湖北省夏季降水日变化特征   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

林春泽  刘琳  林文才  白永清  祁海霞  杨浩 《大气科学学报》2016,39(4):490-500

利用2001—2014年湖北省77个气象观测站的整点逐时降水数据,通过划分不同区域和三种量级降水的方法,分析了夏季(6—8月)降水日变化特征。结果表明:1)湖北省夏季降水日变化特征非常明显,降水量曲线呈双峰结构,峰值出现在08时和17时(北京时间,下同),降水频次与降水强度均呈现"一主一次"的双峰结构,这主要与青藏高原东移来的天气系统自西向东的滞后性以及局地热力强迫有关,发生在傍晚(15—18时)的降水强度有明显的年际增强趋势。2)湖北省降水日变化特征区域差异显著,鄂西北与鄂西南降水峰值主要出现在傍晚和夜间,谷值出现在正午,鄂东三个区域的降水峰值出现在上午和傍晚,谷值出现在午夜。3)近14 a强度为0~20 mm/h的降水呈现减少趋势,主要发生在鄂西地区。其日变化曲线为"一主一次"的双峰结构,主(次)峰值出现在07(17)时。与之相反,短时强降水(≥20 mm/h)的发生概率东部大于西部,平原大于山区,有增加趋势的站点占总站点数的53.24%,峰(谷)值出现在17(12)时。短时特大强降水(≥50 mm/h)峰值出现在15—20时,03—14时出现概率较低。  相似文献   

辽东湾坳陷东部地区走滑双重构造的发育特征 及其石油地质意义   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

吴智平  张婧  任健  徐长贵  李伟  张晓庆 《地质学报》2016,90(5):848-856

在将构造发育特征与走滑双重构造理论模型进行类比分析的基础上,对辽东湾坳陷东部地区的走滑双重构造的发育特征进行了研究,并结合油气勘探实践成果,就其石油地质意义进行了探讨,研究结果表明:在受控于走滑与拉伸并存的多动力源区域地质背景下,辽东湾坳陷新生代构造演化体现了断陷与拗陷、拉张与走滑的叠加效应,NNE走向的辽中1号断裂、辽中2号断裂及辽东断裂的发育不仅控制了辽东湾坳陷东部地区的凸凹格局,其走滑侧接关系也导致了研究区走滑双重构造的发育;辽东凸起是由于辽中2号断裂、辽东断裂走滑弯曲、右行左阶侧接而形成的挤压走滑双重构造,而辽中凹陷在早期拉张断陷基础上,经历了后期走滑作用的改造,其断裂体系的发育体现了辽中1号断裂与辽中2号断裂的右旋右行侧列所产生的拉张走滑双重构造效应;在走滑双重构造的增压带,断裂侧向封堵性强,有利于形成有效的断层圈闭,是油气藏发育的有利区带。  相似文献   

贵州西北部基性侵入岩锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学特征 及其与铅锌成矿关系初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

齐有强  胡瑞忠  张海  任光明  武丽艳  朱经经  王新松  孟昌忠  金翔霖 《地质学报》2016,90(5):933-949

贵州西北部发育多处基性侵入岩,总体规模较小(约0.25 Km2),多沿深大断裂侵位,出露于铅锌矿点外围,本文对猫猫厂、凉山两处矿点附近的儿马冲和白岩庆两地小型基性侵入岩进行了重点研究。侵入岩主要岩性为细粒辉长岩,造岩矿物主要为拉长石、普通辉石。SiO2范围为49.60-51.09 wt%,MgO从3.88-4.27 wt %,TiO2为3.69-3.85 wt %。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果为268.3±7.4 Ma,显示岩浆侵位于二叠纪。基性侵入岩的微量元素蛛网图呈OIB型特征,富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）、轻稀土元素（LREE）,亏损重稀土元素（HFEE）,相对亏损高场强元素（Nb,Ta）,有Sr、Y亏损,Pb富集。(87Sr/86Sr)i范围0.706749～0.707069,(143Nd/144Nd)i范围0.512313～0.512363,εNd(t)范围0.2～1.2;源区熔融深度处于石榴石橄榄岩相深度,可能经历了1-3 %的部分熔融,处于亏损石榴石二辉橄榄岩相向原始石榴石二辉橄榄岩相的过渡区。成岩过程中发生了单斜辉石、斜长石等矿物分离结晶,受到了有限的地壳混染作用,未经历明显的AFC过程。地壳物质在地幔源区中的加入可能是造成地幔富集的主要原因。侵入岩与成矿作用之间的关系,主要通过两方面所表现。一方面是二者间构造活动上的耦合性。另一方面是基性岩在成矿过程中可能发挥了重要的化学屏障层作用。  相似文献   

Geochronological and isotopic records of crustal storage and assimilation in the Wolverine Creek–Conant Creek system,Heise eruptive centre,Snake River Plain     

D. Szymanowski  B. S. Ellis  J. F. Wotzlaw  Y. Buret  A. von Quadt  I. Peytcheva  I. N. Bindeman  O. Bachmann 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2016,171(12):106

Understanding the processes of differentiation of the Yellowstone–Snake River Plain (YSRP) rhyolites is typically impeded by the apparent lack of erupted intermediate compositions as well as the complex nature of their shallow interaction with the surrounding crust responsible for their typically low O isotopic ratios. A pair of normal-δ¹⁸O rhyolitic eruptions from the Heise eruptive centre in eastern Idaho, the Wolverine Creek Tuff and the Conant Creek Tuff, represent unique magmatic products of the Yellowstone hotspot preserving abundant vestiges of the intermediate differentiation steps leading to rhyolite generation. We address both shallow and deep processes of magma generation and storage in the two units by combining high-precision ID–TIMS U–Pb zircon geochronology, trace element, O and Hf isotopic studies of zircon, and Sr isotopic analyses of individual high-Mg# pyroxenes inherited from lower- to mid-crustal differentiation stages. The zircon geochronology confirms the derivation of both tuffs from the same rhyolitic magma reservoir erupted at 5.5941 ± 0.0097 Ma, preceded by at least 92 ± 14 ky of continuous or intermittent zircon saturation approximating the length of pre-eruptive magma accumulation in the upper crust. Some low-Mg# pyroxenes enclosing zircons predate the eruption by at least 45 ± 27 ky, illustrating the co-crystallisation of major and accessory phases in the near-liquidus rhyolitic melts of the YSRP over a significant period of time. Coeval zircon crystals are isotopically heterogeneous (two populations at εHf ~?5 and ?13), requiring the assembly of isotopically distinct melt pockets directly prior to, or during, the eruption. The primitive Mg# 60–90 pyroxenes are out of isotopic equilibrium with the host rhyolitic melt (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i = 0.70889), covering a range of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i = 0.70705–0.70883 corresponding to ratios typical of the most radiogenic YSRP basalts to the least radiogenic YSRP rhyolites. Together with the low εHf in zircon, the Sr isotopic ratios illustrate limited assimilation dominated by radiogenic Archean crustal source materials incorporated into variably evolved YSRP melts as they progress towards rhyolitic compositions by assimilation–fractional crystallisation.  相似文献   

Assessment of Kalpana-1 Rainfall Product over Indian Meteorological Sub-Divisions During the Summer Monsoon Season     

M. T. Bushair  Satya Prakash  Shashikant Patel  R. M. Gairola 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2016,44(1):67-76

In this paper, Kalpana-1 derived INSAT Multispectral Rainfall Algorithm (IMSRA) rainfall estimates are compared with two multisatellite rainfall products namely, TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA)-3B42 and Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP), and India Meteorological Department (IMD) surface rain gauge (SRG)-based rainfall at meteorological sub-divisional scale over India. The performance of the summer monsoon rainfall of 2013 over Indian meteorological sub-divisions is assessed at different temporal scales. Comparison of daily accumulated rainfall over India from IMSRA shows a linear correlation of 0.72 with TMPA-3B42 and 0.70 with GSMaP estimates. IMSRA is capable to pick up daily rainfall variability over the monsoon trough region as compared to TMPA-3B42 and GSMaP products, but underestimates moderate to heavy rainfall events. Satellite-derived rainfall maps at meteorological sub-divisional scales are in reasonably good agreement with IMD-SRG based rainfall maps with some exceptions. However, IMSRA performs better than GSMaP product at meteorological sub-divisional scale and comparable with TMPA data. All the satellite-derived rainfall products underestimate orographic rainfall along the west coast, the Himalayan foothills and over the northeast India and overestimate rainfall over the southeast peninsular India. Overall results suggest that IMSRA estimates have potential for monsoon rainfall monitoring over the Indian meteorological sub-divisions and can be used for various hydro-meteorological applications.  相似文献   

Assessing Performance of Tomo-SAR and Backscattering Coefficient for Hemi-Boreal Forest Aboveground Biomass Estimation     

Wenmei Li  Erxue Chen  Zengyuan Li  Wangfei Zhang  Chang Jiang 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2016,44(1):41-48

Tomo-SAR technique has been used for hemi-boreal forest height and further forest biomass estimation through allometric equation. Backscattering coefficient especially in longer wavelength (L- or P-band) is thought as a useful parameter for hemi-boreal forest biomass retrieval. The aim of this paper is to assess the performance of vertical backscattering power and backscattering coefficient for hemi-boreal forest aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation with airborne P-band data. The test site locates in southern Sweden called Remningstorp test site, and the in-situ forest AGB ranges from 14 t/ha to 245 t/ha at stand level. Multi-baseline P-band Pol-InSAR data in repeat-path mode collected during March and May in 2007 at Remningstorp test site was used. We found that the correlation coefficient (R) between backscattering coefficient of P-band HH polarization and the in-situ forest biomass reached 0.87. The R for P-band VV backscattering power at 5 m is 0.71 and 10 m is 0.72. Backscattering coefficient in HH polarization and vertical backscattering power at 5 m and 10 m were applied to construct a model for hemi-boreal forest AGB estimation by backward step-wise regression and cross-validation approach. The results showed that the estimated forest AGB ranges from 19 to 240 t/ha, and the constructed model obtained a higher R and smaller RMSE, the value of R is 0.91, RMSE is 30.43 t/ha at Remningstorp test site.  相似文献   

Practical Application of 3D Visualization Using Geotechnical Database: A Case Study Karsiyaka (Izmir) Settlement Area (Turkey)     

Sevnur Yeniceli  Mehmet Ozcelik 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2016,44(1):129-134

3D geographic information system software’s (GIS) are widely used in engineering geology applications. This study was performed in the Karsiyaka settlement area for the preparation of engineering geological maps and evaluation of geological structures. Firstly, topographic maps digitized with Arcview GIS 3.2. Engineering geological maps were prepared using site works and digitized with the Rockworks 2006 programme and later stored in GIS-based computer systems. 3D modelling analysis and assessment using a geotechnical database is important to assist decision-making for land use and metro subway line planning, construction site selection, selection of water sources, etc. In this respect, the sub-surface of the study area is fully 3D visualized and useful soil class zonation maps for different depths maps are performed to be used in further studies. At last, after research at this site, the construction applications of Karsiyaka have multiplied.  相似文献   

Estimation of Above Ground Biomass for Central Indian Deciduous Forests Using ALOS PALSAR L-Band Data     

Kiran Chand Thumaty  Rakesh Fararoda  Suresh Middinti  Rajashekar Gopalakrishnan  C. S. Jha  V. K. Dadhwal 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2016,44(1):31-39

Reliable and accurate estimates of tropical forest above ground biomass (AGB) are important to reduce uncertainties in carbon budgeting. In the present study we estimated AGB of central Indian deciduous forests of Madhya Pradesh (M.P.) state, India, using Advanced Land Observing Satellite – Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS-PALSAR) L-band data of year 2010 in conjunction with field based AGB estimates using empirical models. Digital numbers of gridded 1?×?1° dual polarization (HH & HV) PALSAR mosaics for the study area were converted to normalized radar cross section (sigma naught - σ⁰). A total of 415 sampling plots (0.1 ha) data collected over the study area during 2009–10 was used in the present study. Plot-level AGB estimates using volume equations representative to the study area were computed using field inventory data. The plot-level AGB estimates were empirically modeled with the PALSAR backscatter information in HH, HV and their ratios from different forest types of the study area. The HV backscatter information showed better relation with field based AGB estimates with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.509 which was used to estimate spatial AGB of the study area. Results suggested a total AGB of 367.4 Mt for forests of M.P. state. Further, validation of the model was carried out using observed vs. predicted AGB estimates, which suggested a root mean square error (RMSE) of ±19.32 t/ha. The model reported robust and defensible relation for observed vs. predicted AGB values of the study area.  相似文献   

以SRTM-DEM为控制的光学卫星遥感立体影像正射纠正   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

张浩  张过  蒋永华  汪韬阳 《测绘学报》2016,45(3):326-331

针对全球测图缺少统一的控制基准的问题,提出了利用SRTM-DEM作为控制基准,对光学卫星遥感影像进行正射纠正的方法。首先,对光学卫星影像构建的立体影像对进行自由网平差并制作DEM;然后,以SRTM-DEM作为控制,将DEM作为单元模型,进行独立模型法DEM区域网平差,获得单元模型的定向参数;最后,改正立体影像的成像几何模型参数,进行正射纠正。选取湖北咸宁和江西某地两个测区的资源三号数据进行试验,试验结果表明,资源三号正视全色影像的平面定向精度由12.93像素提高到6.85像素。  相似文献   

北斗三频伪距相关随机模型单站建模方法     

黄令勇  吕志平  吕浩  宫轶松 《测绘学报》2016,45(Z2):165-171

为了提供可靠的伪距随机模型,基于3个线性无关的北斗三频伪距/载波无几何无电离层(GIF)组合,研究了一种利用单站数据估计北斗三频伪距相关随机模型算法。该算法首先利用低阶多项式对GIF组合进行拟合,以尽可能消除非伪距噪声以外的其他常数和误差,然后利用多元线性回归分析实现对3个线性无关的GIF组合随机噪声同时建模,最后再由线性组合关系变换得到原始北斗三频伪距相关随机模型。经北斗三频实测数据验证结果表明,该算法可实现北斗非差三频伪距相关随机模型的单站解算,有利于为导航定位以及完好性监测提供精准随机模型。  相似文献