Masafumi Miyata Takashi Kobayashi Masahiro Mizutani Takahiro Kokai Nobuyoshi Kanatsu 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
Signals from the tsunami waves induced by the March 11, 2011 moment magnitude (Mw) 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake and from subsequent resonances were detected as radial velocity variability by a high-frequency ocean surface radar (HF radar) installed on the eastern coast of the Kii Channel, at a range of about 1000 km from the epicenter along the eastern to southern coasts of Honshu Island. A time–distance diagram of band-passed (9–200 min) radial velocity along the beam reveals that the tsunami waves propagated from the continental shelf slope to the inner channel as progressive waves for the first three waves, and then natural oscillations were excited by the waves; and that the direction of the tsunami wave propagation and the axis of the natural oscillations differed from that of the radar beam. In addition, spectral analyses of the radial velocities and sea surface heights obtained in the channel and on the continental shelf slope suggest complex natural oscillation modes excited by the tsunami waves. 相似文献
53.
Masafumi Noguchi 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,328(2):353-358
It is shown that the giant low surface brightness galaxies (GLSBs), characterized by a large but diffuse disc component, can result from ordinary spiral galaxies through dynamical evolution. Numerical simulations indicate that the formation of a bar in a gravitationally unstable disc with high surface density induces non-circular motions and radial mixing of disc matter, leading to the flattening of the disc density profile. The resulting decrease in the disc central surface brightness is ∼1.5 magnitude, while the disc scalelength is nearly doubled, transforming a typical high surface brightness galaxy to a GSLB. This scenario seems promising especially for the GSLBs possessing a significant bulge, which are difficult to incorporate into the traditional Hubble sequence. Namely, because this disc transmutation can operate even if a moderate bulge component exists, the GSLBs with a bulge are argued to have resulted from the high surface brightness galaxies which had already possessed a bulge. The current picture naturally explains other observed characteristics of the GSLBs as well, including the propensity for having grand-design spiral arms and a bar, a high incidence of active nuclei, and galaxy environments. 相似文献
54.
55.
The Inference of Geo-Mechanical Properties of Soft Rocks and their Degradation from Needle Penetration Tests 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Needle penetration tests (NPTs) are used for inferring the uniaxial compressive strength of soft rocks, particularly in tunneling through squeezing rocks and foundations on weathered rocks in Japan. The device measures the applied load and the penetration depth of its needle. The ratio of applied load to penetration depth was originally called the needle penetration index (NPI). In this study, this device has been used to infer the geo-mechanical properties of soft rocks from Japan, Turkey, Indonesia, and Egypt. Various equations are presented to infer the geo-mechanical properties in terms of the NPI and compared with the experimental results. The possibility of evaluating the anisotropy of geo-mechanical properties is shown. Furthermore, the characterization of geo-mechanical properties of fault/fracture and slip (shear) surfaces is explained. Some additional equations are given to consider the degradation of geo-mechanical properties as a function of water content, weathering state, and number of cycles of freezing–thawing. Furthermore, the possibility of evaluating the time-dependency characteristics of soft rocks by needle penetration testing is discussed through experiments. It is shown that the effects of water content, weathering state, and number of cycles of freezing–thawing and time-dependency can be evaluated using the NPT technique. 相似文献
56.
Carolina Montero‐López Manfred R. Strecker Taylor F. Schildgen Fernando Hongn Silvina Guzmán Bodo Bookhagen Masafumi Sudo 《地学学报》2014,26(6):454-460
A valley‐filling ignimbrite re‐exposed through subsequent river incision at the southern margin of the Andean (Puna) plateau preserves pristine geological evidence of pre‐late Miocene palaeotopography in the north western Argentine Andes. Our new 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Las Papas Ignimbrites yields a plateau age of 9.24 ± 0.03 Ma, indicating valley‐relief and orographic‐barrier conditions comparable to the present‐day. A later infill of Plio–Pleistocene coarse conglomerates has been linked to wetter conditions, but resulted in no additional net incision of the Las Papas valley, considering that the base of the ignimbrite remains unexposed in the valley bottom. Our observations indicate that at least 550 m of local plateau margin relief (and likely >2 km) existed by 9 Ma at the southern Puna margin, which likely aided the efficiency of the orographic barrier to rainfall along the eastern and south eastern flanks of the Puna and causes aridity in the plateau interior. 相似文献
57.
Mimura H Sato R Furuyama Y Taniike A Yagi M Yoshida K Kitamura A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):877-882
The isolate, Pesudoalteromonas sp. TBT1, could grow to overcome the toxicity of tributyltin chloride (TBTCl) up to 30 microM in the absence of Cl(-) in the medium until the cells reached an exponential phase of growth. The viability, however, was reduced after the cells reached a stationary phase. The degradation products, such as dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT), were not detected in the growth medium, indicating that the isolate has no ability to degrade TBT into less toxic DBT and MBT. Up to about 10(7.5) TBT molecules were adsorbed by a single cell. The observation of morphological changes with an electron microscope showed that the cell surface became wrinkled after exposure to the lethal concentration of 10 mM TBTCl. These results indicate that the resistance of the isolate toward the toxicity of TBTCl is not related to the unique cell surface, which seems to play an important role in preventing the diffusion of TBTCl into the cytoplasm. 相似文献
58.
Haruo Mimura Ryusei Sato Yuichi Furuyama Akira Taniike Masahiro Yagi Kazutoshi Yoshida Akira Kitamura 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):877
The isolate, Pesudoalteromonas sp. TBT1, could grow to overcome the toxicity of tributyltin chloride (TBTCl) up to 30 μM in the absence of Cl− in the medium until the cells reached an exponential phase of growth. The viability, however, was reduced after the cells reached a stationary phase. The degradation products, such as dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT), were not detected in the growth medium, indicating that the isolate has no ability to degrade TBT into less toxic DBT and MBT. Up to about 107.5 TBT molecules were adsorbed by a single cell. The observation of morphological changes with an electron microscope showed that the cell surface became wrinkled after exposure to the lethal concentration of 10 mM TBTCl. These results indicate that the resistance of the isolate toward the toxicity of TBTCl is not related to the unique cell surface, which seems to play an important role in preventing the diffusion of TBTCl into the cytoplasm. 相似文献
59.
Atsuhiko Isobe Masafumi Kamachi Yukio Masumoto Hiroshi Uchida Tsurane Kuragano 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(2):321-328
The seasonal variation of the Kuroshio transport south of Japan has been investigated using the results of an assimilation
model. Annual and semiannual variations of the transport and dynamic depth anomaly are reconstructed by CEOF (complex orthogonal
empirical function) analysis. In the basin west of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the annual component of the variation propagates
westward with the phase speed of the long Rossby wave associated with the first baroclinic mode. The variation also shows
a similar tendency to that reproduced in a wind-driven, two-layer model with a ridge. This suggests that the annual variation
revealed in the assimilation model is associated with the baroclinic first mode of motion excited above the Izu-Ogasawara
Ridge. Furthermore, it is found that both the semiannual component and the annual component are important members determining
the seasonal variation of the Kuroshio transport south of Japan. The semiannual component is revealed as a double gyre pattern
in the basin west of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
60.
Toshiya?NakanoEmail author Ikuo?Kaneko Masahiro?Endoh Masafumi?Kamachi 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(4):681-697
We investigated the variation of the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) distribution in the western North Pacific, focusing on the intermediate salinity minimum (S < 34.2) core observed along the meridional hydrographic sections including the 137°E repeat section by the Japan Meteorological Agency. This core is a cross-section of a low salinity tongue extending westward along the recirculation in the subtropical gyre. The core size shows remarkable variabilities in interannual and decadal time scales. The salinity change in the density layer during the period of core expansion (shrinking) represents the spatial salinity change in the tongue toward the west (east). Thus, we conclude that the core size variation is associated with the zonal wobble of the tongue having thicker distribution to the east, rather than temporal changes of the water mass itself. The core size at 137°E is well correlated with the meridional gradient of the depth in the isopycnal surface at the salinity minimum representing the recirculation intensity, suggesting a relation with the intensity of the subtropical gyre. A significant lag-correlation between the gradient and the wind forcing over the North Pacific suggests that the first mode baroclinic Rossby waves excited in the central North Pacific propagated westward to change the intensity of the recirculation in interannual time scales. In decadal time scales, it is found that the wind stress curl and heat flux fields in the North Pacific precede the recirculation by about 11 years. 相似文献