Building extraction from LIDAR based semantic analysis     

Yu Jie  Yang Haiquan  Tan Ming  Zhang Guoning 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(4):281-284

Extraction of buildings from LIDAR data has been an active research field in recent years. A scheme for building detection and reconstruction from LIDAR data is presented with an object-oriented method which is based on the buildings' semantic rules. Two key steps are discussed: how to group the discrete LIDAR points into single objects and how to establish the buildings' semantic rules. In the end, the buildings are reconstructed in 3D form and three common parametric building models (flat, gabled, hipped) are implemented.  相似文献   

Detection and correction of inconsistencies between river networks and contour data by spatial constraint knowledge     

Tinghua Ai  Xiang Zhang  Jing Tian 《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(1):79-93

In the representation of topographic data, the distribution of hydrographic networks should be constrained by the contour model’s landform features. During the integration of topographic databases, however, spatial conflicts may destroy these constraints, generating inconsistencies. This study presents a method to detect and correct inconsistencies between river networks and contour data by spatial knowledge. First, structured terrain features are extracted from the contour-based geometric representation and matching relationships between rivers and contours are constructed based on spatial knowledge of the distribution of rivers and talwegs. We then propose a distance metric for measuring differences and identifying inconsistencies between the matched river and contour features. Three correction approaches are provided for different inconsistency situations, including river adjustment referenced to the contour, contour adjustment referenced to the river and adjustment of both river and contour to middle positions. We apply the proposed method to the integration and maintenance of national topographic infrastructure in order to demonstrate its effectiveness.  相似文献   

Observational Subseasonal Variability of the PM_2.5 Concentration in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area during the January 2021 Sudden Stratospheric Warming     

Qian LU  Jian RAO  Chunhua SHI  Dong GUO  Ji WANG  Zhuoqi LIANG  Tian WANG 《大气科学进展》2022,39(10):1623-1636

It is still not well understood if subseasonal variability of the local PM_2.5 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region is affected by the stratospheric state. Using PM_2.5 observations and the ERA5 reanalysis, the evolution of the air quality in BTH during the January 2021 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is explored. The subseasonal variability of the PM_2.5 concentration after the SSW onset is evidently enhanced. Stratospheric circumpolar easterly anomalies lasted for 53 days during the January–February 2021 SSW with two evident stratospheric pulses arriving at the ground. During the tropospheric wave weakening period and the intermittent period of dormant stratospheric pulses, the East Asian winter monsoon weakened, anomalous temperature inversion developed in the lower troposphere, anomalous surface southerlies prevailed, atmospheric moisture increased, and the boundary layer top height lowered, all of which favor the accumulation of pollutant particulates, leading to two periods of pollution processes in the BTH region. In the phase of strengthened East Asian winter monsoon around the very beginning of the SSW and another two periods when stratospheric pulses had reached the near surface, opposite-signed circulation patterns and meteorological conditions were observed, which helped to dilute and diffuse air pollutants in the BTH region. As a result, the air quality was excellent during the two periods when the stratospheric pulse had reached the near surface. The increased subseasonal variation of the regional pollutant particulates after the SSW onset highlights the important role of the stratosphere in the regional environment and provides implications for the environmental prediction.  相似文献   

基于Parsivel降水现象仪资料的郑州"7·20"罕见特大暴雨微物理特征分析     

周丹  周淑玲  田金华  邵振平  王俊 《气象与环境科学》2022,45(2):93-101

  相似文献   

A PRIMARY RECOGNITION ON THE CLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE OF ICE CORE ISOTOPE RECORD IN NAIMONA'NYI OF WEST TIBETAN PLATEAU     

Tian Lide  Yao Tandong  Wen Rong  Weng Yongbiao  Zhao Zhongping  Qu Dongmei 《第四纪研究》2012,32(1)

纳木那尼冰川是喜马拉雅山西部地区规模较大的冰川之一,也是开展冰芯气候意义研究有重要潜在价值的冰川.但由于纳木那尼冰川位于西风环流和印度季风影响范围的交界带,不同的环流系统所输送的水汽带来不同的降水稳定同位素信号.因此确定纳木那尼冰芯同位素记录的气候意义是开展该地区冰芯气候记录研究的前提条件.2008年在该冰川积累区所钻取的8.78m浅冰芯为这一研究工作提供了可能.本文对该冰芯的稳定同位素记录以及普兰气象站的气象数据进行了分析与讨论.研究结果表明,同位素的年际变化与当地普兰县气象站气温的年际变化具有较好的对应关系.这可能与当地降水受到夏季季风的影响较小有关.测量结果表明早期的深冰芯钻取点位于冰川的消融区,而冰川的积累区仍位于冰川更高的区域,而且积累区冰川厚度更大,更有可能保存更长时间尺度的冰芯记录.这也为以后开展新的纳木那尼深孔冰芯及气候意义研究提供了借鉴.  相似文献   

河南西峡县金家庄银多金属矿床及岩浆岩地球化学特征     

程文厚  路坦  毕亚鹏  张文博 《矿产与地质》2012,26(5):430-435

金家庄银多金属矿床是东秦岭造山带多金属矿床的重要组成部分.主要蚀变岩性为褐铁矿化大理岩,岩石类型主要为二长花岗岩、花岗岩;文章分析了岩浆岩的地球化学特征,探讨了岩浆岩与矿化的关系,认为金家庄矿床为构造蚀变型矿床,岩浆岩为该矿床成矿提供热能及物质基础,且Cu、Pb、Zn、W、Sn、Au、Ag等具有良好的伴生关系,对于寻找多金属矿床十分有利.  相似文献   

珠江三角洲农业土壤磁化率空间分布特征及其影响因素分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

欧阳婷萍  万洪富  张金兰  黄宁生  朱照宇  田成静 《第四纪研究》2012,32(6)

在珠江三角洲范围内选取300件农业土壤样品进行磁化率及频率磁化率分析.结果表明,300件土壤样品的磁化率在1.29×10-8～185.89×10-8m3/kg范围内变动,平均值为31.20×10-8m3/kg.珠江三角洲农业土壤磁化率具有明显的空间分异特征,呈南高北低、中心区高东西两翼低的空间分布格局;全区具4个明显的磁化率高值区,分布在:珠海、深圳、惠阳及顺德.因子分析结果表明灌溉方式、土地利用类型和母岩与母质、土壤类型对农业土壤磁化率高低起主要作用.同时,重金属污染对农业土壤的磁性具有明显的增强作用.  相似文献   

土壤水分对土壤参数的敏感性及其参数优化方法研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张添  黄春林  沈焕锋 《地球科学进展》2012,27(6):678-685

利用2008年1月1日至2009年9月31日黑河流域阿柔冻融观测站的气象和土壤水分数据,采用基于方差的多参数敏感性分析方法研究通用陆面模型(Common Land Model,CoLM)模拟的土壤水分对土壤质地(砂土和黏土)的敏感性,进而采用SCE-UA参数优化算法分别优化土壤质地和土壤水力参数,分析不同优化策略对土壤水分模拟结果的影响。研究结果表明,浅层土壤水分对土壤质地较为敏感,敏感性系数达到了0.45以上,并且砂土含量对土壤水分的影响更为显著;利用SCE-UA算法优化土壤质地或土壤水力参数都可以有效地提高土壤水分的模拟精度,优化土壤水力参数易产生"异参同效"现象,而优化土壤质地能够使土壤水力参数的取值范围更加合理。  相似文献   

注聚调驱井聚合物堵塞物的矿物复合结构形貌及组成特征          下载免费PDF全文

周风山  崔付义  方颖  李继勇  田玉芹  苏犁 《地学前缘》2012,19(2):151-156

胜利油田渤19区块注交联聚合物开采多年后,因注入水的水质不达标导致聚合物过度交联形成强凝胶,造成聚合物注入区块许多油水井的堵塞。对现场聚合物垢样品所做的化学组分、表面元素能谱及红外光谱的研究表明,垢的主体结构由交联的聚丙烯酰胺组成,交联体吸收了大量水分,在交联体内小环境中因富集而形成氯化物矿物晶体无机垢结构,而在成垢的过程中又将地层内的一些粘土矿物包裹于交联体内,形成具有聚合物-矿物复合结构的强胶凝态物质,严重影响聚合物注入—调剖—驱油过程中的聚合物溶液的流动。  相似文献   

断陷湖盆滩坝砂体成因与成藏:以东营凹陷沙四上亚段为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王永诗  刘惠民  高永进  田美荣  唐东 《地学前缘》2012,19(1):100-107

滩坝砂是一种发育在滨浅湖高能环境的薄互层沉积,是以往未被重视的、认识程度较低的碎屑岩储集体。围绕滩坝砂成因与成藏的难点,研究了东营凹陷沙四上亚段滩坝砂沉积特征和分布规律,明确了滩坝砂成藏要素与富集规律。提出了滩坝砂沉积受古地貌、古水动力(波浪、湖流)和古基准面控制的"三古控砂"机制和油气成藏受断裂裂隙、有效储层、烃源岩超压控制的"三元控藏"认识,指出断陷盆地中长期基准面持续上升,短期基准面频繁震荡形成了大面积分布的滨浅湖滩坝砂沉积,烃源岩生烃增压与成岩过程中耗水降压共同作用下的"压-吸充注"是滩坝砂岩大面积含油的主要原因。  相似文献