Thermodynamic conditions of framework grain dissolution of clastic rocks and its application in Kela 2 gas field   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

LAI Xingyun  YU Bingsong  CHEN Junyuan  CHEN Xiaolin  LIU Jianqing  MEI Mingxiang  JING Weiguang & CHENG Suhua School of Earth Sciences  Mineral Resources  China University of Geosciences  Beijing  China  Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Tectonics  Deep-level Process  Exploration of Ministry of Education  Beijing  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(1):21-31

Feldspar and clastic debris are the most important constituent framework grains of sedimentary clastic rocks and their chemical dissolution plays an essential role in the formation and evolution of the secondary pore in the reservoir rocks. On the basis of thermodynamic phase equilibrium, this study investigates the chemical equilibrium relationships between fluid and various plagioclase and K-feldspar in diagenesis of the sediments, particularly, the impact of temperature and fluid compositions (pH, activity of K+, Na+, Ca2+ and so on) on precipitation and dissolution equilibria of feldspars. Feldspar is extremely easily dissolved in the acid pore water with a low salinity when temperature decreases. The dissolution of anorthite end-member of plagioclase is related to the Ca content of the mineral and the fluid, higher Ca either in the mineral or in the fluid, easier dissolution of the feldspar. Moreover, the dissolution of albite end-member of plagioclase is related to Na of both the mineral and fluid,  相似文献   

天津蓟县中元古界高于庄组中臼齿状构造的层序地层位置及其成因的初步研究   总被引：18，自引：11，他引：18  

梅冥相 《古地理学报》2005,7(4):437-447

天津蓟县剖面的中元古界高于庄组为一套厚度约为1 600m的碳酸盐岩地层，包括四个段：第一段以潮坪相叠层石白云岩为主；第二段主要为含锰白云岩；第三段发育较多的纹理化石灰岩和泥晶灰岩；第四段则以叠层石岩礁（叠层石生物丘和生物层）的发育为特点。根据岩相到岩相序列可在该套碳酸盐岩地层中识别出L-M型、潮下型、环潮坪型米级旋回层序。根据米级旋回层序的有序垂直叠加形式所反映出的沉积相序列可以把高于庄组划分为13个三级层序（SQ₁至SQ₁₃），并进一步归为4个二级层序。在以灰岩为主的高于庄组第三段中，其中的第三个三级层序（SQ₁₁）中部的灰岩层中发育臼齿状构造。这种臼齿状构造以特别的形态、富含有机质、易硅化等特点可能表明了前寒武纪碳酸盐岩沉积作用的一些基本特征：第一、在浅水环境中发育叠层石而在较深水环境（中缓坡）中发育臼齿状构造，臼齿状构造就象叠层石一样是一种极为特别的与生物沉积作用相关的沉积构造；第二、在发育叠层石的潮坪环境中有利于发生白云石化作用，发育臼齿状构造的地层则以灰岩为主，这从一个侧面反映了前寒武纪白云岩似乎又不是原生白云岩。实际上，这些特征本身即代表了一些前寒武纪沉积学问题，随着研究的深入对这些问题将会得出更加接近自然事实的答案。  相似文献   

Mineralogy and geochemistry of a Late Permian coal in the Dafang Coalfield, Guizhou, China: influence from siliceous and iron-rich calcic hydrothermal fluids   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16  

Shifeng Dai  Chen-Lin Chou  Mei Yue  Kunli Luo  Deyi Ren   《International Journal of Coal Geology》2005,61(3-4):241-258

This paper describes the influence of siliceous and iron-rich calcic low-temperature hydrothermal fluids (LTHF) on the mineralogy and geochemistry of the Late Permian No. 11 Coal (anthracitic, R_r=2.85%) in the Dafang Coalfield in northwestern Guizhou Province, China. The No. 11 Coal has high contents of vein ankerite (10.2 vol.%) and vein quartz (11.4 vol.%), with formation temperatures of 85 and 180 °C, respectively, indicating that vein ankerite and vein quartz were derived from low-temperature calcic and siliceous hydrothermal fluids in two epigenetic episodes. The vein quartz appears to have formed earlier than vein ankerite did, and at least three distinct stages of ankerite formation with different Ca/Sr and Fe/Mn ratios were observed.The two types of mineral veins are sources of different suites of major and trace metals. Scanning electron microscope and sequential extraction studies show that, in addition to Fe, Mg, and Ca, vein ankerite is the dominant source of Mn, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the coal, and the contents of these five elements are as high as 0.09% and 74.0, 33.6, 185, and 289 μg/g, respectively. In contrast, vein quartz is the main carrier mineral for platinum-group elements (PGEs) Pd, Pt, and Ir in the coal, and the contents of Pd, Pt, and Ir are 1.57, 0.15, and 0.007 μg/g, respectively. Sequential extraction showed a high PGE content in the silicate fraction, up to 10.4 μg/g Pd, 1.23 μg/g Pt, and 0.05 μg/g Ir, respectively. It is concluded that the formation of ankerite and quartz and the anomalous enrichment of trace elements in the No. 11 Coal in the Dafang Coalfield, Guizhou, result from the influx of calcic and siliceous low-temperature hydrothermal fluids.  相似文献   

不同石漠化程度岩溶峰丛洼地系统景观格局的比较   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16  

李阳兵  王世杰  容丽 《地理研究》2005,24(3):371-378

利用花江岩溶峡谷区南坡不同石漠化程度的5个独立的岩溶峰丛洼地系统景观要素的实测数据,分析了多样性、优势度、破碎度、分离度等景观格局指标的变化规律及其所指示的生态学意义。结果表明,这些指标在不同峰丛洼地系统都能较好地评价石漠化过程中景观格局的动态变化规律,对分析石漠化土地的发展趋势具有较好的指示意义。但多样性指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数也与各峰丛洼地系统的景观基质有关,在不同石漠化程度的峰丛洼地系统中,反映的景观生态意义是不一样的。景观格局分析不仅强调面积,而且还考虑所研究石漠化土地的空间分布特征(格局)、景观组成特点与石漠化过程的关系和对石漠化的影响,在石漠化程度判定和石漠化指标的研究中景观格局是一个不可忽视的问题。  相似文献   

午后多重极光弧观测研究          下载免费PDF全文

温艳波  杨惠根  韩德胜  T.Araki  艾勇  刘瑞源  刘勇华  胡泽骏  陈卓天  邓忠新  刘嵘  王晶 《极地研究》2005,17(4):255-263

本文利用2001-2003年南极中山站175天全天空摄像机观测,对午后多重极光弧的出现率及其与Kp指数的关系进行了统计分析,结果表明午后多重极光弧出现率呈一单峰分布,最大发生率出现在1445UT(1645MLT),其位置在1500MLT极光热点(1300-1700MLT)近夜侧的部分。与地磁活动指数Kp的相关统计分析表明,Kp值为2-3之间时多重极光弧有较大的出现率,这说明中等地磁活动情形下午后多重极光弧有较高的出现率。事件分析表明多重极光弧的强度变化与地磁Pc5脉动具有较高的相关性,并且有类似的频谱特征,这说明午后多重极光弧可能与同时出现的Pc5地磁脉动有关。  相似文献   

不同GPS掩星电离层剖面产品相关性分析     

周荣  侯威震  曾晨曦  张绍成  柴炳阳 《测绘通报》2019,(11):31-38,73

将在一定时空限定范围内的不同低轨卫星COSMIC、GRACE、CHAMP、FY3C的电离层掩星电子密度剖面定义为一个掩星对来对比分析不同类型掩星电离层产品。结果表明：COSMIC掩星对之间的电子密度剖面整体轮廓符合得很好，电子密度剖面主要在250 km以下和500 km以上存在较大的偏差，250~500 km的电子密度整体偏差较小，统计得到的COSMIC掩星对的电子密度参量NmF2和hmF2的相关系数能分别达到0.99和0.97，具有高度相关性，不同COSMIC卫星之间没有明显的系统误差；COSMIC、GRACE、CHAMP和FY3C不同低轨卫星间的电子密度剖面略有差异，通过统计电子密度参量NmF2和hmF2之间的相关系数，COSMIC和CHAMP的相关系数分别为0.95和0.86，COSMIC和GRACE的相关系数分别为0.98和0.94，COSMIC和FY3C的相关系数分别为0.96和0.92，不同掩星类型之间的电子密度参量之间也具有高度相关性，验证了不同卫星任务GPS掩星电离层剖面的一致性。  相似文献   

基于GridMet模型的浙江省温湿指数空间分布及地形影响分析     

施国萍  何永健  张眉  邱新法  曾燕 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(12):1923-1933

温湿指数是气候舒适度评价模型之一,通过温度与湿度的组合反映人体与周围环境的热量交换,本文利用2003-2018年浙江省及其周边71个气象站点月平均气温、地面水汽压数据,以及MODIS水汽产品,基于GridMet模型模拟了浙江省各月温湿指数空间分布（100 m×100 m）,分析了浙江省温湿指数随地形因子（海拔、坡度、坡向）变化的特征;讨论了各地形因子对温湿指数空间分布的影响程度。结果表明：① 海拔、坡度、坡向3个地形因子中,1月温湿指数随坡向的变化最大,7月最小;② 同坡向上,坡度变化对1月温湿指数影响较大,而海拔变化则是对7月影响最大;③ 南坡1月温湿指数随海拔和坡度增加均略为增加,南坡其他月份及北坡各月均为随海拔和坡度增加温湿指数减小;④ 北坡相对于南坡而言,海拔和坡度对温湿指数的影响更为明显。浙江大部分山区由于地形影响,夏季较为“舒适”,适宜建立避暑消夏的旅游项目。  相似文献   

2009—2012年泉州湾大型底栖生物多样性研究          下载免费PDF全文

蓝虹  黄央央  郑崇荣  苏荣 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(5):87-92

文章根据2009—2012年泉州湾4个航次的调查资料，对比分析了4年间大型底栖生物的种类数、生物量、栖息密度、生物多样性的变化趋势。结果表明：泉州湾大型底栖生物有103种，其中多毛类48种，软体动物25种，甲壳动物18种，棘皮动物6种和其他动物6种。多毛类、软体动物、甲壳动物占总种数的88.3%，三者构成大型底栖生物的主要类群。泉州湾大型底栖生物平均生物量为7.77 g/m2，平均栖息密度76个/m2；数量组成，生物量以甲壳动物居首位2.40 g/m2；栖息密度以多毛类占第一位38个/m2。泉州湾大型底栖生物种类数、生物量、栖息密度、生物多样性均为湾中部及湾外较好，湾顶较差；从2009—2012年际变化来看，生物种类数、平均生物量、平均栖息密度均为2009年最好，2012年相对较差，生物多样性年际变化不大，说明泉州湾的大型底栖生物环境受到了一定的影响。  相似文献   

BDS卫星失效对区域定位精度的影响评估     

徐炜  徐梅  严超  王涛 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(11):1133-1136

基于STK软件实现了2016-09 BDS系统星座结构的仿真，并选取可见卫星数、DOP值、系统可用性作为评估BDS卫星星座设计结构的指标，分析单颗与全部倾斜轨道卫星（IGSO）、地球静止轨道卫星（GEO）失效后对我国大陆地区BDS系统可用性的影响。结果表明，IGSO4卫星与GEO5卫星失效后对BDS在区域的定位性能影响较大，失效后的GDOP值分别为1.98、2.16。取BDS卫星正常运行时区域平均GDOP最大值(S=2.60)作为系统可用性阈值时，系统可用性分别降低了1.79%、32.63%；阈值取2S(5.20)、3S(7.80)、4S(10.40)、5S(13.00)时，系统可用性均可达100.00%。GEO整体失效后BDS系统在高精度定位中仍部分可用，而IGSO整体失效后BDS系统可用性受到大幅度限制。因此，增加在轨备份卫星时需重点考虑GEO5、IGSO4，并适当增加IGSO卫星的数目。  相似文献   

Experimental study on the hydrological performance of green roofs in the application of novel biochar     

Shan Huang  Ankit Garg  Guoxiong Mei  Disheng Huang  Rahul Balaji Chandra  Shaji Gayathri Sadasiv 《水文研究》2020,34(23):4512-4525

Biochar has the potential to be a soil amendment in green roofs owing to its water retention, nutrient supply, and carbon sequestration application. The combined effects of biochar and vegetated soil on hydraulic performance (e.g., saturated hydraulic conductivity, retention and detention, and runoff delay) are the crucial factor for the application of the novel biochar in green roofs. Recent studies investigated soil water potential (i.e., suction) either on vegetated soil or on biochar-amended soil but rarely focused on their integrated application. With the purpose of investigating the hydraulic performance of green roofs in the application of biochar, the combined effect of biochar and vegetated soil on hydrological processes was explored. Artificial rainfall experiments were conducted on the four types of experimental soil columns, including natural soil, biochar-amended soil, vegetated natural soil, and vegetated biochar-amended soil. The surface ponding, bottom drainage and the volumetric water content were measured during the rainfall test. Simulation method by using HYDRUS-1D was adopted for estimating hydraulic parameters and developing modelling analysis. The results indicated that the saturated hydraulic conductivity of vegetated soil columns were higher than bare soil columns. The addition of biochar decreased the saturated hydraulic conductivity, and the magnitude of decrease was much significant in the case of vegetated soil. The influence of vegetation on permeability is more prominent than biochar. The vegetated biochar-amended soil has the highest retention and detention capacity, and shows a preferable runoff delay effect under heavy rain among the four soil columns. The results from the present study help to understand the hydrological processes in the green roof in the application of biochar, and imply that biochar can be an alternative soil amendment to improve the hydraulic performance.  相似文献