Systematic marine conservation planning in data-poor regions: Socioeconomic data is essential   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Natalie C. Ban  Gretchen J.A. Hansen  Michael Jones  Amanda C.J. Vincent   《Marine Policy》2009,33(5):794-800

Systematic planning for conservation is highly regarded but relies on spatially explicit data that are lacking in many areas of conservation concern. The decision support tool Marxan is applied to a reef system in the central Philippines where 30 marine protected areas (MPAs) have been established in communities without much use of biophysical data. The intent was to explore how Marxan might assist with the legally required expansion to protect 15% of marine waters, and how existing MPAs might affect that process. Results show that biophysical information alone did not provide much guidance in identifying patterns of conservation importance in areas where the data are poor. Socioeconomic data were needed to distinguish among possible areas for protection; but here, as elsewhere in marine environments, the availability of such data was very limited. In the final analysis, local knowledge and integrated understanding of socioeconomic realities may offer the best spatially explicit information. The 30 existing MPAs, which encompassed a small proportion of the reef system, did not limit future options in developing a suite of MPAs on a broader scale. Rather, they appeared to generate the support for MPAs that is obligatory for any larger zoning effort. In summary, establishing MPAs based on community-driven criteria has biological and social value, but efforts should be made to collect ecological and socioeconomic data to guide the continued creation of MPAs.  相似文献   

山东半岛北部滨浅海区表层沉积物铝物源鉴别     

徐刚  刘健  裴绍峰  孔祥淮  胡刚  高茂生 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(12):147-153

Surface sediment samples in the near shore area of the north Shandong Peninsula are collected for grain size and element analyses. The results indicate that the surface sediments in the study area are primarily composed of the silt-sized components similar to the Huanghe River. The total concentration of aluminum varies from 5.57% to7.37%(average(6.33 ± 0.40)%), and its spatial distribution is mainly controlled by the grain size. Correlations between the ratio of aluminum to titanium concentration and aluminum concentration, titanium concentration and the mean grain size indicate that aluminum in the near shore surface sediments is affected majorly by the terrigenous source, and partially by the anthropogenic source. The ratios of aluminum to titanium concentrations are larger than the background value of loess matter at some stations due to the existence of excess aluminum associated with human activities. Thus, the sources of aluminum should be identified firstly when aluminum is used as an index of terrigenous matter even in the near shore area dominated by terrigenous deposits.  相似文献   

陕北能源化工基地采煤对地下水资源的影响及对策   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张茂省  董英  杜荣军  顾小凡 《地学前缘》2010,17(6):235-246

陕北能源化工基地侏罗纪煤田是中国煤炭工业战略西移的首选基地,采煤引起的地下水资源及生态环境响应的研究是一个不可逾越的课题。从分析水文地质工程地质条件入手,将煤田区划分为7个水文地质结构类型和5个含水系统,按照排泄基准面进一步将含水系统划分若干地下水流子系统。在经验公式和数值法预测结果的基础上,综合考虑研究区实际,提出了本区能够保障生态、水资源和采煤安全的冒裂带高度为240 m,"三带"安全高度为300 m,并据此将煤采区划分为非导水区、无水导水区、贫水导水区和富水导水区。从水资源的角度提出了"保水采煤"、"煤水共采"和"含水层再造"的煤炭资源开发近期和中远期对策。  相似文献   

Submarine groundwater discharge and benthic biogeochemical zonation in the Huanghe River Estuary     

Guangquan Chen  Bochao Xu  Shibin Zhao  Disong Yang  William C.Burnett  Shaobo Diao  Maosheng Gao  Xingyong Xu  Lisha Wang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(1):11-20

Submarine groundwater discharge(SGD) has received increasing attention by studies on coastal areas; however,its effects on biogeochemical zonation have not been investigated to date. The Huanghe River Estuary(HRE) is a world class river estuary with high turbidity, and heavy human regulation. This study investigated how SGD is related to the benthic biogeochemistry of the HRE. Based on the distribution of several parameters(e.g., salinity,temperature, dissolved oxygen(DO) levels, p H, radium iso...  相似文献   

Geochemical Characteristics,Origin, and Evolution of Ore‐Forming Fluids of the Khut Copper Skarn Deposit,West of Yazd in Central Iran     

Azam Zahedi  Mohammad Boomeri  Kazuo Nakashima  Mohammad Ali Mackizadeh  Masao Ban  David R. Lentz 《Resource Geology》2014,64(3):209-232

The Khut copper skarn deposit is located at about 50 km northwest of Taft City in Yazd province in the middle part of the Urumieh‐Dokhtar magmatic arc. Intrusion of granitoid of Oligocene–Miocene age into carbonate rocks of the Triassic Nayband Formation led to the formation of marble and a calcic skarn. The marble contains high grade Cu mineralization that occurs mainly as open space filling and replacement. Cu‐rich sulfide samples from the mineralized marble are also anomalous in Au, Zn, and Pb. In contrast, the calcic skarn is only weakly anomalous in Cu and W. The calcic skarn is divided into garnet skarn and garnet–pyroxene skarn zones. Paragenetic relationships and microthermometric data from fluid inclusions in garnet and calcite indicate that the compositional evolution of skarn minerals occurred in three main stages as follows. (i) The early prograde stage, which is characterized by Mg‐rich hedenbergite (Hd_53.7Di_42.3–Hd_86.1Di_9.5) with Al‐bearing andradite (69.8–99.5 mol% andradite). The temperature in the early prograde skarn varies from 400 to 500°C at 500 bar. (ii) The late prograde stage is manifested by almost pure andradite (96.2–98.4 mol% andradite). Based on the fluid inclusion data from garnet, fluid temperature and salinity in this stage is estimated to vary from 267 to 361°C and from 10.1 to 21.1 wt% NaCl equivalent, respectively. Pyrrhotite precipitation started during this stage. (iii) The retrograde stage occurs in an exoskarn, which consists of an assemblage of ferro‐actinolite, quartz, calcite, epidote, chlorite, sphalerite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite that partially replaces earlier mineral assemblages under hydrostatic conditions during fracturing of the early skarn. Fluids in calcite yielded lower temperatures (T < 260°C) and fluid salinity declined to ～8 wt% NaCl equivalent. The last stage mineralization in the deposit is supergene weathering/alteration represented by the formation of iron hydroxide, Cu‐carbonate, clay minerals, and calcite. Sulfur isotope data of chalcopyrite (δ³⁴S of +1.4 to +5.2‰) show an igneous sulfur source. Mineralogy and mineral compositions of the prograde assemblage of the Khut skarn are consistent with deposition under intermediately oxidized and slightly lower fS₂ conditions at shallow crustal levels compared with those of other typical Fe‐bearing Cu–Au skarn systems.  相似文献   

Effects of meteorological and hydrogeological factors on gross recharge percentage at unconfined sandy aquifers with an equatorial climate     

Stephen Boon Kean Tan  Eng Ban Shuy  Lloyd Hock Chye Chua 《水文研究》2007,21(18):2493-2503

A thorough understanding of rainfall recharge processes and their controlling factors is essential for management of groundwater systems. This study investigates the effects of various meteorological and hydrogeological factors on the gross recharge percentages, the rainfall–recharge relationships and the recharge threshold values for unconfined sandy aquifers under an equatorial climate. Among the meteorological factors investigated, rainfall intensity was found to have the most significant impact on the gross recharge rate. The effects of potential evaporation rate, relative humidity and air temperature on the gross recharge percentage were significant when the vadose zone thickness is larger than 2·5 m. The recharge threshold values were found to depend strongly on the vadose zone thickness. The rainfall–recharge relationships could generally be well defined by a normal–log relationship. The rainfall–recharge relationships derived here are applicable to yield estimates of gross recharge percentages for unconfined sandy aquifers under an equatorial climate, using rainfall intensity and vadose zone thickness as input variables. In this study, a theory was developed and validated to provide physical explanations for the observations, based on the residence time of the percolated rainwater within the vadose zone. Among the soil hydraulic parameters tested, porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity were found to have the most pronounced effects on the gross recharge percentage. Utilizing the sensitivity results and the theory derived, an approach was developed for extending the application of the derived rainfall–recharge relationships to other sand textures. The approach was found to be capable of producing rough and fast estimations of gross recharge percentage for other sand textures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

黄河三角洲浅层地下水盐分来源及咸化过程研究     

侯国华  高茂生  叶思源  赵广明 《地学前缘》2022,29(3):145-154

黄河三角洲地下水咸化已成为区域最突出的生态环境问题之一。识别地下水补给及盐分来源是有效控制和改善地下水咸化问题的关键。本研究采集了研究区浅层地下水、地表水和海水等不同类型水样,利用离子比、Piper三线图、吉布斯图等方法对八大离子浓度、δD和δ¹⁸O 组成、Br和Sr 浓度等进行地下水补给研究与盐分来源辨析。结果表明:(1)黄河三角洲浅层地下水以总溶解性固体(TDS)为338 g/L的咸水为主,地下水水化学类型较为单一,主要为Cl-Na型。(2)三角洲区域地下水以大气降水补给为主,并且在补给过程中经历了不同程度的蒸发作用的影响,黄河现行流路区域地下水主要来源于河水侧渗补给,但浅层地下水含水层水平渗透性较差限制了黄河侧渗补给范围。(3)海洋是黄河三角洲浅层地下水盐分的主要来源,黄河现行流路区域及近岸地下水盐分来源于海水混合,三角洲北部刁口河等古河道区域地下水盐分主要来源于海相蒸发盐淋滤溶解。  相似文献   

Technology transfer by CDM projects     

Erik Haites  Maosheng Duan  Stephen Seres 《Climate Policy》2013,13(3):327-344

Abstract

Technology development and transfer is an important feature of both the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol. Although the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) does not have an explicit technology transfer mandate, it may contribute to technology transfer by financing emission reduction projects using technologies currently not available in the host countries. This article analyses the claims about technology transfer made by CDM project participants in their project design documents. Roughly one-third of all CDM projects, accounting for almost two-thirds of the annual emission reductions, involve technology transfer. Technology transfer varies widely across project types and is more common for larger projects and projects with foreign participants. Equipment transfer is more common for larger projects, while smaller projects involve transfers of both equipment and knowledge or of knowledge alone. Technology transfer does not appear to be closely related to country size or per-capita GDP, but a host country can influence the extent of technology transfer involved in its CDM projects.  相似文献   

最高最低气温突升突降概念模型预报工具初探   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘国忠  唐毓勇  班荣贵  卢小丹  邓汝伊  黄飞  杨宇红 《气象研究与应用》2009,30(4):22-24,I0004

通过数理统计和气候分析的方法,得出百色单站24h最高最低气温突升突降的分布特征,进行区间划分和分型.利用概念模型预报方法进行研究,得出最高最低气温突升突降的概念模型预报工具.  相似文献   

连云港沿海地区及近海风能资源评估   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

陈飞  班欣  祁欣  范从勇  杨洪青 《气象科学》2008,28(Z1)

通过对连云港市30多年气象整编资料及沿海高密度自动气象站、6座测风塔、4座海岛气象站等加密观测资料研究,在充分考虑当地特殊地形特点的基础上,探讨了该地区沿海及近海风能资源的时空分布规律及特点,并重点对风湍流强度的特征及强湍流对风电的影响进行了剖析;研究表明,近海地区风能资源储量相对丰富,风速变化稳定,且风垂直切变较小,具有更为广阔的开发利用前景.  相似文献