Antiferromagnetic transition of fayalite under high pressure studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy     

Mitsuhiko Hayashi  Ichiro Tamura  Osamu Shimomura  Hiroshi Sawamoto  Haruki Kawamura 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1987,14(4):341-344

Néel temperature (Tm _N of α-Fe₂SiO₄ (fayalite) was measured as a function of pressure by means of Mössbauer spectroscopy in the pressure range 0–16 Gpa. High pressure was generated using a clamp-type miniature diamond anvil cell which was inserted into a cryostat. The Néel temperature increased linearly with increasing pressure at a rate of dT _N /dp=2.2±0.2 K/GPa. The result is discussed on the basis of the model proposed for the magnetic structure of fayalite by Santoro et al. (1966). The observed dT _N /dp suggests that the superexchange interactions vary as the ?10/3 power of the volume while the volume dependence of the direct exchange interactions is positive and small.  相似文献   

Microprobe mineralogy of plagioclase, clinopyroxene and amphibole as records of cooling rate in the Shirotori—Hiketa dike swarm, northeastern Shikoku, Japan     

Osamu Ujike 《Lithos》1982,15(4):281-287

A compositional gap between hypersolidus plagioclase and subsolidus plagioclase, most of which must have formed by devitrification, decreases in An % with decreasing cooling rate, probably reflecting a melt composition derived by in situ differentiation. Augitic pyroxenes, crystallized from a quickly cooling magma, tend to contain more Al, Ti, Na(+K) and Fe³⁺, and less Si and Mn. Compositional breaks between hypersolidus and subsolidus amphiboles with respect to the components of edenite and titanoamphibole, decrease in width with decreasing cooling rate. Subcalcic hornblende seems to grow from differentiated magmas in the course of moderate to rapid cooling.  相似文献   

Why is Shirase Glacier turning its flow direction eastward?     

Kazuki Nakamura  Koichiro Doi  Kazuo Shibuya 《Polar Science》2007,1(2-4):63-71

We applied an image correlation method to Japanese Earth Resources Satellite-1 (JERS-1) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data obtained from 1996 to 1998 to examine flow velocity within Shirase Glacier, Antarctica. From the grounding line to the downstream region of the glacier, the obtained ice-flow velocity was systematically higher on the western streamline than the eastern. The differences between the two streamlines were 0.31 km/a in 1996 and 0.37 km/a in 1998, significantly larger than the error estimate of 0.03 km/a. The direction of ice flow was about 312° at the grounding line and changed to 327° at 10 km, 346° at 20 km and 2° at 30 km downstream from the grounding line. The total accumulated deflection is 50° to the east. Under the assumption of the conservation of ice mass across the glacier, the observed eastward change in flow direction can be explained by an asymmetric deepening of bedrock topography, that is, across the 8 km width of the glacier, the eastern side is 50 m (10%) deeper than the western side. This eastward turning of flow direction appears to be accelerated by tributary inlets, that flow to the north and northeast at 60–75% of the velocity of inlets on the western streamline.  相似文献   

Overview of Holocene Tsunami Deposits along the Nankai,Suruga, and Sagami Troughs,Southwest Japan     

Junko Komatsubara  Osamu Fujiwara 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(2-3):493-507

Tsunami deposits provide a basis for reconstructing Holocene histories of great earthquakes and tsunamis on the Pacific Coast of southwest Japan. The deposits have been found in the past 15 years at lakes, lagoons, outcrops, and archaeological excavations. The inferred tsunami histories span 3000 years for the Nankai and Suruga Troughs and nearly 10,000 years for the Sagami Trough. The inferred histories contain recurrence intervals of variable length. The shortest of these —100–200 years for the Nankai Trough, 150–300 years for the Sagami Trough — resemble those known from written history of the past 1000–1500 years. Longer intervals inferred from the tsunami deposits probably reflect variability in rupture mode, incompleteness of geologic records, and insufficient research. The region's tsunami history could be clarified by improving the geologic distinction between tsunami and storm, dating the inferred tsunamis more accurately and precisely, and using the deposits to help quantify the source areas and sizes of the parent earthquakes.  相似文献   

日本南海海槽天然气水合物研究现状   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8  

宋海斌  松林修 《地球物理学进展》2001,16(2):88-98

本文介绍日本在其周围海域特别是南海海槽的海洋天然气水合物研究工作，首先介绍其研究简史，研究计划，研究队伍及早期研究成果，其次，介绍了西南海海槽天然气水合物的勘探、研究状况，然后,介绍了五年计划实施的东南海海槽地球物理勘探、钻探状况，最后指出，南海海槽的一些新资料深入的综合研究无疑会给世界水合物研究增添新的内容。  相似文献   

Oxygen and Carbon Isotope Study of Calcite and Dolomite in the Disseminated Au-Ag Telluride Bulawan Deposit, Negros Island, Philippines     

Victor B. MAGLAMBAYAN  Daizo ISHIYAMA  Toshio MIZUTA  Osamu MATSUBAYA  Yohei ISHIKAWA 《Resource Geology》2001,51(2):107-116

Abstract: The disseminated Au‐Ag telluride Bulawan deposit, Negros island, Philippines, is hosted by dacite porphyry breccia pipes which formed in a Middle Miocene dacite porphyry stock. Electrum and Au‐Ag tellurides occur mostly as grains intergrown with or filling voids between sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena and tennantite. Calcite, quartz and rare dolomite are the principal gangue minerals. Four types of alteration were recognized in the deposit, namely; propylitic, K‐feldspar‐sericitic, sericitic and carbonate alteration. Carbonate alteration is correlatable to the gold deposition stage and occurs mostly along fault zones. The δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C compositions of calcite and dolomite in propylite zone and ore‐stage dacite porphyry breccia were determined. The δ¹⁸O values of calcite in propylitized andesite range from +12.2 to +14.7%, and their δ¹³C values range from ‐6.1 to ‐1.0%. The δ¹⁸O values of calcite and dolomite in sericite‐ and carbonate‐altered, mineralized dacite porphyry breccia and dacite porphyry rocks range from +15.1 to +23.1%, and the δ¹³C values of calcite and dolomite range from ‐3.9 to +0.9%. The δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C values of the hydrothermal fluids were estimated from inferred temperatures of formation on the basis of fluid inclusion microthermometry. The δ¹⁸O values of hydrothermal fluid for the propylitic alteration were calculated to be +8.5 ‐ +9.5%, assuming 375°C. On the other hand, the δ¹⁸O values of ore solutions for base metal and Au mineralization were computed to be +13.6 ‐ +14.6%, assuming 270°C. The hydrothermal fluids that formed the Bulawan deposit are dilute and ¹⁸O‐enriched fluids which reacted with ¹⁸O‐ and ¹³C‐rich wallrocks such as limestone.  相似文献   

Year-to-Year and interdecadal variability in the activity of intraseasonal fluctuations in the Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation     

H. Nakamura 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1996,55(1-4):19-32

Summary Interannual variability in the activity of fluctuations with subseasonal time scales is investigated based upon observed data of the extratropical Northern Hemisphere circulation over the recent 38 winters. Their activity is represented in the root mean square (RMS) field of filtered geopotential height in which the fluctuations with time scales between 10 days and a season are retained. The singular value decomposition (SVD) was applied to the covariance matrix between the seasonal mean and RMS fields for the 500-hPa height.The leading SVD mode for the north Pacific represents the strong relationship between the polarity of the Pacific/North American (PNA) pattern in the seasonal-mean anomalies and the amplitude of a meridionally-oriented dipole-like oscillation within the season. It tends to be more active when the seasonal-mean jet stream is strongly diffluent over the central Pacific than when the jet is extended zonally across the Pacific. The leading SVD mode for the north Atlantic is indicative of stronger intraseasonal fluctuations near Greenland in the presence of anticyclonic seasonal-mean anomalies associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).The intraseasonal variability in the extratropics is strongly correlated with the underlying sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, and that in the north Pacific also exhibits significant but rather weak correlation with SST anomalies in the equatorial Pacific. The activity of the atmospheric intraseasonal fluctuations is found to be modulated in accordance with interdecadal variability in the seasonal-mean circulation and SST.On leave from Department of Earth & Planetary Physics, University of Tokyo.With 12 Figures  相似文献   

Synchronization of human walking observed during lateral vibration of a congested pedestrian bridge     

Yozo Fujino  Benito M. Pacheco  Shun-Ichi Nakamura  Pennung Warnitchai 《地震工程与结构动力学》1993,22(9):741-758

Observation of human-induced large-amplitude lateral vibration of an actual pedestrian bridge in an extremely congested condition is reported. Walking motions of pedestrians recorded by a video camera are analysed. It is found that walking among 20 per cent or more of the pedestrians on the bridge was synchronized to the girder lateral vibration. With this synchronization, the total lateral force from the pedestrians to the girder is evidently increased and it acts as a resonant force on the girder lateral vibration.  相似文献   

CQC modal combination rule for high-frequency modes     

Armen Der Kiureghian  Yutaka Nakamura 《地震工程与结构动力学》1993,22(11):943-956

The CQC rule for modal combination is extended to include the quasi-static contribution of truncated modes and the effects of input narrow-bandedness and cut-off frequency. A simple measure of the error in approximating a high-frequency modal response by its quasi-static contribution is derived. The extended rule is applicable to structures with high-frequency modes and to seismic inputs which may not be regarded as wide band. Numerical examples demonstrate the significance of input bandwidth and cut-off frequency on modal cross-correlation coefficients, and on the error resulting from truncation of high-freqeuncy modes.  相似文献   

Quantitative distribution of late Cenozoic volcanic materials in Japan     

Arata Sugimura  Tokihiko Matsuda  Kiyotaka Chinzei  Kazuaki Nakamura 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1963,26(1):125-140

The late Cenozoic orogeny in Japan is briefly reviewed. Amounts of volcanic materials in the three periods of the orogeny are estimated at: early Neogene 150 × 10³ km³ (mafic 40 %, salic 60 %), middle and late Neogene 20 × 10³ km³ (mafic 70 %, salic 30 %), Quaternary 5 × 10³ km³ (mafic 80 %, salic 20 %). The largest volume per unit time is in the early Neogene, and the smallest in the middle and late Neogene. Volume per unit area becomes larger towards the southeastern margin or «front» of the volcanic belt. Thermal energy transported by volcanic materials is compared with the terrestrial heat flow in the belt.  相似文献