压力及流体对岩石孔隙结构与黏弹性的影响规律研究:理论模型及实验观测          下载免费PDF全文

程卫  巴晶  马汝鹏  张琳 《地球物理学报》1954,63(12):4517-4527

地质成因和构造/热应力导致地壳岩石中的孔隙结构（裂隙和粒间孔）的变化.影响岩石黏弹性的因素包括压力、孔隙度、孔隙中包含的流体和孔隙几何形状等.相对于岩石中的硬孔隙,岩石黏弹性（衰减和频散）受软孔隙（裂隙）的影响更大.本文选取三块白云岩样本,进行了不同围压和流体条件下的超声波实验测量.利用CPEM（Cracks and Pores Effective Medium,裂隙和孔隙有效介质）模型获得了岩石高、低频极限的弹性模量,并通过Zener体（标准线性体）模型将CPEM模型拓展到全频带而得到CPEM-Zener模型,用该模型拟合岩石松弛和非松弛状态下的实验数据,本文得到平均裂隙纵横比和裂隙孔隙度以及纵波速度和品质因子随频率的变化关系.结果表明,饱水岩石的平均裂隙纵横比和裂隙孔隙度均高于饱油岩石,随着压差（围压和孔隙压力的差值）的增加,饱油岩石中的裂隙首先闭合.并且压差在70 MPa以内时,随着压差增大,岩石的平均裂隙纵横比和裂隙孔隙度在饱水和饱油时的差值增大,此时流体类型对于岩石裂隙的影响越来越显著,此外,对饱水岩石,平均裂隙纵横比随压差增加而增大,这可能是由于岩石中纵横比较小的裂隙会随压差增大而逐渐趋于闭合.在饱水和饱油岩石中,裂隙孔隙度和裂隙密度都随着压差增加而减小.通过对裂隙密度和压差的关系进行指数拟合,本文获得压差趋于0时的裂隙密度,且裂隙密度随孔隙度增大而增大,增大速率随压差增加而降低.针对饱水和饱油的白云岩样本,CPEM-Zener模型预测的纵波频散随压差增大而减小,此变化趋势和实验测得的逆品质因子随压差的变化关系基本一致,由此进一步验证了模型的实用性.本研究对岩石的孔隙结构和黏弹性分析以及声波测井、地震勘探的现场应用有指导意义.  相似文献   

Horizontal and vertical distribution of PCBs and chlorinated pesticides in sediments from Masan Bay,Korea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hong SH  Yim UH  Shim WJ  Oh JR  Lee IS 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,46(2):244-253

Horizontal and vertical distributions of organochlorine compounds (OCs) were determined in sediments from Masan Bay. The concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), HCB, hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and chlordane related compounds (CHLs) in sediments were in the range of 1.24-41.4, 0.28-89.2, 0.02-0.59, nd-1.03, and nd-2.56 ng/g, respectively. The spatial distribution of OCs showed a negative gradient from the inner of the bay to outer part of the bay, indicating that the source of OCs was probably located inside the bay. Compositional pattern of PCB congeners showed a relatively high concentration of high-chlorinated congeners in the inner part of the bay and a relatively low concentration of low-chlorinated congeners in the outer part. In sediment core from Masan Bay maximum concentrations of PCBs and DDTs are observed in the subsurface samples and correspond to an age of early 1980s and late 1960s. The concentration profiles of PCBs and DDTs in sediments of Masan Bay appear to correspond to use of PCBs and DDTs in Korea.  相似文献   

Approximate incremental dynamic analysis using the modal pushover analysis procedure   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sang Whan Han  Anil K. Chopra 《地震工程与结构动力学》2006,35(15):1853-1873

Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA)—a procedure developed for accurate estimation of seismic demand and capacity of structures—requires non‐linear response history analysis of the structure for an ensemble of ground motions, each scaled to many intensity levels, selected to cover the entire range of structural response—all the way from elastic behaviour to global dynamic instability. Recognizing that IDA of practical structures is computationally extremely demanding, an approximate procedure based on the modal pushover analysis procedure is developed. Presented are the IDA curves and limit state capacities for the SAC‐Los Angeles 3‐, 9‐, and 20‐storey buildings computed by the exact and approximate procedures for an ensemble of 20 ground motions. These results demonstrate that the MPA‐based approximate procedure reduces the computational effort by a factor of 30 (for the 9‐storey building), at the same time providing results to a useful degree of accuracy over the entire range of responses—all the way from elastic behaviour to global dynamic instability—provided a proper hysteretic model is selected for modal SDF systems. The accuracy of the approximate procedure does not deteriorate for 9‐ and 20‐storey buildings, although their dynamics is more complex, involving several ‘modes’ of vibration. For all three buildings, the accuracy of the MPA‐based approximate procedure is also satisfactory for estimating the structural capacities for the limit states of immediate occupancy, collapse prevention, and global dynamic instability. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Intercalibration of international and domestic ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating standards   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Wang Fei  He Huaiyu  Zhu Rixiang  Sang Haiqing  Wang Yinglan  Yang Liekun 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(5):461-470

Four international standards, Ga1550, MMhb-1, Lp-6, Bem 4M, and one domestic standard BT-1 have been intercalibrated. The repeated measurements on MMhb-1 with different mass demonstrate that MMhb-1 is inhomogeneous in age and its average age is 519.8 Ma. The results of Bern 4M and Lp-6 reflect that they have an invariable value of ⁴⁰Ar*/³⁹Ar_k (F) and the ages we obtained are consensus with their K-Ar age: Lp-6=127.7Ma; Bern 4M=18.2 Ma. Analyses of BT-1 age spectra, Ca/K and Cl/K spectra as well as inverse isochrons indicate that the sample is homogeneous and invariable and keeps close chemically, with its trapped argon isotope composition close to the atmosphere. The dating results show that age values are reproducible and steady, total fusion age, step-heating age, plateau age and isochron age are in accord with each other within the error range (2σ). Therefore, we recommend 28.7 Ma as the calibrated age of BT-1. We also discuss the variation in neutron flux gradients of Beijing 49-2 reactor. It was found that the neutron flux gradient varies considerably, and more monitors (standard samples) are needed to fix the trend of variation. The coefficient of the 49-2 reactor that transfers the ratio of production rate of ³⁷Ar_Ca/³⁹Ar_K into Ca/K ratio is 1.78. This is different from that reported earlier, 2.0, which may be caused by the reconstruction of the reactor.  相似文献   

GasBench-IRMS在碳酸盐岩δ^13C和δ^18O在线连续分析中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陶成把立强  李广友杨华敏 《岩矿测试》2006,25(4):334-336

采用GasBench-IRMS气体质谱分析技术，实现了碳酸盐岩中碳氧同位素的在线连续分析。优化了色谱柱温、离子源参数等工作条件，排除了空气中N2O的干扰。结果表明，色谱柱柱温为40℃、65℃时，方法线性范围较宽，结果准确可靠。方法用于碳酸盐岩国家一级标准物质中δ^13C和δ^18O的测定，结果与标准值一致。  相似文献   

由ERS-1波形重构确定我国近海平均海平面          下载免费PDF全文

鲍李峰  陆洋  王勇  许厚泽 《地球物理学进展》2007,22(2):427-431

近海岸区域平均海面高在大地测量学、物理海洋学以及地球物理学研究中具有非常重要的意义.受各种条件的制约和限制，目前卫星测高技术主要应用于深海区域，在近海区域尤其是海岸线附近区域的应用几乎为空白.本文根据ERS-1测高卫星回波波形特征，采用五参数线性模型，由最小二乘拟合方法，对近海区域尤其是靠近海岸线附近的ERS-1测高波形数据进行波形重构.比较波形重构前、后解算平均海面高，表明波形重构技术不仅明显改善了解算近海海面高的精度，而且增加了近海测高海平面的分辨率，并使卫星测高有效观测延伸至海岸线附近.随后，本文利用波形重构后海面高数据构造了近海多年平均海平面，并对我国近海海平面特征进行了初步分析.  相似文献   

宁夏冬季负积温变化特征   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

桑建人  刘玉兰  韩世涛  邱旺 《气象科学》2007,27(2):202-207

对宁夏20个测站1961—2004年的冬季负积温EOF分析表明,冬季的冷趋势具有明显的大尺度特征,在近40 a逐渐变暖。据累积距平显示,l986年出现了突变,之前,冬季气温偏低,具体表现为冷冬年全部分布在此时段,之后偏暖,90年代以后出现暖冬的频次明显增加。≤0℃持续日数具有明显的年代际变化,2001—2004年比60年代平均减少了13.5 d。在80%保证率下,全区≤0℃持续日数和负积温依地势自北向南增多,引黄灌区最少,中部干旱带次之,南部黄土丘陵区相对最多。  相似文献   

济南东部埠村超单元及其就位机制     

田洪水  桑忠禧  仲衍伟  吕明英 《山东国土资源》1998,(2)

分布于济南东部六山圈—大有一带的侵入岩,为燕山早期同一岩浆热事件多次侵入形成的杂岩体,依其形成顺序可划分为山张庄、西杜、大有、赵家鹊山四个单元,归并为埠村超单元。该超单元的形成与幔源基性岩浆上侵及同源岩浆分异产生的中偏基性—中性岩浆多次侵入有关,属热气球式膨胀与火山口塌陷复合就位机制。  相似文献   

Cordierite breakdown under high-pressure hydrous conditions     

Sang Man Lee  M. J. Holdaway 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1976,56(3):289-295

Green and Vernon (1974) have experimentally determined a divariant field of cordierite-orthoamphibole-kyanite-quartz with a slope of 12±4 bars per °C occurring between 8.0 and 10.4 kbar at 750° C and between 9.5 and 11.3 kbar at 850° C. However, the writers' thermodynamic calculation of the divariant band indicates a more limited range of 0.65 and 0.7 kbar at 750° C and 850° C respectively, with an estimated error of ±0.2 kbar.  相似文献   

Demersally drifting invertebrates from Kongsfjorden,Svalbård (Arctic Ocean)–a comparison of catches from drift-pump and drift-nets     

Hans-Uwe Dahms  Hyoung-Min Joo  Jae Hyung Lee  Mi Sun Yun  So Hyun Ahn  Sang Heon Lee 《Ocean Science Journal》2015,50(4):639-648

Demersally drifting organisms were collected at Ny Ålesund (Svalbård–Arctic Ocean) to study the taxon composition and relative abundances in the Arctic summer. Catch potentials of two collection devices for demersal drift were compared. A lowvolume submersible drift-pump and a drift-net unit were employed for the collection of demersally drifting biota, particularly for shallow aquatic habitats. With the exception of Appendicularia, Chaetognatha, Coelenterata, and Ctenophora, which were damaged at times, the pump catches were in good condition and sufficient for identification and quantification of less mobile fauna. A comparison of the two devices revealed that the drift-pump collected more specimens than the drift-net. However, the drift-net may have caused an underestimation of the abundances of invertebrates. No differences in identified taxon number and indices of richness, evenness and diversity were found. However, the proportion of invertebrate animals in the two devices was different for the three groups: zooplankton, macrofauna and meiofauna. At Svalbård, zooplankton, larvae of macrofauna, and meiofauna were successfully collected by the two collecting devices. However, the catchibility of the two devices in collecting various invertebrate taxa was different and, therefore, a sound ‘Device Effect’ was revealed.  相似文献