全文获取类型
收费全文 | 20615篇 |
免费 | 3790篇 |
国内免费 | 4822篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 1052篇 |
大气科学 | 4138篇 |
地球物理 | 5315篇 |
地质学 | 10408篇 |
海洋学 | 2372篇 |
天文学 | 943篇 |
综合类 | 2420篇 |
自然地理 | 2579篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 63篇 |
2023年 | 304篇 |
2022年 | 868篇 |
2021年 | 1009篇 |
2020年 | 848篇 |
2019年 | 960篇 |
2018年 | 1164篇 |
2017年 | 1043篇 |
2016年 | 1238篇 |
2015年 | 934篇 |
2014年 | 1214篇 |
2013年 | 1219篇 |
2012年 | 1146篇 |
2011年 | 1201篇 |
2010年 | 1135篇 |
2009年 | 1139篇 |
2008年 | 1011篇 |
2007年 | 982篇 |
2006年 | 778篇 |
2005年 | 831篇 |
2004年 | 586篇 |
2003年 | 613篇 |
2002年 | 604篇 |
2001年 | 570篇 |
2000年 | 669篇 |
1999年 | 1003篇 |
1998年 | 802篇 |
1997年 | 876篇 |
1996年 | 810篇 |
1995年 | 681篇 |
1994年 | 561篇 |
1993年 | 508篇 |
1992年 | 391篇 |
1991年 | 285篇 |
1990年 | 228篇 |
1989年 | 175篇 |
1988年 | 174篇 |
1987年 | 126篇 |
1986年 | 104篇 |
1985年 | 70篇 |
1984年 | 50篇 |
1983年 | 43篇 |
1982年 | 36篇 |
1981年 | 27篇 |
1980年 | 35篇 |
1979年 | 27篇 |
1978年 | 15篇 |
1976年 | 11篇 |
1975年 | 14篇 |
1958年 | 18篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
62.
G. Z. Xie F. K. Liu Y. Y. Zhu J. H. Fan R. W. Lu 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1991,179(2):321-329
It has become clear in recent years that relativistic beaming is a good explanation for the BL Lac phenomenon. Of studies based on the relativistic beaming model of BL Lac objects, we note that the orientation of jet's axis to the line-of-sight is very small and, therefore, the observed flux emitted from a rapidly moving source is orders of magnitude higher than the flux in its rest-frame:F
obs = 3 +
F
intr, where is the bulk relativistic Doppler factor. Then the observed apparent magnitudem
v
must be corrected for this effect. For our 39 samples, the corrected apparent magnitudem
v
corr
and logZ have a good correlation. 相似文献
63.
We found that the structure of the Universe can be characterized by a set of actions
s
. This means that some discontinuous phenomena in the Universe can be considered as large-scale quantum effects. The behaviour of matter on a typical scale is determined by the behaviour of matter on other scales through the interactions. 相似文献
64.
Deng Zu-Gan Zhou You-Yuan Liu Yong-Zhen Dai He-Jun 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1986,126(2):301-312
In former works (Zhouet al., 1983, 1985), a quantitative method have been developed to take the selection effects in the identification of emission lines of quasars into account. It was proved that these selection effects may be the cause of the unevenness in the redshift distribution of quasars. The present work is a continuation and development of former works. We use results given by the surveys with same limit-apparent magnitude and choose the quasars whose absolute magnitudes are within a specific range as the analysing samples. Using the method given in the former papers we may find out the evolutionary parameter in an evolutionary law with form of (1+z)
y
from the best fitting between the calculative and observational redshift distribution. The result of analysis shows that the evolutionary law of quasars selected by slitless technique isp =p
0(1 + z)6.5 ± 1 up toz=2.8. This result coincides with and generalizes the earlier result given by other authors. 相似文献
65.
66.
Time scale of an early to mid-Paleozoic orogenic cycle of the long-lived Central Asian Orogenic Belt, Inner Mongolia of China: Implications for continental growth 总被引:50,自引:0,他引:50
Ping Jian Dunyi Liu Alfred Krner Brian F. Windley Yuruo Shi Fuqin Zhang Guanghai Shi Laicheng Miao Wei Zhang Qi Zhang Liqao Zhang Jishun Ren 《Lithos》2008,101(3-4):233-259
We present a detailed, new time scale for an orogenic cycle (oceanic accretion–subduction–collision) that provides significant insights into Paleozoic continental growth processes in the southeastern segment of the long-lived Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The most prominent tectonic feature in Inner Mongolia is the association of paired orogens. A southern orogen forms a typical arc-trench complex, in which a supra-subduction zone ophiolite records successive phases during its life cycle: birth (ca. 497–477 Ma), when the ocean floor of the ophiolite was formed; (2) youth (ca. 473–470 Ma), characterized by mantle wedge magmatism; (3) shortly after maturity (ca. 461–450 Ma), high-Mg adakite and adakite were produced by slab melting and subsequent interaction of the melt with the mantle wedge; (4) death, caused by subduction of a ridge crest (ca. 451–434 Ma) and by ridge collision with the ophiolite (ca. 428–423 Ma). The evolution of the magmatic arc exhibits three major coherent phases: arc volcanism (ca. 488–444 Ma); adakite plutonism (ca. 448–438 Ma) and collision (ca. 419–415 Ma) of the arc with a passive continental margin. The northern orogen, a product of ridge-trench interaction, evolved progressively from coeval generation of near-trench plutons (ca. 498–461 Ma) and juvenile arc crust (ca. 484–469 Ma), to ridge subduction (ca. 440–434 Ma), microcontinent accretion (ca. 430–420 Ma), and finally to forearc formation. The paired orogens followed a consistent progression from ocean floor subduction/arc formation (ca. 500–438 Ma), ridge subduction (ca. 451–434 Ma) to microcontinent accretion/collision (ca. 430–415 Ma); ridge subduction records the turning point that transformed oceanic lithosphere into continental crust. The recognition of this orogenic cycle followed by Permian–early Triassic terminal collision of the CAOB provides compelling evidence for episodic continental growth. 相似文献
67.
Chemical structure of Jurassic vitrinites isolated from the coals in basins in NW China have been checked using solid state 13C NMR and flash pyrolysis-GC/MS. Study shows some Jurassic collodetrinites are rich in aliphatic products in pyrolysates, consisting with the high amount of methylene carbon in 13C NMR spectra. In contrast, pyrolysates of Jurassic collotelinites are rich in phenols and alkylbenzenes. Also one Pennsylvanian and one Permian vitrinite selected from the Ordos basin, NW China have been checked for comparison. The proportion of aliphatics is low in pyrolysates, and aliphatic carbon peak in 13C NMR spectrum of Permian vitrinite is mostly composed of gas-prone carbons compared with collodetrinites in those Jurassic basins. But both pyrolysis and 13C NMR data shows the Pennsylvanian vitrinite is not only gas-prone but also oil-prone. Relatively high proportion of long chain aliphatic structure of some Jurassic vitrinite in Junggar, Turpan-Hami basins may be due to the contribution of liptodetrinites, which may be included during the formation of vitrinites. And it seems that suberinite is the most possible precursor of long chain aliphatics in the structure of Jurassic collodetrinite. 相似文献
68.
Zi-Fu Zhao Yong-Fei Zheng Chun-Sheng Wei Fu-Kun Chen Xiaoming Liu Fu-Yuan Wu 《Chemical Geology》2008,253(3-4):222-242
The crustal structure of the Dabie orogen was reconstructed by a combined study of U–Pb ages, Hf and O isotope compositions of zircons from granitic gneiss from North Dabie, the largest lithotectonic unit in the orogen. The results were deciphered from metamorphic history to protolith origin with respect to continental subduction and exhumation. Zircon U–Pb dating provides consistent ages of 751 ± 7 Ma for protolith crystallization, and two group ages of 213 ± 4 to 245 ± 17 Ma and 126 ± 4 to 131 ± 36 Ma for regional metamorphism. Majority of zircon Hf isotope analyses displays negative εHf(t) values of − 5.1 to − 2.9 with crust Hf model ages of 1.84 to 1.99 Ga, indicating protolith origin from reworking of middle Paleoproterozoic crust. The remaining analyses exhibit positive εHf(t) values of 5.3 to 14.5 with mantle Hf model ages of 0.74 to 1.11 Ga, suggesting prompt reworking of Late Mesoproterozoic to Early Neoproterozoic juvenile crust. Zircon O isotope analyses yield δ18O values of − 3.26 to 2.79‰, indicating differential involvement of meteoric water in protolith magma by remelting of hydrothermally altered low δ18O rocks. North Dabie shares the same age of Neoproterozoic low δ18O protolith with Central Dabie experiencing the Triassic UHP metamorphism, but it was significantly reworked at Early Cretaceous in association with contemporaneous magma emplacement. The Rodinia breakup at about 750 Ma would lead to not only the reworking of juvenile crust in an active rift zone for bimodal protolith of Central Dabie, but also reworking of ancient crust in an arc-continent collision zone for the North Dabie protolith. The spatial difference in the metamorphic age (Triassic vs. Cretaceous) between the northern and southern parts of North Dabie suggests intra-crustal detachment during the continental subduction. Furthermore, the Dabie orogen would have a three-layer structure prior to the Early Cretaceous magmatism: Central Dabie in the upper, North Dabie in the middle, and the source region of Cretaceous magmas in the lower. 相似文献
69.
Zhou Haiyan Zhou Xun Chai Rui Yu Lan Liu Chunhui Li Liangping 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(7):1483-1489
Thermal groundwater occurs in bedrock aquifers consisting of the dolomite of the Wumishan Group of the Jixianin System and
the Cambrian carbonate in the Xiaotangshan geothermal field near the northern margin of the North China Plain, China. The
hot water in the geothermal field of basin-type discharges partly in the form of the Xiaotangshan hot spring under natural
conditions. The hot water has TDS of less than 600 mg/L and is of Na·Ca-HCO3 type. The geothermal water receives recharge from precipitation in the mountain area with elevation of about 500 m above
sea level to the north of the spring. Thermal groundwater flows slowly south and southeast through a deep circulation with
a residence time of 224 years estimated with the Ra–Rn method. The Xiaotangshan hot spring dried up in the middle of the 1980s
owing to the increasing withdrawal of the hot water in the geothermal field in the past decades. The water level of the geothermal
system still falls continually at an annual average rate of about 2 m, although water temperature changes very little, indicating
that the recharge of such a geothermal system of basin-type is limited. Over-exploitation has a dramatic impact on the geothermal
system, and reduction in exploitation and reinjection are required for the sustainable usage of the hot water. 相似文献
70.
Response of groundwater chemistry to water deliveries in the lower reaches of Tarim River,Northwest China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yongjin Chen Kefa Zhou Yaning Chen Weihong Li Jiazhen Liu Tao Wang 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(6):1365-1373
In this paper, we analysed the monitored data from nine groundwater-monitoring transects in the lower reaches of Tarim River
during the five times of stream water deliveries to the river transect where the stream flow ceased. The results showed that
the groundwater depth in the lower reaches of Tarim River rose from −9.30 m before the conveyances to −8.17 and −6.50 m after
the first and second conveyances, −5.81 and −6.00 m after the third and fourth the conveyance, and −4.73 m after the fifth.
The horizontal extent of groundwater recharge was gradually enlarged along both sides of the channel of conveyance, i.e.,
from 250 m in width after the first conveyance to 1,050 m away from the channel after the fourth delivery. With the rising
groundwater level, the concentrations of major anions Cl−, SO42− and cations Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, as well as total dissolved solids (TDS) in groundwater underwent a significant change. The spatial variations in groundwater
chemistry indicated that the groundwater chemistry at the transect near Daxihaizi Reservoir changed earlier than that farther
from it. In the same transect, the chemical variations were earlier in the monitoring well close to watercourse than that
farther away from the stream. In general, the concentration of the major ions and TDS at each monitoring well increased remarkably
when the water delivery started, and decreased with the continued water delivery, and then increased once again at the end
of the study period. Hence, the whole study period may be divided into three stages: the initial stage, the intermediate stage
and the later stage. According to the three stages of groundwater chemistry reaction to water delivery and the relationships
between groundwater chemical properties and groundwater depths, we educe that under the situation of water delivery, the optimum
groundwater depth in the lower reaches of the Tarim River should be −5 m. 相似文献