Intertidal biogenic reefs built by the polychaete Boccardia proboscidea in sewage‐impacted areas of Argentina,SW Atlantic     

María Lourdes Jaubet  María de los Ángeles Sánchez  María Silvia Rivero  Griselda Valeria Garaffo  Eduardo Alberto Vallarino  Rodolfo Elías 《Marine Ecology》2011,32(2):188-197

The rocky intertidal zone around the city of Mar del Plata (SW Atlantic, 38° S–57° W) is characterized by dense mussel beds of Brachidontes rodriguezii. This intertidal community develops on natural and artificial hard substrates, including abrasion platforms in sewage‐impacted areas. A monitoring program, designed to assess the effect of sewage discharge on intertidal macrobenthic communities, has been conducted since 1997. During the spring season of 2008, a new spionid polychaete (Boccardia proboscidea) was found near the sewage outfall, forming large biogenic reefs. This is the first report of biogenic reefs being built by a non reef‐forming spionid polychaete in areas organically impacted by sewage discharges. The aim of this work was to evaluate the spatial–temporal dynamics (% cover and density of B. proboscidea) of these reefs. These biogenic reefs covered almost the entire impacted site, reaching a density of 650,000 ind·m^?2. This phenomenon is unique in that there is no other record available worldwide of any other biogenic polychaete reefs that could be sewage‐induced. The presence and stability of these biogenic reefs is discussed in relation to increased organic contamination as a structuring factor.  相似文献   

Submarine canyon morphologies in the Gulf of Palermo (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea) and possible implications for geo-hazard     

Claudio Lo Iacono  Attilio Sulli  Mauro Agate  Valeria Lo Presti  Fabrizio Pepe  Raimondo Catalano 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2011,32(1-2):127-138

The continental shelf and the upper slope of the Gulf of Palermo (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea) in the depth interval ranging from 50 to 1,500 m were mapped for the first time with Multi Beam echosounder and high resolution seismic. Seven submarine canyons are confined to the upper slope or indent the shelf-edge and enter the Palermo intraslope basin at a depth of around 1,300 m. The canyons evolved through concurrent top-down turbiditic processes and bottom-up retrogressive mass failures. Most of the mass failure features of the area are related to canyon-shaping processes and only few of them are not confined to the upper slope. In general, these features probably do not represent a significant tsunami hazard along the coast. The geological element that controls the evolution of the canyons and induces sediment instability corresponds to the steep slope gradient, especially in the western sector of the Gulf, where the steepest canyons are located. The structural features mapped in the Palermo offshore contributed to the regulation of mass failure processes in the area, with direct faults and antiform structures coinciding with some of the canyon heads. Furthermore, the occurrence of pockmarks and highs that probably consist of authigenic carbonates above faulted and folded strata suggests a local relationship between structural control, fluid escape processes and mass failure. This paper presents a valuable high-resolution morphologic dataset of the Gulf of Palermo, which constitutes a reliable base for evaluating the geo-hazard potential related to slope failure in the area.  相似文献   

Applying an Automatic Image-Processing Method to Synoptic Observations     

Andrey G. Tlatov  Valeria V. Vasil’eva  Valentina V. Makarova  Pavel A. Otkidychev 《Solar physics》2014,289(4):1403-1412

We used an automatic image-processing method to detect solar-activity features observed in white light at the Kislovodsk Solar Station. This technique was applied to automatically or semi-automatically detect sunspots and active regions. The results of this automated recognition were verified with statistical data available from other observatories and revealed a high detection accuracy. We also provide parameters of sunspot areas, of the umbra, and of faculae as observed in Solar Cycle 23 as well as the magnetic flux of these active elements, calculated at the Kislovodsk Solar Station, together with white-light images and magnetograms from the Michaelson Doppler Imager onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO/MDI). The ratio of umbral and total sunspot areas during Solar Cycle 23 is ≈?0.19. The area of sunspots of the leading polarity was approximately 2.5 times the area of sunspots of the trailing polarity.  相似文献   

Atmospheric Background Measurement in the 300–400 nm Band with a Balloon Borne Experiment During a Nocturnal Flight     

Giovanni La Rosa  Gaetano Agnetta  Benedetto Biondo  Osvaldo Catalano  Filippo Celi  Renato Di Raffaele  Salvatore Giarrusso  Angelo Mangano  Francesco Russo  John Linsley  Angelo Lo Bue 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2001,276(1):219-226

  相似文献   

Genetic differentiation of blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou Risso) populations at the extremes of the species range and at the Hebrides-Porcupine Bank spawning grounds     

Ryan  Anthony W.; Mattiangeli  Valeria; Mork  Jarle 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2005,62(5):948-955

  相似文献   

Tectonically driven deposition and landscape evolution within upland incised valleys: Ambra Valley fill,Pliocene–Pleistocene,Tuscany, Italy          下载免费PDF全文

Valeria Bianchi  Massimiliano Ghinassi  Mauro Aldinucci  Jacopo Boaga  Andrea Brogi  Rita Deiana 《Sedimentology》2015,62(3):897-927

Sedimentation in the upstream reaches of incised valleys is predominantly of alluvial origin and, in most cases, independent from relative sea‐level or lake‐level oscillations. Preserved facies distributions record the depositional response to a combination of allogenic factors, including tectonics, climate and landscape evolution. Tectonics drive fluvial aggradation and degradation through local changes in gradient, both longitudinal and transverse to the valley slope. This article deals with a Pliocene–Pleistocene fluvial valley fill developed in the north‐eastern shoulder of the Siena Basin (Northern Apennines, Italy). Evolution of the valley was not influenced by sea‐level or lake‐level changes and morphological and depositional evolution of valley resulted from extensional tectonics that gave rise to normal and oblique‐slip faults orthogonal and parallel to the valley axis. Data from both field observations and geophysical study are interpreted to develop a comprehensive tectono‐sedimentary model of coeval longitudinal and lateral tilting of the developing alluvial plain. Longitudinal tilting was generated by a transverse, upstream‐dipping normal fault that controlled the aggradation of fining‐upward strata sets. Upstream of the fault zone, valley back‐filling generated an architecture similar to that of classic, sea‐level‐controlled, coastal incised valleys. Downstream of the fault zone, valley down‐filling was related to an overwhelming sediment supply sourced and routed from the active fault zone itself. Lateral tilting was promoted by the activity of a fault oriented parallel to the valley axis, as well as by different offsets along near orthogonal faults. As a result, the valley trunk system experienced complex lateral shifts, which were governed by interacting fault‐generated subsidence and by the topographic confinement of progradational, flank‐sourced alluvial fans.  相似文献   

Carboniferous and Permian granites of the northern Tasman orogenic belt, Queensland, Australia: insights into petrogenesis and crustal evolution from an in situ zircon study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Valeria Murgulov  William L. Griffin  Suzanne Y. O’Reilly 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,102(3):647-669

In situ U–Pb dating and Lu–Hf systematics of zircon in granites of the Hodgkinson Province in the northern Tasman orogenic belt, Queensland, Australia, reveal input of isotopically more evolved crustal magmas and larger ranges in ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf in the Carboniferous I-type granites (0.28219–0.28269; weighted average ~0.28245) than in the Permian S-type granites (0.28249–0.28280; weighted average ~0.28262) and Permian I-type granites (0.28253–0.28274; weighted average ~0.28260). The wide range in the Hf-isotope compositions of zircons in the Carboniferous and Permian granites can be explained by remelting of a heterogeneous Mesoproterozoic crustal source, whereas a narrow range reflects the subsequent dissolution of inherited grains/cores and magma homogenisation before zircon crystallisation. Alternatively, mixing between the most radiogenic and unradiogenic magmas can produce the isotopic variation seen in other Carboniferous granites. Remelting of Neoproterozoic average crust or mafic younger crust can produce the more radiogenic Hf-isotope compositions of zircons in the Permian S-type granites. An overlap between the Hf-isotope signatures of the Carboniferous I-type granites in the southwestern Hodgkinson Province and the northeastern Australian craton (0.28211–0.28254) and evidence for major magmatic events at 1,585–1,545 and 345–300 Ma imply that the southwestern province is underlain by cratonic crust, which wedges out towards the northeast. The more radiogenic Hf-isotope signature of the Permian granites and a lack of evidence for these major magmatic events in the southeastern and central Hodgkinson Province imply that these parts are characterised by different crustal sources and crustal evolution histories.  相似文献   

A single-crystal neutron and X-ray diffraction study of elbaite     

G. Diego Gatta  Rosa M. Danisi  Ilaria Adamo  Martin Meven  Valeria Diella 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2012,39(7):577-588

  相似文献   

济源盆地谭庄组(T_2-3)上段湖相沉积及遗迹化石特征   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：5  

张国成  曾玉凤  Buatois L A  Mangano M G 《沉积学报》2005,23(1):99-107

济源市西南郊出露有中-上三叠统谭庄组,代表了济源中生代盆地充填的一部分。在湖相剖面中识别出六种岩相组成的两类相序,相序 1呈叠置的向上变粗的序列,由下到上由富有机质页岩 (相E,类型Ⅰ ),纹层粉砂岩 (相A)和水流波痕层理砂岩(相B)组成,记录了在温暖潮湿条件下常年性开放湖泊中小型河口坝三角洲的进积作用;相序 2缺少明显的垂直序列,由互层状细粒碳酸盐岩和粉砂岩(相C),变形层理和波浪改造砂岩 (相D),富有机质页岩(相E,类型Ⅱ)和粘土岩组成,虽然也代表了常年性开放浅水湖泊体系,但反映出很强的季节性气候控制特征。湖相剖面的相C中发育丰富的Skolithos linearis组合,也反映出底层受季节性气候控制。文章深入探讨了该组上段浅湖沉积的环境演替及气候对沉积作用的控制作用,在湖泊演化过程中,很可能出现过几次水体分层。根据晚三叠世时期的古地理重建,推测谭庄组上段湖相沉积反映出的强烈季节性可以用潘加亚巨型季风影响的设想模式解释。  相似文献   

Magma–carbonate interaction: An experimental study on ultrapotassic rocks from Alban Hills (Central Italy)     

Carmela Freda  Mario Gaeta  Valeria Misiti  Silvio Mollo  Daniela Dolfi  Piergiorgio Scarlato   《Lithos》2008,101(3-4):397-415

The Alban Hills ultrapotassic volcanic district is one of the main districts emplaced during Quaternary time along the Tyrrhenian margin of Italy. Alban Hills lava flows and scoria clasts are made up essentially of clinopyroxenes and leucites and their chemical composition is mostly K-foiditic. Differentiated products (MgO < 3 wt.%) are characterised by low SiO₂ concentration (< 50 wt.%) and geochemical features indicate that this unique differentiation trend is driven by crystal fractionation plus carbonate crust interaction. Notably, the Alban Hills Volcanic District was emplaced into thick limestone units. With the aim of constraining the magmatic differentiation, we performed experiments on the Alban Hills parental composition (plagioclase-free phono-tephrite) under anhydrous, hydrous, and hydrous-carbonated conditions. Experiments were carried out at 1 atm, 0.5 GPa and 1 GPa, temperatures ranging from 1050 to 1300 °C, and H₂O and CaCO₃ in the starting material up to 2 and 7 wt.%, respectively. The experiments performed at 0.5 GPa are the most representative of the Alban Hills plumbing system. Clinopyroxene and leucite are the main phases occurring under all the investigated conditions and the liquidus phases. Nevertheless, our experimental results demonstrate that the occurrence of CaCO₃ in the starting material strongly affects phase relations. Experiments performed under hydrous conditions crystallize magnetite and phlogopite at relatively high temperature. This early crystallization drives the glass composition towards a silica enrichment, resulting in a differentiation trend moving from phono-tephritic (Alban Hills parental composition) to phonolitic compositions. This is in contrast with micro-textural evidence showing late crystallization of magnetite and phlogopite in the natural products and with the composition of the juvenile products. On the contrary, in the CaCO₃-bearing experiments (i.e., simulating magma–carbonate interaction) the magnetite and phlogopite stability fields are strongly reduced. As a consequence, the melt differentiation is mainly controlled by the cotectic crystallization of clinopyroxene and leucite, resulting in a differentiation trend moving towards K-foiditic compositions. These experimental results are in agreement with micro-textural features and chemical compositions of Alban Hills natural products and with the magmatic differentiation model inferred by geochemical data. Magma–carbonate interaction is not a rare process and its occurrence has been demonstrated for different plumbing systems. However, the uniqueness of the Alban Hills liquid line of descent suggests that the efficacy of the carbonate contamination process is controlled by different factors, the dynamics of the plumbing system being one of the most important.  相似文献