The impact of several chemical poisons on the absorbing ⁴⁵Ca by the Arca granosa     

Cai Fulong  Chen Ying  Huang Lingyi 《海洋学报(英文版)》1992,11(3):435-440

The impact of several chemical poisons on the Arca granosa absorbing 45Ca was studied. The results showed that the absorption of 45Ca in the blood and the soft tissue by Arca granosa was inhibited by the inorganic compounds of Cu, Zn, Pd, Cd, Hg and so on, among which the inhibition of Cd was the strongest, next was that of Cu and Hg. But the inhibition of the absorption of 45Ca in the shell of Arca granosa was little. The impact of three kinds of energy metabolism inhibitory substances on the absorption of 45Ca by the Area granosa showed that the absorption was an active transfer process.  相似文献   

三疣梭子蟹全人工工厂化育苗技术     

孙玉忠  王雪梅  宋全山  王玉华  王磊 《海洋湖沼通报》2002,(3):76-79

2000年笔者在日照市水产研究所利用1450m^3水进行梭子蟹全人工工厂化育苗生产，共出Ⅱ-Ⅲ期幼蟹512．7万只，创造了出苗量为3500只／m^3，总产值为150多万元的直接经济效益，同时对幼体培育的密度进行了初步试验，结果表明：从Z1至M期幼体培育密度10－15万／m^3为宜，M期以后密度以0．8－1．5万／m^3为宜。  相似文献   

Fatigue Behavior of Plain Concrete Under Biaxial Compression: Experiments and Theoretical Model     

ZHU  Jin-song 《中国海洋工程》2003,17(4):617-630

The effects of different lateral confinement stress on the fatigue behavior of and cumulative damage to plain concrete are investigated experimentally. Eighty 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm specimens of ordinary strength concrete are tested under constant- or variable-amplitude fatigue loading and lateral confinement pressure in two orthogonal directions. A fatigue equation is developed by modifying the classical Aas-Jakobsen S-N equation for taking into account the effect of the confined stress on fatigue strength of plain concrete. The results of variable-amplitude fatigue tests indicate that the linear damage theory proposed by Palmgren and Miner is unreasonable in the biaxial stress state. A nonlinear cumulative damage model that could model the effects of the magnitude and sequence of variable-amplitude fatigue loading and lateral confinement pressure is proposed on the basis of the evolution laws of the residual strains in the longitudinal direction during fatigue tests. The residual fatigue life predic  相似文献   

An Experimental Study of Several Special Issues Regarding the Ice Force on Conical Structures     

SHI  Qing-zeng 《中国海洋工程》2002,16(4):561-568

The effect of the cone spacing of a conieal structure on the ice force is studied by model experiments. The ice force reduction coefficient presented in this paper expresses the relationship between the ice force and the arrangement of cones. The experiments prove that the mode of the ice failure before the boundary of upward-downward bending cone (UDBC) is crushing. A conclusion can also be drawn from the experiments that the ice force on the boundary of UDBC is by far less than that on a vertical pile with the same diameter. Moreover, the ice force frequencies on upright and inve-rted cones are obtained under the field condition of the platform JZ20-2, respectively. The results show that the alterna-tion of the ice force on UDBC can hardly induce resonance of platform JZ20-2.  相似文献   

Model Test Study of Dynamic Ice Force on Compliant Conical Structures     

黄焱  史庆增宋安 《中国海洋工程》2007,21(1):11-22

To study ice-induced vibration of a compliant conical structure,a series of model tests were performed from 2004 to 2005.In the tests,the ice sheet before the compliant conical structure was found to fail in two-time breaking.From 2005 to 2006,this type of ice failure was studied through more groups of tests.The tests show that two-time breaking is the typical failure of ice before steep conical structures,and is controlled by other factors at the same time,such as ice speed and the angle of the cone.  相似文献   

生物制氢研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

才金玲  王广策  杨素萍  周百成 《海洋科学集刊》2007,(48):176-190

目前, 世界上利用的能源90%以上都是“化石能源”(如石油、煤炭和天然气等)。随着人类不断利用这些不可再生的“化石能源”, 它将会逐渐枯竭, 且其燃烧形成的产物(如CO2和SO2等)造成的严重环境污染(如温室效应和酸雨), 也有害于人类健康。因此, 人类正面临着能源紧缺和环境污染的双重压力。为满足能源需求量日益增长和环境保护的需要, 我们必须寻找环保型的可再生能源来替代“化石能源” 以满足人类对能源的需求。 在各种可再生能源中氢能将有可能替代“化石能源”,成为未来能源利用的主要形式。氢能具有许多优点:①氢能燃烧时只生成水, 不产生任何污染物, 甚至连CO2也不会产生, 实现真正的“零污染” 和“零排放”;②氢能的能量密度高, 放热高达122 kJ/g, 是焦炭放热的4.5倍, 汽油的2.68倍;③氢能可经济有效的输送和储存, 可以利用已有的天然气管道输送, 输送成本低, 甚至优于输电, 因为输送氢能不会产生如电能输送过程中所产生的能量损耗;氢能的存储也比较简便, 其中储氢合金材料就是一种非常理想的储氢方法, 该方法储氢能力强、运输方便、操作容易, 且安全可靠。在利用储氢合金进行储氢时, 还可用以进行制冷或采暖(Kulkova et al., 2006), 因为储氢材料在吸氢时放热, 在放氢时吸热。正因为氢能具有如此多的优点, 许多大的跨国公司开始对制氢技术高度关注, 如主要汽车制造商(通用、福特、戴姆勒-克莱斯勒等)对开发以氢能作为燃料的汽车投入大量的人力和物力;宝马公司从20世纪70年代就开始研制以氢能为能源的汽车, 宝马公司现在已拥有了时速达240km的氢能汽车(Munro,2003)。同时, 一些发达国家的科研院所的科学家们对氢能的制备方法、制氢机制以及提高产氢量等进行了大量的研究。  相似文献   

Methane-dominated thermochemical sulphate reduction in the Triassic Feixianguan Formation East Sichuan Basin, China: towards prediction of fatal H₂S concentrations   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Chunfang Cai  Zengye Xie  Richard H. Worden  Guoyi Hu  Lansheng Wang  Hong He 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2004,21(10):1265-1279

New sour pools have recently found in the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Fm carbonate reservoirs in the East Sichuan Basin in China with H₂S up to 17.4% by volume. A recent blowout from a well drilled into this formation killed hundreds of people as a result of the percentage concentrations of H₂S. In order to assess the origin of fatal H₂S as well as the cause of petroleum alteration, H₂S concentrations and the isotopes, δ³⁴S and δ¹³C have been collected and measured in gas samples from reservoirs. Anhydrite, pyrite and elemental sulphur δ³⁴S values have been measured for comparison. The high concentrations of H₂S gas are found to occur at depths >3000 m (temperature now at 100 °C) in evaporated platform facies oolitic dolomite or limestone that contains anhydrite nodule occurrence within the reservoirs. Where H₂S concentrations are greater than 10% its δ³⁴S values lie between +12.0 and +13.2‰ CDT. This is within the range of anhydrite δ³⁴S values found within the Feixianguan Fm (+11.0 to +21.7‰; average 15.5±3.5‰ CDT). Thus H₂S must have been generated by thermochemical sulphate reduction (TSR) locally within the reservoirs. Burial history analysis and fluid inclusion data reveal that the temperature at which TSR occurred was greater than about 130–140 °C, suggesting that the present depth-temperature minimum is an artifact of post-TSR uplift. Both methane and ethane were actively involved in TSR since the petroleum became almost totally dry (no alkanes except methane) and methane δ¹³C values become significantly heavier as TSR proceeded. Methane δ¹³C difference thus reflects the extent of TSR. While it is tempting to use a present-day depth control (>3000 m) to predict the distribution of H₂S in the Feixianguan Fm, this is an invalid approach since TSR occurred when the formation was buried some 1000–2000 m deeper than it is at present. The likelihood of differential uplift across the basin means that it is important to develop a basinal understanding of the thermal history of the Feixianguan Fm so that it is possible to determine which parts of the basin have been hotter than 130–140 °C.  相似文献   

中国对虾人工诱导雌核发育的研究 Ⅱ.紫外线辐射对精子顶体反应和受精能力的影响     

陈本楠  蔡难儿  李光友 《海洋科学》1997,21(1):41-47

研究了 36 5 nm波长紫外线辐射中国对虾精子对其顶体反应和受精能力的影响。结果表明 ,低剂量紫外线辐射促进精子发生顶体反应 ,大剂量辐射使精子丧失发生顶体反应的生理机能并死亡。 36 5 nm波长紫外线能够透过精荚和纳精囊盖 ,对其内精子起到杀伤作用。精液稀释液在紫外线下辐射 5～ 8s,仍有部分精子具有受精能力 ,但胚胎在早期阶段即死亡。人工诱导雌核发育的过程中 ,紫外线辐射精液稀释液 5～ 8s,可获得遗传物质失活的精子 (激活源 )。经透射电镜观察分析 ,紫外线对精子遗传物质的损伤是一种使染色质变性的化学作用。  相似文献   

海水中痕量硅酸盐硅钼黄分析法研究     

刘文远  蔡兴远 《海洋学报》1982,4(3):384-389

海水中痕量硅酸盐常用硅钼黄法测定[1-4].本文进一步研究酸度对硅钼黄形成反应的影响,采用合理的高酸度以获得较高的灵敏度和稳定性,使盐效应校正系数降低至4%.试验用人工海水工作曲线,结果免除了盐效应校正手续.试验将反应试剂事先混合后一次加入,简化了分析操作,缩短了工作时间,减少了船上的工作量.监于硅酸盐可能有聚合及水解反应,曾试验本方法制备的硅标准溶液的稳定性,结果可稳定一年之久.  相似文献   

新建水坝对下游已建水工建筑物的影响分析     

宋子东 《海岸工程》2005,24(1):59-62

分析了新建水坝及社会经济发展因素对坝下游水流及泥沙的影响，用一个简易河床模型来说明新建大坝后下游河床的演变规律，通过坝下游河床一般演变分析来阐述局部冲刷对已建水工建筑物基础的影响及对已建水工建筑基础的防护措施。  相似文献