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极端气温集成预报方法对比 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用2003-2009年ECMWF和庆阳市极端气温资料建立最高最低气温SVM、Kalman、多元线性回归3种统计方法的预报模型,采用平均、加权、回归3种方法进行预报集成,对庆阳市2010年6-12月各预报方法及5个时次集成预报进行评估.结果表明:单一的SVM、多元回归和集成方法最低气温预报5个时次的准确率均高于最高气温0.8％～24.2％,集成后加权法准确率最高,但最高和最低气温选取权重不同,SVM权重大时最高气温效果好,多元回归权重大时最低气温效果好.随着预报时效的增加,单一的预报方法和集成预报,预报准确率降低.逐月评估表明,单一的SVM准确率较高且预报性能稳定,Kalman准确率较低,回归方法各月差异大,预报不稳定,集成后,3种集成方法的预报比单一的预报方法均有所改善和提高.绝对误差分析表明,加权集成后最高和最低气温误差都较小,优于平均集成法和回归集成法. 相似文献
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利用ECMWF产品对庆阳极端气温释用效果分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用CMSVM的回归方法,用2003～2007年的欧洲数值预报格点资料和庆阳市8个自动站极端气温资料建立最高最低气温预报模型.2008年业务运行效果检验评估表明:5 d最高、最低气温综合平均预报准确率达到64%和71%,对实时业务有较好的指导作用.最高、最低气温准确率随着预报时效的延长效果降低,最低比最高气温的预报准确率高.最低气温预报效果春夏季好于秋冬季,最高气温相反.最高、最低气温绝对误差和平均误差都随预报时效的延长增大,最高比最低气温平均绝对误差大,二者的平均误差接近,均为正值,预报值具有偏高的倾向.对9月明显变化过程的评估表明,最高最低气温预报与实况演变的趋势相似. 相似文献
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利用T639模式预报产品和黑龙江省83个国家气象站气温实况观测资料,采用最优预报因子方法选取预报因子,应用多元回归方法建立逐站日最高气温和日最低气温的MOS预报方程; 对MOS、中央气象台指导预报（SCMOC）和T639三种气温预报产品的日最高气温和日最低气温预报效果进行对比检验分析,并用EOF方法检验预报与实况的时空变化特征一致性。结果表明: 与实况的时空变化一致性方面,MOS和SCMOC较好,T639略差; 预报效果方面,MOS和SCMOC对日最高气温和日最低气温的2 ℃预报准确率普遍高于T639,MOS的预报准确率在日最高气温方面高于SCMOC,在日最低气温方面低于SCMOC; MOS对T639气温预报产品改善效果明显,尤其对冬季日最低气温的预报改善效果十分显著; MOS较T639气温预报改善效果与T639模式预报效果呈负相关关系,主要表现为,MOS预报改善效果在T639预报准确率低的山区明显优于平原,在春、夏季,预报准确率较低的日最高气温明显优于日最低气温,在冬季,预报准确率较低的日最低气温优于日最高气温; MOS气温预报方法的预报性能较理想,SCMOC对黑龙江省预报难度较大的日最低气温预报效果较好。 相似文献
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基于T639数值预报产品下发的多个物理量资料,利用多元回归方法,开展本地化的分县气温客观预报方法研究,结合常规气象观测资料、美国NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°网格点逐6 h再分析资料,开展业务应用并进行了效果检验,得出以下结论:最低气温预报准确率要好于最高气温,同时夏季的气温预报也明显好于其他季节;在最高气温中对扬中的预报准确率高于其他站点,在最低气温中对丹阳的预报效果相对比较好;客观预报方法存在明显的系统性负偏差,通过使用每个预报时效预报误差的7 d滑动平均进行订正,结果表明通过订正,预报效果有所提高,特别是最高气温订正效果较明显;通过主客观预报准确率的对比分析,发现虽然客观预报对最高气温的预报效果比较差,但是在气温趋势预报上具有一定的参考价值;最低气温客观预报准确率明显高于江苏省的平均水平,和主观预报相比,虽然仍然低于主观预报水平,但是差距不大,基本上可以替代主观预报;分县气温客观预报方法对高温、寒潮等灾害性天气具有一定的预报能力,但是和实况相比,预报强度偏弱. 相似文献
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基于贵州省威宁县2012年12月-2018年8月国家基准气候站(以下简称“国家站”)和52个区域自动观测站(以下简称“区域站”)的逐日最高最低气温资料,采用统计学方法和加权最小二乘法,分析威宁县近几年来最高最低气温的变化特征及国家站和部分区域站最高最低气温的相关性。结果表明:四季中,最低气温存在稳定的低值中心和高值中心,而最高气温只存在稳定的高值中心。春、夏、秋季的最高最低气温和冬季的最低气温分布与地形基本一致,但冬季的最高气温分布受地形和滇黔静止锋共同影响却有所变化。根据拟合方程得出的各乡镇气温预报值比直接用EC模式的预报值准确率更高,其误差值≤|2|℃。随着方程相关系数的减小,预报准确率相应降低,误差范围对应增大,预报准确率的高低与相关系数的变化具有一致性。 相似文献
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统计平果县1958-2004年逐日最高、最低气温资料,得到最高、最低气温日际变化的气候特点;结合本地地形特征,分析影响最高、最低气温变化的因素;提取影响最高、最低气温变化的气象要素预报指标,建立单站最高、最低气温预报方法。 相似文献
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我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格. 相似文献
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准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6
NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。 相似文献
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Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. Terence Meaden S. Kochev L. Kolendowicz A. Kosa-Kiss Izolda Marcinoniene Michalis Sioutas Heino Tooming John Tyrrell 《Atmospheric Research》2007,83(2-4):446-449
2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness. 相似文献
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Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over
the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature
(SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds.
Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early)
onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in
these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly
correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with
respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases.
The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by
the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America
during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region.
The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple
regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation
coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill
to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully
predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed.
Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002 相似文献
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流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：10
本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用. 相似文献
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由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张德二 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(2):126-130
2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡. 相似文献
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Chunguang CUI Wen ZHOU Hao YANG Xiaokang WANG Yi DENG Xiaofang WANG Guirong XU Jingyu WANG 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):711-724
Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230... 相似文献
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The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features. 相似文献
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