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91.
Peder Norberg Carlton M. Baugh Ed Hawkins Steve Maddox John A. Peacock Shaun Cole Carlos S. Frenk Joss Bland-Hawthorn Terry Bridges Russell Cannon Matthew Colless Chris Collins Warrick Couch Gavin Dalton Roberto De Propris Simon P. Driver George Efstathiou Richard S. Ellis Karl Glazebrook Carole Jackson Ofer Lahav Ian Lewis Stuart Lumsden Darren Madgwick Bruce A. Peterson Will Sutherland Keith Taylor 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,328(1):64-70
We investigate the dependence of the strength of galaxy clustering on intrinsic luminosity using the Anglo-Australian two degree field galaxy redshift survey (2dFGRS). The 2dFGRS is over an order of magnitude larger than previous redshift surveys used to address this issue. We measure the projected two-point correlation function of galaxies in a series of volume-limited samples. The projected correlation function is free from any distortion of the clustering pattern induced by peculiar motions and is well described by a power law in pair separation over the range . The clustering of galaxies in real space is well-fitted by a correlation length and power-law slope . The clustering amplitude increases slowly with absolute magnitude for galaxies fainter than M *, but rises more strongly at higher luminosities. At low luminosities, our results agree with measurements from the Southern Sky Redshift Survey 2 by Benoist et al. However, we find a weaker dependence of clustering strength on luminosity at the highest luminosities. The correlation function amplitude increases by a factor of 4.0 between and −22.5, and the most luminous galaxies are 3.0 times more strongly clustered than L * galaxies. The power-law slope of the correlation function shows remarkably little variation for samples spanning a factor of 20 in luminosity. Our measurements are in very good agreement with the predictions of the hierarchical galaxy formation models of Benson et al. 相似文献
92.
Groundwaters feeding travertine‐depositing rivers of the northeastern segment of the Barkly karst (NW Queensland, Australia) are of comparable chemical composition, allowing a detailed investigation of how the rate of downstream chemical evolution varies from river to river. The discharge, pH, temperature, conductivity and major‐ion concentrations of five rivers were determined by standard field and laboratory techniques. The results show that each river experiences similar patterns of downstream chemical evolution, with CO2 outgassing driving the waters to high levels of calcite supersaturation, which in turn leads to widespread calcium carbonate deposition. However, the rate at which the waters evolve, measured as the loss of CaCO3 per kilometre, varies from river to river, and depends primarily upon discharge at the time of sampling and stream gradient. For example, Louie Creek (Q = 0·11 m3 s?1) and Carl Creek (Q = 0·50 m3 s?1) have identical stream gradients, but the loss of CaCO3 per kilometre for Louie Creek is twice that of Carl Creek. The Gregory River (Q = 3·07 m3 s?1), O'Shanassy River (Q = 0·57 m3 s?1) and Lawn Hill Creek (Q = 0·72 m3 s?1) have very similar gradients, but the rate of hydrochemical evolution of the Gregory River is significantly less than either of the other two systems. The results have major implications for travertine deposition: the stream reach required for waters to evolve to critical levels of calcite supersaturation will, all others things being equal, increase with increasing discharge, and the length of reach over which travertine is deposited will also increase with increasing discharge. This implies that fossil travertine deposits preserved well downstream of modern deposition limits are likely to have been formed under higher discharge regimes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
93.
Russell Cannon 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》1996,17(1-2):1-6
Recent technological advances have led to a dramatic improvement in the quality of photometric and spectroscopic data obtainable
on stars in globular clusters. Evidence from CCD-based colour magnitude diagrams points to clear differences in age between
some clusters. High dispersion spectra show that abundance variations cannot explain the observed differences. In particular,
it seems that NGC 288 must be 2–3 Gyr older than NGC 362. The same spectra show that although there is a spread in some molecular
band strengths in NGC 362, the total C+N+O abundance remains constant, indicating that the material has undergone varying
amounts of nuclear processing. No variations are seen in the abundances of iron group elements. Lower dispersion spectra for
a large sample of faint stars in 47 Tucanae, obtained with a multi-object optical fibre system, show that unevolved main sequence
stars in that cluster share the same CNO variations as the bright giants. The conclusion from all these data is that the intra-cluster
CNO variations are neither truly primordial nor due to evolutionary mixing. It may be that there was a sufficiently extended
period of star formation for material from first generation stars to be used in later generations, or that some pollution
has occurred due to mass loss. Finally, it is noted that if ‘prehistoric’ clusters exist with ages of around 50 Gyr, as hypothesised
in some cosmological models, these should probably still be rather obvious and readily recognised.
Paper presented at the 6th Asian-Pacific Regional Meeting on Astronomy of the International Astronomical Union, India, 1993. 相似文献
94.
Ian Lewis Michael Balogh Roberto De Propris Warrick Couch Richard Bower Alison Offer Joss Bland-Hawthorn Ivan K. Baldry Carlton Baugh Terry Bridges Russell Cannon Shaun Cole Matthew Colless Chris Collins Nicholas Cross Gavin Dalton Simon P. Driver George Efstathiou Richard S. Ellis Carlos S. Frenk Karl Glazebrook Edward Hawkins Carole Jackson Ofer Lahav Stuart Lumsden Steve Maddox Darren Madgwick Peder Norberg John A. Peacock Will Percival Bruce A. Peterson Will Sutherland Keith Taylor 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,334(3):673-683
95.
V. R. Eke Carlos S. Frenk Carlton M. Baugh Shaun Cole Peder Norberg John A. Peacock Ivan K. Baldry Joss Bland-Hawthorn Terry Bridges Russell Cannon Matthew Colless Chris Collins Warrick Couch Gavin Dalton Roberto de Propris Simon P. Driver George Efstathiou Richard S. Ellis Karl Glazebrook Carole A. Jackson Ofer Lahav Ian Lewis Stuart Lumsden Steve J. Maddox Darren Madgwick Bruce A. Peterson Will Sutherland Keith Taylor 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,355(3):769-784
96.
Heather Crow Daniel Paradis Elliot Grunewald Xiao Xia Liang Hazen A.J. Russell 《Ground water》2022,60(3):377-392
This study examined the application of slim-hole nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tools to estimate hydraulic conductivity (KNMR) in an unconsolidated aquifer that contains a range of grain sizes (silt to gravel) and high and variable magnetic susceptibilities (MS) (10−4 to 10−2 SI). A K calibration dataset was acquired at 1-m intervals in three fully screened wells, and compared to KNMR estimates using the Schlumberger-Doll research (SDR) equation with published empirical constants developed from previous studies in unconsolidated sediments. While KNMR using published constants was within an order of magnitude of K, the agreement, overprediction, or underprediction of KNMR varied with the MS distribution in each well. An examination of the effects of MS on NMR data and site-specific empirical constants indicated that the exponent on T2ML (n-value in the SDR equation, representing the diffusion regime) was found to have the greatest influence on KNMR estimation accuracy, while NMR porosity did not improve the prediction of K. KNMR was further improved by integrating an MS log into the NMR analyses. A first approach detrended T2ML for the effects of MS prior to calculating KNMR, and a second approach introduced an MS term into the SDR equation. Both were found to produce similar refinements of KNMR in intervals of elevated MS. This study found that low frequency NMR logging with short echo times shows promise for sites with moderate to elevated MS levels, and recommends a workflow that examines parameter relationships and integrates MS logs into the estimation of KNMR. 相似文献
97.
Fe and O isotope composition of meteorite fusion crusts: Possible natural analogues to chondrule formation? 下载免费PDF全文
Dominik C. Hezel Graeme M. Poole Jack Hoyes Barry J. Coles Catherine Unsworth Nina Albrecht Caroline Smith Mark Rehkämper Andreas Pack Matthew Genge Sara S. Russell 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2015,50(2):229-242
Meteorite fusion crust formation is a brief event in a high‐temperature (2000–12,000 K) and high‐pressure (2–5 MPa) regime. We studied fusion crusts and bulk samples of 10 ordinary chondrite falls and 10 ordinary chondrite finds. The fusion crusts show a typical layering and most contain vesicles. All fusion crusts are enriched in heavy Fe isotopes, with δ56Fe values up to +0.35‰ relative to the solar system mean. On average, the δ56Fe of fusion crusts from finds is +0.23‰, which is 0.08‰ higher than the average from falls (+0.15‰). Higher δ56Fe in fusion crusts of finds correlate with bulk chondrite enrichments in mobile elements such as Ba and Sr. The δ56Fe signature of meteorite fusion crusts was produced by two processes (1) evaporation during atmospheric entry and (2) terrestrial weathering. Fusion crusts have either the same or higher δ18O (0.9–1.5‰) than their host chondrites, and the same is true for Δ17O. The differences in bulk chondrite and fusion crust oxygen isotope composition are explained by exchange of oxygen between the molten surface of the meteorites with the atmosphere and weathering. Meteorite fusion crust formation is qualitatively similar to conditions of chondrule formation. Therefore, fusion crusts may, at least to some extent, serve as a natural analogue to chondrule formation processes. Meteorite fusion crust and chondrules exhibit a similar extent of Fe isotope fractionation, supporting the idea that the Fe isotope signature of chondrules was established in a high‐pressure environment that prevented large isotope fractionations. The exchange of O between a chondrule melt and an 16O‐poor nebula as the cause for the observed nonmass dependent O isotope compositions in chondrules is supported by the same process, although to a much lower extent, in meteorite fusion crusts. 相似文献
98.
99.
Sun-Kyoung Park Armistead G. Russell 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2013,49(3):361-374
The Four-Dimensional Data Assimilation was performed to evaluate source emission strengths over the United States. The USEPA Models-3 system (CMAQ/MM5/SMOKE) and ridge regression are used as the forward and inverse models, respectively. The continental US is divided into six regions, and data assimilation is performed for each region in July 2001 and January 2002. In addition, two separate scaling factors are calculated for weekdays and weekends. Results show that base emissions for CO and SO2 sources are relatively accurate. Base emissions for PEC source are overestimated 100%, but those for POA source are underestimated up to 70% when compared with the adjusted emissions. Emissions for NH3, NO x , and PMFINE sources are relatively accurate in July 2001, but those in January 2002 are around 100% higher than the adjusted emissions. Base VOC emissions in July 2001 are similar to the adjusted emissions but those in January 2002 are underestimated up to 70% when compared with the adjusted emissions. Though the emission adjustment itself improves the overall air quality model performance, a better improvement is expected with the modification of speciation profiles and temporal allocations in the Models-3 system, as well. 相似文献
100.
Ronan Higgins David Teyssier Colin Borys Jonathan Braine Claudia Comito Bertrand Delforge Frank Helmich Michael Olberg Volker Ossenkopf John Pearson Russell Shipman 《Experimental Astronomy》2014,37(2):433-452
The Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared (HIFI) on board the Herschel Space Observatory is composed of a set of fourteen double sideband mixers. We discuss the general problem of the sideband ratio (SBR) determination and the impact of an imbalanced sideband ratio on the line calibration in double sideband heterodyne receivers. The HIFI SBR is determined from a combination of data taken during pre-launch gas cell tests and in-flight. The results and some of the calibration artefacts discovered in the gas cell test data are presented here along with some examples of how these effects appear in science data taken in orbit. 相似文献