东天山香山中镁铁-超镁铁质岩体岩石学与矿物学特征:对成岩成矿过程的约束   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王博林  李文渊  张照伟  王亚磊  尤敏鑫  钱兵  张志炳 《中国地质》2017,44(6):1207-1233

香山中镁铁-超镁铁岩体产出于新疆东天山地区的黄山—镜儿泉镁铁-超镁铁岩带。主要的岩石类型为二辉橄榄岩、(含长)单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩及角闪辉长岩。矿物学特征显示,岩体造岩矿物的结晶顺序为铬尖晶石→橄榄石→斜方辉石→单斜辉石→斜长石→角闪石。电子探针分析显示,同一侵入期次中各岩相具有良好的过渡渐变关系,钻孔剖面上橄榄石含量与颗粒大小、单斜辉石的成分有随深度连续变化的特征,铬尖晶石则具有良好的Cr→Fe3+、Ti的演化趋势,由此反映岩体的形成主要受结晶分异作用的控制;含长单辉橄榄岩中橄榄石和单斜辉石成分的突然变化显示岩浆结晶过程中受到了地壳物质阶段性的混染;模拟计算表明,橄榄石分离结晶伴随着硫化物的熔离;钻孔ZK3693深度为295~325 m,含长单辉橄榄岩中橄榄石、斜长石、单颗粒单斜辉石成分突然性的变化指示在区间内有新鲜的基性程度更高的岩浆注入,而此区间内矿石的Cu、Ni品位明显高于区间外同一岩相岩体,说明新鲜岩浆的注入是香山中岩体硫化物富集的重要原因。  相似文献   

基于1993-2014年高度计数据的西北太平洋中尺度涡识别和特征分析   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

崔伟  王伟  马毅  杨俊钢 《海洋学报》2017,39(2):16-28

本文利用22年的AVISO卫星高度计融合数据,基于WA涡旋自动识别方法对西北太平洋的中尺度涡进行了识别追踪,并统计分析了研究区域中尺度涡的空间分布特征、运动属性以及季节和年际变化。研究结果表明:22年间共追踪到生命周期超过30 d的气旋涡3 841个,反气旋涡2 836个,气旋涡数量多于反气旋涡。涡旋大部分向西移动,西向传播的涡旋分布在整个研究区域,而东向传播的涡旋则集中在黑潮及其延伸区。涡旋主要存在15°~30°N的纬度带间;分别而言,气旋涡主要分布在研究区域的北部和南部,而反气旋涡主要分布在副热带逆流区。30°~35°N之间的黑潮延伸区具有明显更高的涡动能和涡振幅,与同纬度区域相比这里的涡旋半径也较高。在季节和年际变化上,春季出现的中尺度涡最多,夏季最少;对涡旋的月生成数目与ENSO指数MEI比较发现,西北太平洋涡旋活动变化并不直接与ENSO现象相关。  相似文献   

基于反射法的海底浅层沉积物声学原位测量方法     

李琦  刘颉  黄翠 《海洋技术学报》2017,36(3)

开展基于反射法的海底浅层沉积物声学原位测量方法研究,针对实际海洋环境中具有分层结构的沙或泥质沉积物,建立了具有粗糙界面的层状介质中球面波的三维反射模型,根据特点优化算法并建立海底沉积物特性参数快速反演方法,设计了海底浅层沉积物声学原位测量装置,该研究结果将为海底浅层沉积物快速实时原位精确观测提供科学依据。  相似文献   

海平面升降对海相临滨储层宏观非均质性控制机理——以塔里木盆地哈得逊东河砂岩储层为例     

赵俊威  徐怀民  何翠  江同文  徐朝晖  阳建平  王超  余义常 《地质与勘探》2017,53(3)

本文研究海平面变化对海相单一亚相储层宏观非均质性的影响。以经典层序地层学理论为指导,应用岩心测试、测井数据,对哈得油田东河砂岩段临滨亚相储层宏观非均质性进行了分析,提出了海平面升降对临滨亚相储层宏观非均质性控制机理,确定了海平面相对变化控制的储层宏观非均质性分布模式。结果表明,准层序、准层序组及体系域内不同级次的海平面变化,对沉积物形成的水动力条件及沉积后所处表生环境产生较大影响,各项储层宏观非均质参数表现出明显的规律性,使准层序内单一临滨亚相储层宏观非均质性表现为向上减弱的变化趋势;准层序组内由于准层序堆砌特征差异,使退积式准层序组内临滨亚相储层宏观非均质性呈向上变强的特征,而进积式准层序组内表现为由强到弱的趋势;高位体系域内单一临滨亚相储层宏观非均质性总体表现为向上逐渐减弱。  相似文献   

Dam-break risk analysis of the Attabad landslide dam in Pakistan and emergency countermeasures   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xiaoqing Chen  Peng Cui  Yong You  Zunlan Cheng  Asif Khan  Chengyin Ye  Shu Zhang 《Landslides》2017,14(2):675-683

The Attabad landslide dam caused significant property losses and many human casualties in Pakistan, and also greatly affected the operation of the China-Pakistan Karakoram Highway (KKH). This paper discusses the risk of dam breach and hazards to the KKH project construction site following a dam breach. The paper examines the following three topics. (1) The geomorphologic dimensionless blockage index (DBI) and the analogy method were used to analyze the stability of the Attabad landslide dam. The long-term behaviors of landslide dams downstream of the Attabad landslide dam indicate that the risk of a dam breach exists, but the probability of a total dam failure is low. (2) The peak discharge of a potential breach of the Attabad landslide dam was calculated for scenarios in which 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, and total failure of the dam was breached. The potential breach discharge decreases with the downstream distance. (3) The potential impacts of the landslide dam breach on the KKH project construction site were analyzed. Based on the composition of the landslide dam, the probability of a 1/3 dam breach is high. To ensure the safety of downstream areas, disaster preparedness plans that correspond to the 1/2 dam breach scenario should be developed. Based on experience in addressing the landslide dam that was caused by the Wenchuan Earthquake, artificial controlled drainage measures are suggested and provide a technical reference for addressing the Attabad landslide dam and achieving recovery and normal operation of KKH.  相似文献   

中国湖相碳酸盐岩时空分布与碳氧同位素特征^*          下载免费PDF全文

苏玲  朱如凯  崔景伟  吴松涛  罗忠  毛治国  李森 《古地理学报》2017,19(6):1063-1074

湖相碳酸盐岩产状多样,多以夹层形式分布在碎屑岩剖面中,也见以结核或钙质微体化石等薄层赋存于泥岩、页岩等碎屑岩中,具有层数多、单层薄、呈韵律性变化等特点。受构造背景、物源输入和古环境等因素控制,中国湖相碳酸盐沉积最早出现于二叠纪,主要发育时段为古近纪,具有沉积时间跨度大、分布面积广的特征。湖相碳酸盐岩按成因可分为原生沉积型、成岩改造型和热液喷流型3类。中国湖相碳酸盐岩的碳氧同位素特征可揭示原生和成岩过程中水介质环境的差异性: (1)δ¹³C和 δ¹⁸O 密切相关,且δ¹³C多正偏,指示封闭型咸水、半咸水湖泊环境;(2)δ¹³C和 δ¹⁸O 无相关性,且δ¹³C多负偏,指示开放型湖泊环境;(3)δ¹³C严重正偏,指示成岩作用时发酵带的环境受到古细菌参与的甲烷生成作用的影响。  相似文献   

内蒙古北山地区盘陀山一带长城纪古硐井群碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及其地质意义   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

程海峰  徐旭明  刘广  段炳鑫  徐翠  管诰 《地质通报》2017,36(8):1385-1392

长城纪古硐井群作为内蒙古北山地区古老褶皱基底之上的第一个沉积盖层,尚未获得可靠的年龄资料,前人只是根据其产出的层位和岩石组合特征与燕山地区的长城系对比后,将其置于中元古代长城纪。对古硐井群变质长石石英砂岩中碎屑锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,结果显示,锆石~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄数据90%介于1.3~2.2Ga之间,其余年龄介于2.4~3.2Ga之间,峰期在1.6~2.0Ga之间,最年轻的碎屑锆石~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄为1393±50Ma。通过对比碎屑锆石的年龄频谱和周围古地块的形成时代,碎屑锆石的U-Pb年龄限制了古硐井群的沉积时代,应为中元古代蓟县纪,古硐井群的沉积物可能来自北山-阿拉善和塔里木-敦煌地块。  相似文献   

阵列式探地雷达信号极化场特征     

习建军  曾昭发  黄玲  崔丹丹  王者江 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2017,47(2)

阵列式观测是探地雷达系统研制和新型探测方法的一个重要发展趋势,而同形多源并发地下目标响应特征分析成为系统研制和数据处理研究的基础和前提。阵列式天线的多源并发信号及目标反射信号存在复杂的极化特性,但同时也包含更多目标特征的响应信息。本文针对基于似平面波探地雷达系统,分析了目标体在极化平面波照射下的响应特征,从多极化信号角度分析典型地下目标体形态特征;并采用时域有限差分正演分析方法,通过对阵列天线接收到的数据沿时间轴进行积分来获得目标在地表投影的分布情况,分析了一维及二维分布的收发天线阵列对目标的检测。研究成果表明,多极化综合特征分析能够有效改善目标检测的稳定性,提高目标响应信号的信噪比,减弱天线方向图和目标散射截面闪烁对数据剖面的影响,降低数据处理和解释的难度。  相似文献   

Analysis of microscopic pore structures of the silty clay before and after freezing–thawing under the subway vibration loading     

Zhong-Liang Zhang  Zhen-Dong Cui 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(15):528

With the rapid development of the subway rail transit, the effect of the cyclic loading on the surrounding foundations and buildings has drawn wide attention. In addition to the in situ tests and the laboratory triaxial tests, microscopic tests also provide an effective way to clarify the physical and mechanical characteristics of soils. On the other hand, the characteristics of the soft silty clay before and after freezing–thawing has been less studied. In this paper, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests following the cyclic triaxial tests of silty clay layer were performed to investigate the variations of the microscopic pore structures of the layer before and after freezing–thawing. The corrected Otsu method was used to obtain the binary SEM images of silty clay. The porosity results demonstrate that the magnifications from 1000× up to 5000× were suitable for observation of the silty clay microstructures. The binary SEM images of soil pore structures were quantitatively analyzed, including the porosity, the size distribution, the pore shape coefficient, the pore orientation distribution and the fractal dimension. The pore orientation of samples without loading is arranged in the horizontal direction, while the pores of samples under cyclic loadings are arranged in the vertical. After freezing–thawing, the mean anisotropy value of the microscopic pore structures increased about 12% and the porosity of samples without loadings increases about 11.24%. The lower the freezing temperature is, the larger the porosity within the samples becomes. However, the freezing–thawing has little effect on the pore shape coefficient of the silty clay. The porosity of the silty clay increases with an increase in pore diameter, but it decreases with the increase in excess pore pressure. In addition, the microscopic pore structures of the silty clay exhibit fractal characteristics. The fractal dimension is reduced by the disturbance from the effect of freezing–thawing, coupled with the effect of cyclic loading.  相似文献   

Estimating the contribution of glacial meltwater to Ranwu Lake,a proglacial lake in SE Tibet,using observation data and stable isotopic analyses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jianting Ju  Liping Zhu  Junbo Wang  Yingying Cui  Lei Huang  Ruimin Yang  Qingfeng Ma  Lun Luo  Yongjie Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(5):229

It is important for both current monitoring and paleoenvironmental research conducted on proglacial lakes and their adjacent glaciers to clarify the hydrological processes operating on these lakes. However, in remote regions with limited accessibility it may be difficult to study hydrological processes by direct monitoring. In this study, we use measurements of stable isotopic compositions to trace the multiple water sources contributing to Ranwu Lake, a proglacial lake in south-eastern Tibet. Using stable isotopic data from precipitation, inflowing rivers and the lake water, a water and isotope mass balance modelling method was used to calculate the ratio of evaporation to input. Subsequently, using hydrological and climatic data for the outflow, the largest inflow and precipitation, other hydrological elements of the lake water balance were also calculated. The results demonstrate that the ratio of evaporation to inflow is as low as 0.009, the lowest value observed for the Tibetan Plateau, indicating that Ranwu Lake is a through-flow lake with a very short retention time. Glacial meltwater accounts for at least 55% of total runoff, the highest value observed for the Tibetan Plateau, indicating that the sediments of Ranwu Lake may have considerable potential for reconstructing variations in the activity of the local glaciers. Finally, we note that it may be inappropriate in this glacier-fed lake to use the intersection of the local meteoric water line with the lake water line for determining the isotopic composition of the input water, and this possibility must be carefully considered when stable isotope mass modelling is used in proglacial lakes.  相似文献