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31.
现代植物植硅体化学组成研究有利于揭示植硅体的化学组成与细胞形态、植物种类及植物生长环境之间的关系,认识植硅体形成机制、植物分类及生态意义。植硅体化学组成测试方法多种多样,主要涉及植硅体化学元素组成及Si、O和C元素同位素组成测定,研究表明植硅体主要含二氧化硅和水,封闭有少量的有机成分及多种矿质元素。在植硅体封闭有机成分存在形式,部分元素的形成、迁移等循环机理,稳定碳同位素组成、分布及其生态指示意义以及^14C测年研究等方面取得一定认识。植物种类、组织部位、细胞微环境以及植物生长的环境因子能够影响植硅体的化学组成。植硅体化学组成研究对植硅体形成机制及碳、硅等元素循环具有重要意义,植硅体部分化学元素、植硅体稳定同位素组成及^14C测年具有较好的古环境及考古研究潜力。现代植物植硅体化学组成及其与环境因子的关系,以及植硅体电子探针微区研究有待于进一步深入开展。 相似文献
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A Recent Shellfish Toxin Investigation in China 总被引：30，自引：0，他引：30
Mingjiang Zhou Jun Li Bernd Luckas Rencheng Yu Tian Yan Christian Hummert Sebastian Kastrup 《Marine pollution bulletin》1999,39(1-12):331-334
A shellfish toxin investigation along the Chinese coast has recently been conducted using both HPLC and mouse assay methods. The results showed that DSP was widely distributed in different shellfish species in China. 26 out of 89 samples had DTX1 (dinophysistoxin-1) or OA (okadaic acid) but the DSP content in most shellfish samples did not reach the regulatory limit for human consumption adopted in many countries (20 μg/100 g soft tissue). PSP was also found in 5 out of 96 samples along the coast. One sample, Chlamys nobilis from Hong Kong contained high levels of PSP (320 μg STX equivalent/100 g soft tissue), compared to the regulatory limit (80 μg STX equivalent/100 g soft tissue). After the recent outbreak of red tide in Hong Kong waters, three further shellfish samples were collected within 40 days to investigate the impacts of this event. It was shown that high levels of PSP continued to exist in Hong Kong waters. This report provides the first report of DSP and PSP distribution along the Chinese coast. 相似文献
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Karenia is one of the most harmful and representative red tide genus in a temperate zone. Blooms caused by this genus have resulted in massive fish death in the South China Sea and the East China Sea. However, the potential effects of this dinoflagellate on human health through the transfer of toxins via marine food webs, and the mechanisms of toxicity, are still unknown. Therefore, we examined the toxic effects of a strain of K. mikimotoi (isolated from the South China Sea) on the proliferation and morphol... 相似文献
34.
Karenia is one of the most harmful and representative red tide genus in a temperate zone. Blooms caused by this genus have resulted in massive fish death in the South China Sea and the East China Sea. However, the potential effects of this dinoflagellate on human health through the transfer of toxins via marine food webs, and the mechanisms of toxicity, are still unknown. Therefore, we examined the toxic effects of a strain of K. mikimotoi (isolated from the South China Sea) on the proliferation and morphology of four mammalian cell lines (two normal cell lines and two cancer cell lines). In addition, we carried out a preliminary investigation on the mechanism of toxicity of the alga. The results show that the polar lipid-soluble component of K. mikimotoi significantly inhibited proliferation of the four cell lines, and resulted in the cells becoming spherical, swollen and damaged. The result of Annexin V and PI double-staining confirmed that cell membranes were disrupted. The malonaldehyde (MDA) contents in the medium of the four cell lines treated with the polar-lipid extracts all increased significantly, which indicates that the polar-lipid toxins produced by K. mikimotoi could adversely affect mammalian cells by inducing lipid peroxidation. We conclude that K. mikimotoi is a potential threat to human health, and the comprehensive effect of this dinoflagellate and its mechanisms should be investigated further. 相似文献
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The morphology and toxicity of Pseudo-nitzschia strain PP0201-01, isolated near the estuary of Changjiang （Yangtze） River in Year 2002 and tentatively identified as Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, were studied. The strain was identified morphologically as P. pungens using scanning electronic microscope （SEM）. The analytical results of LC-PDA （liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector）, LC-MS （liquid chromatography with mass detector）, and the toxicity data from mouse bioassay, showed that no domoic acid was produced by the strain. However, the mechanism of domoic acid production by Pseudo-nitzschia species is complicated. More works are needed to assess the toxic species and to evaluate the potential risk of amnesic shellfish poisoning （ASP） in China. 相似文献
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Cultural eutrophication caused by nutrient over-enrichment in coastal waters will lead to a cascading set of ecosystem changes and deleterious ecological consequences,such as harmful algal blooms(HABs) and hypoxia.During the past two decades since the late 1990s,recurrent large-scale HABs(red tides)and an extensive hypoxic zone have been reported in the coastal waters adjacent to the Changjiang River estuary.To retrieve the history of eutrophication and its associated ecosystem changes,a sediment core was collected from the "red-tide zone" adjacent to the Changjiang River estuary.The core was dated using the~(210)Pb radioisotope and examined for multiple proxies,including organic carbon(OC),total nitrogen(TN),stable isotopes of C and N,and plant pigments.An apparent up-core increase of OC content was observed after the 1970s,accompanied by a rapid increase of TN.The concurrent enrichment of δ~(13)C and increase of the C/N ratio suggested the accumulation of organic matter derived from marine primary production during this stage.The accumulation of OC after the 1970 s well reflected the significant increase of primary production in the red-tide zone and probably the intensification of hypoxia as well.Plant pigments,including chlorophyll a,p-carotene,and diatoxanthin,showed similar patterns of variation to OC throughout the core,which further confirmed the important contribution of microalgae,particularly diatoms,to the deposited organic matter.Based on the variant profiles of the pigments representative of different microalgal groups,the potential changes of the phytoplankton community since the 1970s were discussed. 相似文献
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Combustion-derived and land-plant-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been investigated by using the GC-MS analysis in an ancient soil profile from Jinluojia (金罗家) archaeological site at Macheng (麻城),Hubei (湖北) Province,Central China.Retene,cadalene and simonellite were proposed to be derived from contemporary land plants.The pyrolytic PAHs identified include fluoranthene,pyrene,benzofluoranthenes,benzo[e]pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene.The distribution of these pyrolytic PAHs varies with depth,d... 相似文献
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麻痹性贝毒(Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning， PSP)毒素由石房蛤毒素(saxitoxin， STX)及其衍生物组成，目前已发现20余种，在赤潮研究、分子生物学和神经生物学基础研究、医药、军事防化等方面均有应用潜力。由于PSP毒素的稀有来源和国际社会对STX交易的禁止，限制了国内PSP毒素应用及研究的全面深入展开，因此本文作者对PSP毒素进行了自行制备，并采用不同方法对制得的PSP毒素进行了分析研究。
目前已建立了多种PSP毒素的生物和化学分析方法。小鼠法作为PSP毒素监测和定量的标准方法已有60余年的历史(Sommer et al.，1937；McFarren et al.1958；Helich，1990)，它对海产品毒性的测定是很有效的方法，但难以揭示毒素的化学本质。其他生物分析方法如免疫分析等尽管灵敏度比小鼠法有所提高，但同样都面临难以揭示毒素的化学本质的难题。因此，对PSP毒素的分析还需借助仪器分析进行确证。尽管现在已针对PSP毒素建立了薄层色谱、毛细管电泳、高效液相色谱等多种化学分析方法，但真正得到广泛应用的只有高效液相色谱(High Performance Liquid Chromatography，HPLC)方法。对于这类PSP毒素的分离是基于离子对反相色谱原理，采用磷酸四丁基铵、己基磺酸盐、庚基磺酸盐、辛基磺酸盐等做离子对，在C-8或C-18反相色谱柱上进行分离。检测手段是基于PSP毒素在碱性条件下氧化——酸化后可以生成荧光衍生物这一原理(Bates et al.，1975)，将PSP毒素衍生生成荧光物质，用荧光检测器进行检测。 Oshima(1989)用三个等梯度洗脱法分别成功地分离分析了PSP毒素中的N-磺酰氨甲酰基类毒素(C1-C4)，膝沟藻毒素(GTX1-6)和石房蛤类毒素(STX，dcSTX和 neoSTX)，全部分析采用C-8反相柱。由于这种方法几乎可以分析已知的绝大多数PSP毒素，因而被广泛接受。 相似文献
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40.
下垫面热源对降水的作用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文通过对北京北部山区夏季、渤海及黄海北部冬、春、秋季,下垫面热源对北京的冰雹、山东半岛（及海岛）的降雪、冰雹天气的影响进行分析,阐明下垫面热源作用,在一定天气形势下可产生对流性降水天气。这种天气形势一般是高空有较强冷空气活动且低层也较冷,下垫面热源才容易起作用。此外,考虑下垫面热源作用的同时,要注意与其配合的水汽来源问题。 相似文献