Disruption of Routine Behaviors Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill     

Vanessa Parks  Leah Drakeford  Michael R. Cope  Tim Slack 《社会与自然资源》2018,31(3):277-290

This paper frames the unfolding impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill as a process of lifeway disruption, analyzing the degree to which residents of spill affected communities were prevented from undertaking routine behaviors during the disaster. Special attention is paid to the influence of time, natural resource employment, and community sentiment. Drawing on data from the Louisiana Community Oil Spill Survey, the results show that people in the spill impacted region were prevented from engaging in routine behaviors, though this disruption has steadily decreased over time, suggesting a general trend toward recovery. Consistent with the renewable resource community concept, the results also show that those with ties to the fishing industry were more likely to be prevented from undertaking routine behaviors than were nonfishers. Finally, community sentiment is shown to ameliorate routine behavior disruption, thus, promoting resilience. Overall, these results challenge notions of monolithic paths to disaster recovery.  相似文献   

Using Multiple Methods to Understand the Nature of Relationships in Social Networks     

Vanessa M. Adams  Katie Moon  Jorge G. Álvarez-Romero  Örjan Bodin  Michaela Spencer  Deborah Blackman 《社会与自然资源》2018,31(7):755-772

Effective natural resource management (NRM) often depends on collaboration through formal and informal relationships. Social network analysis (SNA) provides a framework for studying social relationships; however, a deeper understanding of the nature of these relationships is often missing. By integrating multiple analytical methods (including SNA, evidence ratings, and perception matrices), we were able to investigate the nature of relationships in NRM social networks across five service types (e.g., technical advice, on-ground support) in our case study region, Daly catchment Australia. Only one service type was rated as highly associated with free choice in establishing relationships: technical advice/knowledge. Beneficial characteristics of NRM organizations, such as collaborative and transparent, were associated with the presence of freely chosen relationships between organizations. Our results suggest a need to improve our understanding of organizational roles and characteristics, in particular for use in applied NRM contexts, such as network weaving or disseminating information.  相似文献   

Habitat use of inter‐tidal chitons – role of colour polymorphism          下载免费PDF全文

Vanessa Mendonça  Catarina Vinagre  Henrique Cabral  Ana C. F. Silva 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(4):1098-1106

This study presents a new approach to examining European chiton habitat use according to morphological characteristics. Time‐search transects were conducted on four Portuguese rocky shores at two shore levels. The chiton species, abundance and individual morphometric features were recorded and related to the substratum dominant epiphytes and surface roughness. The chiton Lepidochitona cinerea (Linnaeus 1767) was the dominant species (77%), followed by Leptochiton algesirensis (Capellini 1859) (15%) and Acanthochitona crinita (Pennant 1777) (8%). Species abundance did not vary significantly with shore level or amongst shores. Six colour morphs were considered for Lepidochitona cinerea, four for A. crinita and one for Lepidochiton algesirensis. Substratum characteristics significantly explained the variation in species and colour morph distribution. There was a high correlation between the presence/absence and type of epiphytic algae and the substratum surface roughness level. We hypothesize that three mechanisms operating either independently or in interaction may explain the non‐random distribution of colour polymorphisms according to their habitat characteristics: (i) presence of algae that are part of their diet; (ii) use of rock as shelter – for instance, crevices and cover resulting from algae fronds and; (iii) morph–rock colour matching as a camouflage mechanism to reduce predation pressure.  相似文献   

A participatory systems approach to understanding climate adaptation needs     

Helen Ross  Sylvie Shaw  David Rissik  Neil Cliffe  Susie Chapman  Vanessa Hounsell  James Udy  Nghia Trong Trinh  Jess Schoeman 《Climatic change》2015,129(1-2):27-42

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PAH transport by sinking particles in the open Mediterranean Sea: a 1 year sediment trap study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bouloubassi I  Méjanelle L  Pete R  Fillaux J  Lorre A  Point V 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(5):560-571

One year time series of sinking particles were collected at two depths in the open Mediterranean Sea and analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Average total PAH concentrations were 593+/-284 ng g(-1) at 250 m and 551 +/- 198 ng g(-1) at 2850 m. Total PAH fluxes averaged 73 +/- 58 ng m(-2) d(-1) at 250 m and 53 +/- 39 ng m(-2) d(-1) at 2850 m. Contamination levels and, thus, exposure of marine organisms to PAH are comparable in surface and deep waters. Deep waters appear as a significant, yet overlooked, PAH sink. PAH temporal patterns show noticeable seasonality. This is partly due to varying levels of specific components such as the winter increase of pyrolytic PAH. Downward transport processes and the nature of sinking particles also impact on PAH fluxes, as inferred during periods of increasing productivity. Different phase-associations and interactions with particulate organic carbon for low-MW fossil PAH and high-MW pyrolytic PAH influence their downward transport efficiency.  相似文献   

Late Miocene paleoenvironment of the Lambert Graben embayment, East Antarctica, evident from: Mollusc paleontology, sedimentology and geochemistry     

Jason M. Whitehead  Werner Ehrmann  David M. Harwood  Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand  Patrick G. Quilty  Charles Hart  Marco Taviani  Vanessa Thorn  Andrew McMinn 《Global and Planetary Change》2006,50(3-4):127-147

The Upper Miocene (10.7–9.0 Ma) Battye Glacier Formation was deposited 250 km inland from the modern Amery Ice Shelf edge in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica. The composition of clay minerals distinguishes a Lower Member, which reflects regional erosion of Precambrian metamorphic basement, from an Upper Member, which records increased erosion of local Permian–Triassic Amery Group strata. The Upper Member was deposited in an ice-proximal environment akin to the modern fjords of East Greenland, with substantial diamict deposition resulting from melting iceberg discharge. The Lower Member was deposited in an ice-distal environment and included the accumulation of the fossil-bearing McLeod Beds. The McLeod Beds contain much siliceous biogenic sediment (≤ 15% opal), which is rare to absent in the predominantly hemipelagic mud of modern East Greenland fjords. The McLeod Beds also contain largely monospecific in situ Hiatella sp. mollusc assemblages suggestive of environmental stress, potentially caused by low salinity melt-water and a high input of terrigenous sediment, which excluded most other benthic taxa. Geochemical results from primary aragonite in Hiatella shells imply large freshwater input into the marine environment during mollusc growth, causing low δ¹⁸O, Na, Mg and high Fe values. The present study indicates that iceberg melt-water influence entering the marine environment was greater during the Late Miocene than today around Antarctica, and documents the paleoenvironment associated with a discrete period of ice margin retreat and marine incursion into the Lambert embayment.  相似文献   

Relationship between geoacoustic properties and chemical content of submarine polymetallic crusts from offshore Brazil     

Arthur Ayres Neto  Vanessa Alves da Costa  Clara Pinto Ferreira Maia Porto  Thais Cristina Vargas Garrido  Jean-Pierre Hermand 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(4):437-449

Abstract

Marine mining is the ocean’s new exploration frontier, and polymetallic crusts (PMCs) and ferromanganese nodules are considered a strategic resource for the future. Acoustic geophysical methods are a valuable tool for oceanic research and have been employed for several decades in the exploration of marine resources and environmental evaluations. The main objective of this work was to investigate the correlation between the chemical composition of PMCs from three different areas along the Brazilian continental margin and their physico-acoustic attributes (P-wave velocity, density and acoustic impedance). The results show that the geoacoustic properties of PMCs are correlated to their chemical composition. Measurements showed positive and negative trends between acoustic impedance and studied elements (Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, W and Ni) according to the direction of measurement, indicting high anisotropy levels. Our study sheds initial light on the correlation between acoustic properties and metal content of PMCs. The study facilitates assessments of the acoustic responses of PMCs allowing more efficient prospection and exploitation compared to ship-board geophysical techniques that are too qualitative to identify PMCs. The results can contribute to determining the best procedures and techniques for more efficient future exploration of this resource.  相似文献   

“Convoluted Journeys”: Integrating Nonprofit Organizations and University Science     

Vanessa Crossgrove Fry  Jen Schneider  Sally Sargeant-Hu  Carl Anderson  Erik Olson 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(3):239-254

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Spatial and temporal changes in estuarine water quality during a post-flood hypoxic event     

Vanessa N.L. Wong  Scott G. Johnston  Richard T. Bush  Leigh A. Sullivan  Christina Clay  Edward D. Burton  Peter G. Slavich 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

A major fish kill occurred in the Richmond River estuary in January 2008 due to oxygen depletion following extensive overbank flooding. This paper examines spatial and temporal changes in the chemistry of main channel waters, thereby identifying the primary sources of deoxygenating water. Over 40 km of the mid- to lower estuary main channel was deoxygenated within seven days of the flood peak. Hypoxia was confined to downstream of the confluences with mid-estuary backswamp basins and occurred during the later phase of the flood recession. Water chemistry at key locations in the estuary indicated elevated concentrations of redox sensitive species associated with acid sulfate soils (ASS) during the hypoxic period. Peak concentrations of Fe²⁺ up to 18.2 μmol L⁻¹, dissolved Mn up to 4.3 μmol L⁻¹, chemical oxygen demand (COD) up to 2052 μmol L⁻¹, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) up to 960 μmol L⁻¹ and elemental S⁰ up to 4.7 μmol L⁻¹ were found in the backswamp discharge confluences and mid-estuary main channel locations. The geochemical signature of main channel floodwaters identifies anaerobic decomposition of floodplain vegetation in ASS backswamps as a primary process leading to generation of hypoxic waters. The transport of these hypoxic floodwaters to the estuary has been accelerated and prolonged by extensive floodplain drainage, thereby enhancing the magnitude and duration of estuarine deoxygenation.  相似文献   

The pre-Caledonian Inishkea Division of northwest Co. Mayo,Ireland: Its geochemistry and probable stratigraphic position     

J. A. Winchester  M. D. Max 《Geological Journal》1987,22(4):309-331

The dominantly metasedimentary schists and gneisses of the Inishkea Division of the Erris Complex form a distinct rock group, structurally overlying the Grenvillian Annagh Division orthogneisses and underlying Dalradian metasediments, in the northwest County Mayo metamorphic inlier. A regression line for the Inishkea Division schists, defined by Rb–Sr whole rock analysis, suggests a metamorphic age of about 800 Ma, with a provenance age of about 1000–1300 Ma. The major and trace element chemistry is distinct from both the Annagh Division and Dalradian rocks, although sometimes similar to that of the Erris Group, and it suggests that the Inishkea Division originated as greywackes with associated intrusives. Local variations of the chemistry exist, but no systematic subdivision of the Division has been made. Amphibolite pods within the schists are metamorphosed and deformed tholeiite dykes, which are similar in chemistry to the younger metadolerites seen in the Annagh Division. While the geochemistry suggests that the Inishkea Division rocks are similar to both the Moine Assemblage and Grampian Group rocks of Scotland, the isotopic data suggest that they may have been deposited and then initially metamorphosed during the interval between the Grenville metamorphism of the Moine Assemblage and the onset of Dalradian and Erris Group deposition.  相似文献