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本文研究了改性粘土悬浮液中硫酸根对其去除藻华生物效率的影响,通过Zeta电位、沉降速率和粒径分布等分析了改性粘土对藻华生物的去除效率,探讨了硫酸根与改性粘土的作用机制。结果显示:改性粘土对抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anophagefferens)的去除效率随悬浮液中硫酸根浓度的增加呈现先降低后升高的趋势,改性湖北土和改性江苏土对抑食金球藻去除率较低时(40%)的硫酸根浓度分别为6.46×10–3—2.42×10–1mol/L和6.46×10–3—2.42×10–2mol/L;改性粘土颗粒的Zeta电位随着硫酸根浓度的增加而降低,然后保持相对稳定;悬浮液中改性粘土颗粒的沉降速率和中值粒径D50呈现先增加后降低的趋势,对于改性江苏土,在硫酸根浓度为2.42×10–2mol/L时颗粒的沉降速率最大。综上所述,悬浮液中硫酸根主要通过降低粘土颗粒表面电荷密度、桥联改性粘土组分和影响粘土颗粒分散性等作用影响改性粘土对藻华生物的去除效率。 相似文献
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通过设定不同的氮(N)、磷(P)浓度一次性培养东海原甲藻,研究了该藻的生长状况及不同生长阶段单位细胞DNA,RNA及蛋白质含量的变化,结果表明,不同氮磷浓度对东海原甲藻的生长产生显著影响,最终生物量与初始的氮磷浓度呈正相关,不同培养组的最大生长率存在显著差异(P<0.05);DNA含量与培养液中氮浓度相关性极显著(P<0.01),但与磷浓度相关性不显著(P>0.05);RNA含量与氮磷浓度均呈极显著相关(P<0.01),而且在不同的生长阶段其含量也会发生变化,随着培养时间的延长,各培养组的RNA含量显著下降(P<0.05);RNA/DNA比值与氮磷浓度均显著相关(P<0.05),而且与生长率呈线性相关关系。培养液中氮浓度显著影响到东海原甲藻单位细胞总蛋白含量,磷缺乏也会使总蛋白含量显著降低。 相似文献
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2012年长江口及其邻近海域营养盐分布的季节变化及影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2012年3、5、8和12月4个航次长江口及邻近海域的调查数据,研究了氮、磷、硅营养盐及总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的浓度特点,及其与盐度的相关性和叶绿素a的变化特征。结果表明,总溶解无机氮(DIN)、硅酸盐(Si O3)和TN的浓度分布均表现出自长江口至外海迅速降低的特征,且与盐度呈现显著负相关性。磷酸盐(PO4)的浓度降低程度随远离河口而减弱,且与盐度的相关性相对较弱,可能存在外海水补充;而TP则在长江口浑浊带海域呈现出较高浓度,且与盐度的相关性不明显,可能是受浑浊带泥沙吸附所致。在调查海区内,DIN与TN的平均值在夏季较低,结合叶绿素a数据分析,认为浮游植物吸收作用降低了DIN和TN的浓度。通过分析各营养盐之间的比值特征,进一步考察了营养盐来源及其对浮游植物生长的可能限制情况,其中N/P比值的变化同样揭示了N主要来自于长江水而P有部分来自于外海水的特征。该比值呈现远离河口而降低的特征,且在浑浊带无明显季节变化。春季和夏季有超过90%的调查站位显示潜在P限制,且均位于外海区。与历史资料对比发现,春季和夏季潜在P限制站位的比例明显升高,而潜在Si限制站位比例在春季和夏季降低。本文研究认为,营养盐含量及组成结构反映了该海域浮游植物群落组成和优势种的演替。 相似文献
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Both nitrate (NO3−) and soluble reactive phosphate (PO43−) concentration in the freshwater end-member at the mouth of the Changjiang River have increased dramatically since the 1960s.
Within the same period in the sea area, with surface salinity>30, NO3− concentration has shown an obvious increase, PO43− has not changed greatly and dissolved reactive silica (SiO32−) has deceased dramatically. An examination of the elemental ratio of NO3− to PO43− at the mouth of the Changjiang River did not show a systematic trend from the 1960s to 2000s largely because both nutrients
increased simultaneously. In comparison, the elemental ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to PO43− in surface seawater, with salinity>22, has shown a clearly increasing trend. Furthermore, an overall historical change of
the SiO32−:PO43− ratio has undergone a reverse trend in this area. Based on the changes of SiO32−:PO43− and DIN:PO43− ratios, we can conclude that an overall historical change of SiO32−:DIN ratio has decreased in this area from the 1950–1960s to 2000s. The argument that phytoplankton productivity in the Changjiang
estuary has been enhanced by increasing nutrient input from the riverine transport was supported by these results. A comparative
study analyzing the shift of phytoplankton composition from the mid-1980s to 2000s was also made. The results indicated that
the average yearly percentage of diatom species in the Changjiang estuary has decreased from 84.6% during 1985–1986 to 69.8%
during 2004–2005. Furthermore, the average yearly percentage of diatom abundance in the Changjiang estuary decreased from
99.5% during to 75.5% over the same time period, while the abundance of dinoflagellates has increased dramatically, from 0.7%
to 25.4%. 相似文献
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Blooms of some pico/nanophytoplankton have occurred frequently along the Qinhuangdao coast since 2009, and it is necessary to identify the critical environmental factors inducing them. In this study, variations in the physical and nutrient characteristics of the seawater were analyzed following the development of local blooms in 2013. The local environmental characteristics were also compared with those of the Changjiang River estuary, China, and the Long Island estuaries in the USA, which are also prone to blooms of special algal species. In Qinhuangdao the local water temperature varied seasonally and rose above 15°C in 2013 early summer, coincident with the water discoloration. The salinity was more than 28 with a variation range of 3 throughout the year. Our results suggest that the physical conditions of the Qinhuangdao coastal area were suitable for the explosive proliferation of certain pico/nanophytoplankton, e.g. Aureococcus anophageff erens. The water supporting the bloom was not in a condition of serious eutrophication, but there were relatively high concentrations of reduced nitrogen(especially ammonium), which acted as an important nitrogen source for the pico/nanophytoplankton bloom. There was also a large gap between total nitrogen(TN) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN). Although the phosphate concentration was relatively low, there was no evidence of phosphorus limitation to the growth of pico/nanophytoplankton during bloom events. 相似文献
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粘土表面改性方法是提高改性粘土絮凝有害藻华效率的关键。本文研究了超声改性法对粘土去除藻华生物效率的影响,对比分析了粘土颗粒在改性前后的粒度分布、扫描电镜图像以及表面电位等理化特征变化,进而初步探讨了超声改性的作用机制。结果显示,超声改性处理可以有效提高本研究中所试验五种粘土去除藻华生物能力。超声改性导致粘土颗粒粒径进一步减小,且超声时间越长,颗粒粒径越小;超声处理后的粘土粒度分布集中、颗粒均匀,延长超声处理时间可以有效提高增效效果。同时发现,超声改性后粘土颗粒的表面电位负电性变弱,降低了粘土颗粒与表面负电性藻细胞之间的静电斥力,从而提高了粘土对藻华生物藻细胞的絮凝去除能力。本研究探索了提高粘土去除藻华生物效率的新方法,为进一步增强改性粘土去除能力提供了参考。 相似文献
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通过对几种不同结构的季铵盐类化合物对赤潮异弯藻的去除效率进行比较，发现具有一定结构的季铵盐类化合物对该种藻具有较强的灭杀去除效果；在相同用量（质量）下，含有一个长碳链的季铵盐化合物的灭杀效果明显高于含有双长链的季铵盐化合物。同时，通过测定十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作用下的赤潮异弯藻的叶绿素含量变化和光合作用强度，并借用透射电镜研究了受肋迫藻细胞的亚显微结构，从而分析了季铵盐类化合物灭杀赤潮生物的原理：季铵盐对赤潮异弯藻的“毒性“主要是由于其强表面活性，易于吸附在藻细胞的磷脂双分子膜结构的表面，从而引起膜结构的破坏和功能的丧失，进而导致细胞死亡。 相似文献
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改性粘土治理赤潮生物的主要原理是絮凝作用,但水体中未被去除的微藻对改性粘土有怎样的生理生化响应尚不清楚。本文以小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)为模式生物,考察了改性粘土絮凝后水体中残余小球藻生理生化性质的变化情况。研究发现,经改性粘土或原土絮凝后,残余小球藻的生长受到了明显抑制,其丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量迅速上升,改性粘土组的MDA含量高于原土组。除了原土组过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性相比对照组没有明显变化外,改性粘土组和原土组超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、CAT、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ascorbate peroxidase,APX)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-PX)等酶活,均呈现先上升后下降、并稳定在较高水平的变化趋势。原土组各酶活普遍低于改性粘土组,但GSH-PX活性则相反。结果表明,改性粘土不仅能高效去除水体中的小球藻,而且能够刺激残余的藻细胞积累较多的O2-·和H2O2,从而对藻细胞造成过氧化伤害,抑制未被去除部分海洋微藻的正常生长。 相似文献