化探背景与异常划分中的C型转换法     

陈明  范继璋  矫希国 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1996,(2)

化学背景与异常在统计学上的差异同时表现在浓度和变差两个方面。在划分背景与异常时,把这两方面信息提取出来并作显化处理,使背景与异常的差别更大,以利划分,这就是Ｃ型转换的基本思想。介绍了Ｃ型转换法的基本原理及其在条件模拟和实际金矿区中的应用。  相似文献   

Gold Solubility in SiO2—HCl—H2O System at 200℃：a Preliminary Assessment of the Implications of Silicification with Regard to Gold Mineralization     

Shengyuan Wang  Wenling Fan 《中国地球化学学报》1994,13(1):13-23

The complexation between gold and silica was experimentally, confirmed and calibrated at 200 °C: $$\begin{gathered} Au^ + + H_3 SiO_4^ - \rightleftharpoons AuH_3 SiO_4^0 \hfill \\ \log K_{(200^\circ C)} = 19.26 \pm 0.4 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ Thermodynamic calculations show that AuH₃SiO ₄ ⁰ would be far more abundant than AuCl ₂ ^? under physicochemical conditions of geological interest, suggesting that silica is much more important than chloride as ligands for gold transport. In systems containing both sulfur and silica, AuH₃SiO ₄ ⁰ would be increasingly more important than Au (HS) ₂ ^? as the proportion of SiO₂ in the system increases. The dissolution of gold in aqueous SiO₂ solutions can be described by the reaction: $$\begin{gathered} Au + 1/4O_2 + H_4 SiO_4^0 \rightleftharpoons AuH_3 SiO_4^0 + 1/2H_2 O \hfill \\ log K_{(200^\circ C)} = 6.23 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ which indicates that SiO₂ precipitation is an effective mechanism governing gold deposition, and thus explains the close association of silicification and gold mineralization.  相似文献   

全球不同构造环境蛇纹岩全岩和矿物微量元素组成及非传统稳定同位素(Fe- Zn- Cu同位素)特征     

杨凯  戴紧根  沈洁  张文仓  赵玲玲 《地质学报》2022,96(12):4149-4166

蛇纹岩对地球深部和浅部的元素循环以及氧化还原状态调节具有非常重要的作用。蛇纹岩中的流体活动性元素(fluid- mobile element, FME)是揭示地幔岩石水化、脱水以及元素循环的关键。本文系统收集和分析了前人报道的不同构造环境的蛇纹岩矿物化学、全岩微量元素和非传统稳定同位素(Fe、Zn、Cu)的组成特征，试图从多个角度总结蛇纹岩脱水过程的元素迁移规律及流体性质。蛇纹岩主要矿物蛇纹石微量元素含量具有以下主要特征：① 不同变质程度的蛇纹岩中的蛇纹石既包含轻稀土元素(light rare earth element, LREE)富集，又包含LREE亏损的特征；② 纤蛇纹石的REE和微量元素分布在利蛇纹石和叶蛇纹石的范围内，利蛇纹石重稀土元素(heavy rare earth element, HREE)整体上略高于叶蛇纹石且更加富集FME；③ 通过中度不相容元素与REE含量相结合，能够较好地区分橄榄石和辉石蛇纹石化所形成的蛇纹石，即辉石形成的蛇纹石富集相容元素(如Sc、Zn、Cr、Y和Ti等)并具有较高的HREE，而橄榄石形成的蛇纹石则表现为平坦且整体较低的REE分布型式。在蛇纹岩全岩微量元素和稀土元素(rare earth element, REE)含量方面，不同构造环境的蛇纹岩具有较大范围的重叠，但也有一定的差异：① 慢速扩张的印度洋中脊蛇纹岩REE和微量元素含量要整体高于快速扩张的大西洋中脊和太平洋中脊的蛇纹岩；② 马里亚纳蛇纹岩泥相比于蛇纹岩和蛇纹石化纯橄岩具有更高的REE和微量元素，而蛇纹石化纯橄岩相比于蛇纹岩则具有相对低的REE及流体不活动性元素含量。因此，利用微量元素的含量在区分不同环境的蛇纹岩方面存在一定的困难。但是，碱金属元素与U元素含量及其相应的比值，则可以较明显区分出大洋蛇纹岩和弧前蛇纹岩。目前已发表的蛇纹岩Fe、Zn、Cu同位素数据表明：① 蛇绿岩中的蛇纹岩Fe和Zn同位素的分馏与其变质程度密切相关。蛇纹岩在进变质过程中δ 56Fe值与Fe 3+/∑Fe值呈负相关，而Zn含量和δ 66Zn值则呈现正相关，表明蛇纹岩变质脱水能够释放氧化性流体；② 与橄榄岩相比，蛇纹岩具有明显低的δ 65Cu值，表明橄榄岩蛇纹石化过程中存在氧化性流体的加入。蛇纹岩Fe、Zn、Cu同位素在示踪流体性质和氧化还原状态方面有很大潜力，对壳幔系统的化学循环具有重要意义。  相似文献   

黑龙江省与呼伦贝尔盟土地类型的划分及其分布规律   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵松乔  戴旭  申元村  杨柳林 《地理研究》1982,1(1):49-57

本文就土地研究的几个主要概念,即土地、土地分类、土地分级作了简要讨论,并结合黑龙江省及呼伦贝尔盟的具体条件,对为农、林、牧业服务的土地分类原则进行了初步探讨,还拟订了该区土地分级系统——土地类和土地型,及适合于大比例尺制图的土地组。在此基础上,将全区分为18个土地类、71个土地型。文章还从水平带性、垂直带性和土地结构三个方面,介绍了该区土地类型分布的一般规律。  相似文献   

Two-dimensional pH distributions and dynamics in bioturbated marine sediments   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Qingzhi Zhu  Yanzhen Fan 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2006,70(19):4933-4949

The seafloor is the site of intense biogeochemical and mineral dissolution-precipitation reactions which generate strong gradients in pH near the sediment-overlying water interface. These gradients are usually measured in one-dimension vertically with depth. Two-dimensional pH distributions in marine sediments were examined at high resolution (65 × 65 μm pixel) and analytical precision over areas of ∼150 to 225 cm² using a newly developed pH planar fluorosensor. Dramatic three-dimensional gradients, complex heterogeneity, and dynamic changes of pH occur in the surficial zone of deposits inhabited by macrofauna. pH can vary by ±2 units horizontally as well as vertically over millimeter scales. pH minima zones often form in association with redoxclines within a few millimeters of inner burrow walls, and become more pronounced with time if burrows remain stable and irrigated for extended periods. Microenvironmental pH minima also form locally around decaying biomass and relict burrow tracks, and dissipate with time (∼5 d). H⁺ concentrations and fluxes in sandy mud show complex acid-base reaction distributions with net H⁺ fluxes around burrows up to ∼12 nmol cm⁻² d⁻¹ and maximum net reaction rates varying between −90 (consumption) to 120 (production) μM d⁻¹ (∼90 nmol cm⁻¹ d⁻¹ burrow length). Acid producing zones that surround irrigated burrows are largely balanced by acid titration zones along inner burrow walls and outer radial boundaries. The geometry and scaling of pH microenvironments are functions of diagenetic reaction rates and three-dimensional transport patterns determined by sediment properties, such as diffusive tortuosity, and by benthic community characteristics such as the abundance, mobility, and size of infauna. Previously, undocumented biogeochemical phenomena such as low pH regions associated with in-filled relict biogenic structures and burrowing tracks are readily demonstrated by two-dimensional and time-dependent images of pH and sedimentary structure.  相似文献   

Fluid unmixing/immiscibility as an ore-forming process in the giant REE–Nb–Fe deposit, Inner Mongolian, China: Evidence from fluid inclusions     

Hong-Rui Fan  Fang-Fang Hu  Kui-Feng Yang  Kai-Yi Wang 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,89(1-3):104

The giant Bayan Obo REE–Nb–Fe deposit consists of replacement bodies hosted in dolomite marble made up of magnetite, REE fluorocarbonates, fluorite, aegirine, amphibole, calcite and barite. Two or three phase CO₂-rich, three phase hypersaline liquid–vapor–solid, and two phase liquid-rich inclusions have been recognized in mineralized fluorite and quartz samples. Microthermometry measurements indicate that the carbonic phase in CO₂-rich inclusions is nearly pure CO₂. Fluids involving in REE–Nb–Fe mineralization at Bayan Obo might be mainly of H₂O–CO₂–NaCl–(F–REE) system. Coexistences of brine inclusions and CO₂-rich inclusions with similar homogenization temperatures give evidence that immiscibility happened during REE mineralization. An unmixing of an original H₂O–CO₂–NaCl fluid probably derived from carbonatitic magma. The presence of REE-carbonates as an abundant solid in fluid inclusions shows that the original ore-forming fluids are very rich in REE, and therefore, have the potential to produce economic REE ores at Bayan Obo.  相似文献   

珠江三角洲城市旅游竞争力空间结构体系初探   总被引：37，自引：4，他引：37  

黄耀丽  李凡  郑坚强  李飞 《地理研究》2006,25(4):730-740

区域城市间旅游竞争力空间结构体系是一个由不同等级、不同空间区位、不同旅游发展阶段的城市通过旅游资源、旅游交通等生产力要素以及客流有机耦合而形成的。本文在深入分析旅游竞争力含义及其空间结构的基础上,采用城市旅游竞争力的多维评价和综合分析的方法,将珠江三角洲城市旅游目的地划分为不同的3个等级,并总结出珠江三角洲城市旅游竞争力具有以广深为轴线的“哑铃”型双极放射状空间形态模式,提出了凭借城市自身比较优势,承担不同层次旅游竞争与合作角色的空间组织模式,旨在通过研究梳理各城市旅游影响要素的优劣差异,认识区域内旅游竞争力的空间结构特征,为进一步探讨形成互利共赢的城市旅游竞争与合作机制奠定基础,促进珠江三角洲城市旅游经济的和谐发展。  相似文献   

辽东栎萌生个体的地上生物量及其构件分配与生长参数的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孟令彬  包维楷  张咏梅  庞学勇  孙凡 《山地学报》2006,24(2):202-208

选择岷江上游海拔2100-2300m地段的辽东栎萌生株个体69株，测定了每株生长参数（年龄、高度、基径、冠幅）、各器官生物量及地上总生物量，分析了各器官生物量及构件分配与生长参数的相互关系。结果表明，辽东栎萌生株构件分配的大小排序为：茎干〉枝〉皮〉叶：随径级增大。茎干、大枝生物量所占总生物量比例上升，其他器官所占比例减小。辽东栎年龄与高度呈S曲线关系，其他均表现出很好的幂指数函数关系；各构件器官生物量与生长参数大多也呈幂指数函数W=aD^h（D为基径）关系。基径为估测辽东栎萌生株地上各器官生物量及总生物量的最佳因子。  相似文献   

The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu River, southwestern China — Reply     

F.C. Dai  C.F. Lee  J.H. Deng  L.G. Tham 《Geomorphology》2006,73(3-4):277-278

A short reply to discussion by Chanson.  相似文献   

辽东湾北部地区走滑构造特征与油气富集规律   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

范军侠  李宏伟  朱筱敏  田世澄 《古地理学报》2006,8(3):415-418

辽东湾北部地区右行走滑构造特征较为典型,主要表现为:沿走滑断裂带发育雁行式伸展断裂;剖面上发育花状构造;走滑断裂沿走向呈“S”型或反“S”型波状弯曲;沿走滑断裂带断槽与断鼻构造相间分布。分析认为,渐新世晚期,辽东湾北部地区南北向拉张、东西向挤压的区域应力场控制了右行走滑构造的形成,断槽与断鼻构造相间分布是由于沿走滑断裂带局部应力场性质发生改变所致。右行走滑断裂的“S”型弯曲部位为增压弯部位,走滑断裂两侧断块在此汇聚,地层因应力集中而形成断鼻构造;右行走滑断裂的反“S”型弯曲部位为释拉张部位,走滑断裂两侧断块在此离散,地层因拉张而发生断陷形成断槽。受走滑构造所控制,油气沿走滑断层自断槽向断鼻方向运移、聚集而成藏。研究走滑构造发育特征,对于预测圈闭分布以和研究油气富集规律具有重要意义。  相似文献