Turbulent heat fluxes during an intense cold-air outbreak over the Kuroshio Extension Region: results from a high-resolution coupled atmosphere–ocean model     

Tommy G. Jensen  Timothy J. Campbell  Richard A. Allard  Richard Justin Small  Travis A. Smith 《Ocean Dynamics》2011,61(5):657-674

The coupled ocean atmosphere mesoscale prediction system that includes the Navy Coastal Ocean Model has been configured for the Kuroshio Extension region using multiple one-way nested high-resolution grids. The coupled model system was used to simulate a strong cold-air outbreak event from 31 Jan to 7 Feb 2005 in good agreement with meteorological data from a surface buoy data and QuikSCAT scatterometer winds. Latent heat fluxes and sensible heat fluxes were computed during the event with daily averages in excess of 1,500 W/m² and 500 W/m², respectively, and combined instantaneous turbulent heat fluxes up to 2,300 W/m². The largest heat fluxes were found in two large meanders of the Kuroshio and along its southern flank. Strong gradients in turbulent heat fluxes coincided with strong sea surface temperature gradients and were maintained during the cold-air outbreak simulation. The large turbulent heat fluxes lead to significant subtropical mode water formation during the event at a rate about 10 Sv in the cyclonic recirculation region south of the Kuroshio. This increased the volume of core layer mode water within the temperature range 16°C to 18°C by 10% and increased the surface area of that layer directly exposed to the atmosphere by a factor close to 5 in the model domain.  相似文献   

How nature uses overland flow regime to maximize equilibrium detention storage and flood attenuation     

Tommy S. W. Wong 《水文研究》2008,22(26):5004-5012

Equilibrium detention storage is an important parameter as it has a proportional effect on flood attenuation. In this paper, based on the kinematic wave theory, a working formula for the equilibrium detention storage of an overland plane with upstream inflow has been derived. Since the flow regime over a concrete plane can vary throughout the entire range laminar to turbulent, this case has been selected to examine the effect of flow regime on the equilibrium detention storage. In the examination, the derived formula has been applied to four flow regimes: (a) laminar, (b) transitional, (c) near turbulent, and (d) turbulent. The examination shows that for planes with a small discharge, laminar flow gives the maximum detention storage. For planes with a medium discharge, transitional flow gives the maximum detention storage, and for planes with a large discharge, near turbulent flow gives the maximum detention storage. The flow regime can cause more than two‐fold increase in detention storage. All these results can be attributed to the respective flow resistance, and have been endorsed with analyses of the water surface profile and the rising limb of the hydrograph. Finally, relating the results to real‐life situations, it shows that the flow regime that gives the maximum detention storage is also the dominating flow regime in nature. Hence, extraordinarily, the flow regimes that exist in nature in fact provide maximum flood attenuation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Oxidative and conjugative metabolism in isolated rainbow trout liver cells     

Tommy Andersson 《Marine environmental research》1984,14(1-4)

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Satellite mapping of oolitic ridges in Arabs Gulf,Egypt     

L. Tommy Lindell  E. Torbjörn Alexandersson  John O. Norrman 《国际地球制图》2013,28(1):49-59

When the ecological effects of the proposed Qattara Hydrosolar Power Project were investigated, a number of submarine ridges were found in Arabs Gulf, Egypt.Those ridges were of unconsolidated oolitic origin, which was of critical importance for the water intake conditions of the Qattara Project. They were scientifically extremely interesting as being the first recent oolites ever found in the Mediterranean. The ridges have been studied concerning the geology, morphology and the water dynamics both in the field and from different satellite sensors‐MSS, TM and SPOT. Satellite mapping of the structure of the ridges, benthic algae and geology has been performed. The identification of the benthic algae has been accomplished by a semi‐manual box‐classifier technique.

A new accurate depth chart of Arabs Gulf has been constructed using TM data calibrated against echosoundings.

By creating a synthetical digital terrain model of the bed‐rock of Arabs Gulf and comparing it with the satellite image the amount of oolitic material of the bay has been estimated.

The character and location of the ridges has been compared with similar oolitic forms in the West Indies.  相似文献   

A modular injection system, multilevel sampler, and manifold for tracer tests   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mailloux BJ  Fuller ME  Rose GF  Onstott TC  DeFlaun MF  Alvarez E  Hemingway C  Hallet RB  Phelps TJ  Griffin T 《Ground water》2003,41(6):816-827

Ground water injection and sampling systems were developed for bacterial transport experiments in both homogenous and heterogeneous unconsolidated, surficial aquifers. Two types of injection systems, a large single tank and a dynamic mixing tank, were designed to deliver more than 800 L of amended ground water to the aquifer over 12 hours, without altering the ground water temperature, pH, Eh, or dissolved gas composition. Two types of multilevel samplers (MLSs) were designed and installed. Permanent MLSs performed well for the homogenous surficial aquifer, but their installation procedure promoted vertical mixing, which could obfuscate experimental data obtained from vertically stratified, heterogeneous aquifers. A novel, removable MLS was designed to fit in 2- and 4-inch wells. Expandable O-rings between each sampling port hydraulically isolated each port for sample collection when a nut was tightened at the land surface. A low-cost vacuum manifold system designed to work with both MLS designs used 50 mL centrifuge tubes to efficiently sample 12 MLS ports with one peristaltic pump head. The integrated system was developed and used during four field campaigns over a period of three years. During each campaign, more than 3000 ground water samples were collected in less than one week. This system should prove particularly useful for ground water tracer, injection, and push-pull experiments that require high-frequency and/or high-density sampling.  相似文献   

Centrifuge simulation of the consolidation characteristics of capped marine sediment beds     

Horace Moo-Young  Tommy Myers  Barbara Tardy  Richard Ledbetter  Wipawi Vanadit-Ellis  Tae-Hyung Kim 《Engineering Geology》2003,70(3-4):249-258

Marine sediment capping is a technique where clean sand or sediment is placed over contaminated sediment to reduce the migration of contaminants to the environment. Environmental regulations have limited the use of in situ sediment capping due to concerns about the contaminant migration through the cap. A series of centrifuge tests were conducted to simulate the effects of consolidation settlement of capped marine sediment. This study describes the testing and monitoring of the centrifuge tests. The results from the centrifuge tests are interpreted and compared to predictions made by the PSDDF computer program, which can qualitatively estimate the consolidation settlement of capped marine sediment.

Centrifuge tests were utilized to predict the consolidation of marine sediment caused by the placement of a capping layer. The centrifuge tests used the modeling of models technique to verify that correct modeling procedures were utilized. In this study, the maximum deviation between the centrifuge test results and PSDDF prediction was 20%. Thus, designers should utilize PSDDF consolidation settlement results with caution. Dye tracer studies showed the importance of consolidation-induced advective transport of contaminants. Thus, the capping layer must be appropriately designed to reduce the effects of consolidation-induced advective transport. This may be accomplished by adding a reactive barrier or geosynthetic barrier layer to the cap design.  相似文献   

美国西部克罗拉多Cripple Creek地区浅成低温金-碲化物矿床成因及相关之碱性火成岩     

苑丽  ＫａｒｅｎＤ．Ｋｅｌｅｙ  ＨｏlｌｙＪ．Ｓｔｅｉｎ  ＬａｗｒｅｎｃｅＷ．Ｓｎｅｅ  ＤａｖｉｄＷ．Ｂｅａｔｙ  ＴｏｍｍｙＢ．Ｔｈｏｍｐｓｏｎ 《地质与资源》1997,6(2):156-157

美国西部克罗拉多ＣｒｉｐｐｌｅＣｒｅｅｋ地区浅成低温金－碲化物矿床成因及相关之碱性火成岩自１８９１年发现至今，ＣｒｉｐｐｌｅＣｒｅｅｋ地区已产金６５３ｔ之多，成为全美第二大金产地．金矿床产于被元古宙基底岩石包围着的狭小的（１８ｋｍ２）渐新统火山杂岩中...  相似文献   

Hepatic microsomal cytochromes P-450 from BNF-treated perch     

Lars Frlin  Tommy Andersson  Anders Goksyr  Yusheng Zhang 《Marine environmental research》1988,24(1-4)

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Annotated bibliographies of mineral deposits in Europe: by John D. Ridge. Pergamon Press,Oxford, 1984, $120.00     

Tommy B. Thompson 《Organic Geochemistry》1985,8(2):193-194

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Estimating seepage from a reservoir from change in hydraulic head     

James W. Naney  Tommy B. Thompson 《Journal of Hydrology》1979,40(3-4):201-213

An investigation of seepage below floodwater-retarding structures conducted by the U.S.D.A. Science and Education Administration Federal Research resulted in a method for estimating seepage from a reservoir based upon change in head. A typical structure was selected for the study and physiographic and geologic features of the site were identified. Extensive hydrologic and hydrogeologic data were collected and analyzed for the site. A major inflow event was recorded in the reservoir in September 1965 and data from that event were used to develop an equation for estimating the amount of seepage lost from the structure in relation to the hydraulic head behind the structure. The method presented by the authors provides a physically based method for estimating the impact of a reservoir on the groundwater flow system assuming variable reservoir head conditions.  相似文献