The geology of the oslo region,and the adjacent sparagmite district     

Olaf Holtedahl  Jakob Schetelig  Halvor Rosendahl  Leif Størmer 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》1934,45(3):314-IN14

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Evaluation of soil top-cover systems to minimize infiltration into a sanitary landfill: A case study     

Olaf L. Weeks  Robert S. Mansell  Scott W. McCallister 《Environmental Geology》1992,20(2):139-151

The design of a top-cover system is a very important aspect of the closure of sanitary landfills. Soil material properties, sequencing, and vegetation are critical to top-cover design. To date, very few field investigations have been undertaken to determine the effectiveness of these designs. Results from a field investigation of top-covers proposed for an active landfill site in south Florida are reported here. Measurements were made of each component of the water balance equation: S = [P +I] – [ET +R +Q] whereS, P, I, ET, R, andQ represent water storage, rainfall, irrigation, evapotranspiration, surface runoff, and deep seepage, respectively. Deep seepage, determined using soil water tensiometers, is the amount of water infiltrating the landfill top-cover and is therefore the upper limit of potential leachate generation.Results indicate that the locally available rock tailings (carbonate silt) is an effective topliner component of the top-cover system. The results of the field investigation also showed that the EPA water balance model used to estimate infiltration during landfill design was greater than the actual field measurements.  相似文献   

A review of: “Quantitative hydrogeology—groundwater hydrology for engineers”     

Reimer Herrmann 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(4):351-352

Abstract

by Ghislain de Marsily, Academic Press, vii+440 pp. U.S. $29.95 (ISBN 0-12-208916-2) 1986.  相似文献   

Constraint handling for gradient-based optimization of compositional reservoir flow     

Drosos Kourounis  Olaf Schenk 《Computational Geosciences》2015,19(5):1109-1122

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Cave bear occupation in Schwabenreith Cave,Austria, during the early last glacial: constraints from 230Th/U‐dated speleothems     

Christoph Sptl  Denis Scholz  Gernot Rabeder  Paula J. Reimer 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(6):424-432

The cave bear was a prominent member of the Upper Pleistocene fauna in Eurasia. While breakthroughs were recently achieved with respect to its phylogeny using ancient DNA techniques, it is still challenging to date cave bear fossils beyond the radiocarbon age range. Without an accurate and precise chronological framework, however, key questions regarding the palaeoecology cannot be addressed, such as the extent to which large climate swings during the last glacial affected the habitat and possibly even conditioned the final extinction of this mammal. Key to constraining the age of cave bear fossils older than the lower limit of radiocarbon dating is to date interlayered speleothems using ²³⁰Th/U. Here we report new results from one such site in the Eastern European Alps (Schwabenreith Cave), which yielded the highest density of bones of cave bear (Ursus spelaeus eremus). Although dating of the flowstones overlying this fossiliferous succession was partly compromised by diagenetic alteration, the ²³⁰Th/U dates indicate that the bear hibernated in this cave after about 113 ka and before about 109 ka. This time interval coincides with the equivalent of Greenland Stadial 25, suggesting possible climate control on the cave bear's habitat and behaviour. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Quaternary Science Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd  相似文献   

Intelligent ship traffic monitoring for oil spill prevention: risk based decision support building on AIS     

Eide MS  Endresen O  Brett PO  Ervik JL  Røang K 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(2):145-148

The paper describes a model, which estimates the risk levels of individual crude oil tankers. The intended use of the model, which is ready for trial implementation at The Norwegian Coastal Administrations new Vard? VTS (Vessel Traffic Service) centre, is to facilitate the comparison of ships and to support a risk based decision on which ships to focus attention on. For a VTS operator, tasked with monitoring hundreds of ships, this is a valuable decision support tool. The model answers the question, "Which ships are likely to produce an oil spill accident, and how much is it likely to spill?".  相似文献   

Dioxins and PCBs in Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) from the North-East Atlantic     

Strid A  Jörundsdóttir H  Päpke O  Svavarsson J  Bergman A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(9):1514-1522

The Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) is a high-trophic fish species present in Arctic waters. The present study aimed to determine concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDDs/Fs), dioxin-like (DL) PCBs and six non-dioxin-like (NDL) PCBs in muscle and liver from 10 female Greenland sharks collected between 2001 and 2003 from Icelandic waters. The mean total concentrations of PCDDs/Fs were 13 and 530pg/g fat for muscle and liver, respectively, and show enrichment in the liver. Concentrations of DL-non-ortho PCBs were also higher in liver compared to muscle with mean concentrations of 7.8 and 0.36ng/g fat, respectively. No enrichment in the liver was found for DL-mono-ortho- and NDL-PCBs. No correlation was found between the size range studied and total concentrations of the compounds analyzed. Total WHO-TEQs (PCDDs/Fs and DL-PCBs) ranged between 7.1-70 and 54-1500pg/g fat in muscle and liver, respectively.  相似文献   

Prevention of oil spill from shipping by modelling of dynamic risk   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eide MS  Endresen O  Breivik O  Brude OW  Ellingsen IH  Røang K  Hauge J  Brett PO 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(10):1619-1633

This paper presents a new dynamic environmental risk model, with intended use within a new, dynamical approach for risk based ship traffic prioritisation. The philosophy behind this newly developed approach is that shipping risk can be reduced by directing efforts towards ships and areas that have been identified as high priority (high risk), prior to a potential accident. The risk model proposed in this paper separates itself from previous models by drawing on available information on dynamic factors and by focusing on the ship's surroundings. The model estimates the environmental risk of drift grounding accidents for oil tankers in real time and in forecast mode, combining the probability of grounding with oil spill impact on the coastline. Results show that the inherent dynamic risk introduced by an oil tanker sailing along the North Norwegian coast depends, not surprisingly, significantly upon wind and ocean currents, as well as tug position and cargo oil type. Results of this study indicate that the risk model is well suited for real time risk assessment, and effectively separates low risk and high risk situations. The model is well suited as a tool to prioritise oil tankers and coastal segments. This enables dynamic risk based positioning of tugs, using both real-time and projected risk, for effective support in case of a drifting ship situation.  相似文献   

Application of the geomechanical facies approach and comparison of exploration and evaluation methods used at Soultz-sous-Forêts (France) and Spa Urach (Germany) geothermal sites   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Helmut Tenzer  Chan-Hee Park  Olaf Kolditz  Christopher Ian McDermott 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(4):853-880

Earth-reservoirs are increasingly exploited today with the extraction of resources, such as heat and hydrocarbons, and the large-scale emplacement of waste, such as CO₂ sequestration. The characterization, site investigation, predictive modeling and long-term monitoring are dependent on the processes being investigated and modeled. In most cases complex coupled processes have to be addressed in a geologically complex rock mass system. In this paper we present a conceptual holistic framework known as geomechanical facies linking all the scales of investigation, characterization and reservoir development methods. We demonstrate this concept on the work undertaken during the design and development of the enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) systems at the forefront of European Hot-Dry-Rock (HDR) technology, Soultz-sous-Forêts (France) and Spa Urach (Germany). Soultz-sous-Forêts is situated within granitic rocks and an active tectonic graben system in the central part of the Rhine Graben. It presents conditions of lithology, temperature, stress, hydraulics and geochemistry that are very different from those at Spa Urach, located in a very dense gneiss formation in the South German crystalline complex. Spa Urach exhibits more elastic behavior and is set tectonically within an almost inactive strike-slip stress field described in more detail in Sects. “Drill core analysis” and “Hydraulic stimulation at Spa Urach”. This paper compares the exploration and field development methods used at these two sites against the back drop of the geomechanical facies concept. Issues addressed include the key parameters for flow and heat transport properties, coupled hydro-mechanical process identification, the success of the HDR reservoir as a heat exchanger and exploration techniques applicable to the different facies. Identification of the key geomechanical facies gives an indication as to which technologies will prove more efficient in the application of HDR technology. The results of this study will hopefully help in developing heat recovery schemes for the long-term economical operation of future HDR plants and EGS as well as assist in the understanding of engineered geosystems.  相似文献   

Morphological and spectral studies of the shell-type supernova remnants RX J1713.7–3946 and RX J0852.0–4622 with H.E.S.S.     

M. Lemoine-Goumard  F. Aharonian  D. Berge  B. Degrange  D. Hauser  N. Komin  O. Reimer  U. Schwanke 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,309(1-4):379-384

In 2004 and 2005, the shell-type supernova remnants RX J1713.7–3946 and RX J0852.0–4622 were observed and detected with the complete H.E.S.S. array, a system of four Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes located in Namibia and dedicated to the observations of γ-rays above 100 GeV. The energy spectra of these two sources have been measured over a wide energy range and revealed an integral flux above 1 TeV similar to that of the Crab Nebula. Their morphologies were resolved with high accuracy with H.E.S.S. and exhibit a striking correlation with the X-ray images, thereby pioneering a technique of unambiguously identifying spatially extended γ-ray sources. The results of the observations will be presented. Similarities and differences between these two sources will be pointed out as well as possible implications. M. Lemoine-Goumard, F. Aharonian, D. Berge, B. Degrange, D. Hauser, N. Komin, O. Reimer, U. Schwanke for the H.E.S.S. Collaboration  相似文献