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31.
CEVSA模型是一个基于生理生态过程模拟植物-土壤-大气系统能量交换和水碳氮耦合循环及其对环境变化响应和适应的机理模型,在区域和全球尺度上得到广泛应用.尽管该模型在大尺度上已经应用大量的植被生产力,碳储量和叶面积测定以及遥感反演数据进行了验证,但还缺乏在冠层和景观尺度上对模型的机理过程(如对光合,呼吸和蒸散过程及其导致的水碳通量变化)模拟的检验.以近年来生态系统机理过程研究的最新进展为基础,对模型进行改进,应用一个亚热带针叶林水碳通量连续观测数据对模型模拟结果进行检验,并分析机理模拟与涡度相关观测得到的水碳通量与环境条件关系的差异.模型模拟的主要水碳通量季节变化特征均与观测值一致.对蒸散和土壤水分的模拟结果与观测值相近,分别解释了观测值90%和86%的变异性,但是模拟值系统偏低.模拟的年总光合碳固定(GPP)和生态系统呼吸(Re)接近于观测值,并且能够分别解释其观测值79%和88%的变异性.尽管净生态系统生产力(NEP)的模拟值(394 gC/m2)也与观测值(387.15 gC/m2)接近,但是它仅能解释观测值31%的变异性.与观测值相比,模拟的NEP在冬季偏低而在夏季偏高.通过与温度、水汽压差的相关分析表明,在严重的高温和缺水胁迫条件下,模型没有准确模拟生态系统光合和呼吸过程.结果证明CEVSA模型对水碳循环的模拟与植被冠层尺度水碳通量测定结果一致,但仍然需要对极端温度和水分胁迫效应的模拟作进一步的ChinaFLUX. 相似文献
32.
中国通量观测网络(ChinaFLUX)能量平衡闭合状况的评价 总被引：24，自引：2，他引：24
涡度相关观测网络能够对生态系统的水碳通量及其气候背景资料进行长期观测,能量平衡闭合状况作为通量观测数据评价的一个重要参考指标,备受通量界研究者的重视.本研究运用OLS(OrdinaryLeastSquares)、RMA(ReducedMajorAxis)、EBR(EnergyBalanceRatio)和δ频率分布四种统计方法对湍流通量(显热和潜热)与有效能量(净辐射、土壤热通量、冠层热储量)的关系进行了分析,对ChinaFLUX各站点的能量平衡闭合状况进行了综合评价,给出了能量平衡闭合程度日变化和季节变化趋势.研究结果表明各站点能量平衡都没有完全闭合,但因站点的条件不同,其不闭合程度略有差异;在夜间不闭合的程度比白天更加明显;闭合程度随摩擦风速的增大而有所改善.总体来说,在现有通量观测系统中,显热和潜热湍流通量往往会被低估,而有效能量项则会被高估.最后讨论了通量观测中的采样误差、仪器测量可能产生的系统偏差、其他能量吸收项的作用、高频与低频湍流通量损失以及平流作用对能量平衡闭合状况的影响. 相似文献
33.
Water vapour and CO2 fluxes were measured by the eddy-covariance technique above a mixed needle and broad-leaved forest with affiliated meteorological measurements in Changbai Mountain as part of China‘s FLUX projects since late August in 2002. Net water vapour exchange and environmental control over the forest were examined from September 1 to October 31 in 2002. To quantify the seasonal dynamics, the transition period was separated into leafed, leaf falling and leafless stages according to the development of leaf area. The results showed that (a) seasonal variation of water vapour exchange was mainly controlled by net radiation (Rn) which could account for 78.5%, 63.4% and 56.6% for leafed, leaf falling and leafless stages, respectively, while other environmental factors‘ effects varied evidently; (b) magnitude of water vapour flux decreased remarkably during autumn and daily mean of water vapour exchange was 24.2 mg m^-2 s^-1 (100%), 14.8 mg m^-2 s^-1 (61.2%) and 10.3 mg m^-2 s^-1 (42.6%) for leafed, leaf falling and leafless stage, respectively; and (c) the budget of water vapour exchange during autumn was estimated to be 87.1 kg H2O m2, with a mean of 1427.2 g H2O d^-1 varying markedly from 3104.0 to 227.5 g H2O m^-2d^-1. 相似文献