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51.
Acta Geochimica - To quantify water erosion rates and annual soil loss in mountainous areas, two different empirical models were used to estimate the effects of soil erosion in a small mountain... 相似文献
52.
Gazzola Laura Ferronato Massimiliano Frigo Matteo Janna Carlo Teatini Pietro Zoccarato Claudia Antonelli Massimo Corradi Anna Dacome Maria Carolina Mantica Stefano 《Computational Geosciences》2021,25(5):1731-1750
Computational Geosciences - Anthropogenic land subsidence can be evaluated and predicted by numerical models, which are often built over deterministic analyses. However, uncertainties and... 相似文献
53.
54.
The growing concern for health‐related problems deriving from pollutants leaching is driving national and international administrations to support the development of tools for evaluating the effects of alternate management scenarios and identifying vulnerable areas. Cropping systems models are powerful tools for evaluating leachates under different environmental, social, and management conditions. As percolating water is the transport vehicle for pollutants transport in soil, a reliable evaluation of water balance models is a fundamental prerequisite for investigating pesticides and nitrate fate. As specific approaches for the evaluation of multi‐layer evolution of state variables are missing, we propose a fuzzy‐based, integrated indicator (ISWC: 0, best; 1, worst) for a comprehensive evaluation of soil water content (SWC) simulations. We aggregated error metrics with others quantifying the homogeneity of errors across different soil layers, the capability of models to reproduce complex dynamics function of both time and soil depth, and model complexity. We tested ISWC on a sample dataset where the models CropSyst and CERES‐Wheat were used to simulate SWC for winter wheat systems. ISWC revealed that, in the explored conditions, the global assessment of the two models' performances allowed identification of CropSyst as the best (average ISWC = 0·441, with a value of 0·537 obtained by CERES‐Wheat), although each model prevailed for some of the metrics. CropSyst presented the highest accuracy (average agreement module = 0·400), whereas CERES‐Wheat's accuracy was slightly worse, although achieved with a simplified modelling approach (average Akaike Information Criterion = − 230·44), thereby favouring large‐area applicability. The non‐univocal scores achieved by the models for the different metrics support the use of multi‐metric evaluation approaches for quantifying the different aspects of water balance model performances. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
55.
平均经圈环流在大气角动量和感热收支中的作用 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9
本文研究相对座标系中近地表角动量的制造和自由大气中角动量的辐散之间的平衡机制,并与绝对参考系中的机制进行比较。 对1982年元月全球角动量和感热的收支分析证明,被激发的平均经圈环流具有下述特征:其下部水平支施加于大气的惯性矩与近地表角动量的制造相平衡,上部水平支反号的惯性矩与涡动角动量通量的辐合(散)相平衡;而其垂直支的绝热加热效应则平衡着自由大气中热通量的辐散和/或大气的非绝热加热。因而,无论动力上还是热力上,平均经圈环流在大气总环流中都起着重要的作用。 相似文献
56.
57.
E. Del Pezzo S. De Martino F. De Miguel J. Ibanez A. Sorgente 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1991,135(1):91-106
The seismic energy attenuation in the frequency range of 1–18 Hz was studied in the two tectonically active zones of Irno Valley (Southern Italy) and Granada Basin (South-East Spain). Data were recorded by short period vertical components seismographs for low-magnitude local earthquakes. The method of coda waves, assuming singleS toS scattering approximation, was used to calculate the quality factorQ from the two data set. Results show a quality factor increasing with frequency, following the empirical lawQ=Q
o
f
n
.Q
o
andn are lower for the Irno Valley than for Granada. This result is interpreted in terms of different scattering environments present in the two investigated areas. 相似文献
58.
The method of coda waves was applied to two different sets of data for the evaluation of the relative site response.The first set of data consists of low magnitude earthquakes with closely spaced locations, recorded at a small aperture array of velocimeters located in the Abruzzo region, central Italy. The second set of data is composed of events with epicentral distance ranging from 20 to 300 km, recorded at a seismological network with an aperture of about 100 km located in the Puglia region, southern Italy.Results show that the coda wave method furnishes stable estimates of the site effect. An amplification, relative to an arbitrary site, of a factor of about 2 occurs in the 1.7–6 Hz frequency band for two stations of the Abruzzo network, while an amplification factor of about 0.5 occurs in the whole frequency band (1–24 Hz) for one of the stations of the Puglia network. This station is located in an area which is correlated with a low macroseismic intensity anomaly. 相似文献
59.
Petrogenesis of calc-alkaline,shoshonitic and associated ultrapotassic Oligocene volcanic rocks from the Northwestern Alps,Italy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
G. Venturelli R. S. Thorpe G. V. Dal Piaz A. Del Moro P. J. Potts 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1984,86(3):209-220
Along the Western Alps there is geological evidence of late-Alpine (Oligocene) magmatic activity which clearly postdates the
Lepontine (Eocene-early Oligocene) metamorphism and related deformation of the Alpine nappe pile. This magmatic activity was
notably delayed in relation to the most important convergent processes and may be related to buoyancy of lithosphere, tensional
tectonics and thermal updoming subsequent to the collision between the Eurasian and African plates. The geochemical features
of the rocks and the geophysical characteristics of the Alpine chain, suggest that: (a) shoshonitic and calcalkaline melts
may have been generated by partial melting of metasomatized peridotitic material and subsequent fractional crystallization
and crustal contamination; silicic andesites and latites, however, could have been also derived from metasomatized eclogite
or deep continental crust material; (b) the ultrapotassic lamprophyres with high K, P, LREE, Th, Zr, U and high 87Sr/86Sr ratios were generated by partial melting of strongly metasomatized mantle; the varied Sr-isotopic ratios may partially
also reflect additional radiogenic component from the continental crust following magma segregation from the source. 相似文献
60.
G. De Natale A. Zollo C. Del Gaudio G. P. Ricciardi M. Martini 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1984,47(2):209-218
The location reliability of the earthquakes occurred at Phlegraean Fields has been analyzed, and the theoretical errors, inferred from the diagonal elements of the covariance matrix, have been estimated. Using only first P-phase arrivals to the local network (22 stations) and assuming a reading error of 0.05 sec., the average error on the spatial coordinates is estimated to be of the order of 0.2 km.Shallow events (depth<1 km) are very poorly constrained in depth at the borders of the network. The use of both P and S arrival times, recorded by a smaller three component network (10 stations), improves the depth determination.Further analysis has been performed on a set of about 350 selected earthquakes, using two different velocity models.Differences in depth considerably greater than the theoretical errors, and showing highly different patterns have been found.Tests with artificial events, randomly distributed in space, indicate that the observed depth distribution is essentially due to the used velocity model. 相似文献