Interaction between a dam site and karst springs: The case of Supramonte (Central-East Sardinia, Italy)     

Jo De Waele   《Engineering Geology》2008,99(3-4):128

Sardinia is one of the Italian regions with the greatest number of dams per inhabitants, almost 60 for a population of only 1.5 million people. Many of these dam sites are located on non-carbonate rocks along the main rivers of the Island and their waters are used for irrigation, industrial, energy supply, drinking and flood regulation purposes.The Pedra 'e Othoni dam on the Cedrino river (Dorgali, Central-East Sardinia) is located along the threshold of the Palaeozoic basement on the Northern border of the Supramonte karst area, where water is forced to flow out of the system through several resurgences, the most famous of which is the Su Gologone vauclusian spring, used for drinking water supply. The other main outflows of the system, Su Tippari and San Pantaleo springs, are at present almost permanently submerged by the high water level of the Pedra 'e Othoni dam. In the near future water will be supplied also to other communities with a possible increase of water taken from the spring.The dam, originally meant to regulate the flooding of Cedrino river but actually used for all sorts of purposes (electricity supply, drinking water, irrigation of farmlands, industrial uses), has a maximum regulation altitude of 103 m a.s.l., only slightly less than a meter below the Su Gologone spring level (103.7 m), and 4 and 9 m respectively above the submerged Su Tippari and San Pantaleo springs.During floods of the Cedrino river, occurring on average twice a year, also the Su Gologone spring becomes submerged by the muddy waters of the lake for a time ranging between a couple of hours up to several days, making water supply impossible.The analysis of the available meteorological and hydrogeological data relative to the December 2004 flood, one of the severest of the past 100 years, suggests that the reservoir is filled in a few days time. Several flooding scenarios have been reconstructed using digital terrain models, showing that backflooding submerges most of the discharge area of the aquifer, having important repercussions also on the inland underground drainage system. The upstream flood prone areas prevalently comprise agricultural lands with some sparse houses, but also highly frequented tourist facilities. Fortunately flooding occurs outside the tourist season, thus limiting risk to a limited number of local inhabitants. Massive discharge at the dam site, instead, determines a more hazardous situation in the Cedrino coastal plain, where population density in low lying areas is much higher. To avoid flooding hazard upstream the water level in the lake should be regulated, keeping it low in the flood prone seasons, and having it filled from the end of the winter in order to have enough water stocked before the beginning of the summer. Discharge at the dam site, instead, should be done cautiously, preventing severe flooding of the coastal Cedrino plain.  相似文献   

Composition and thermal structure of the lithosphere beneath the Ethiopian plateau: evidence from mantle xenoliths in basanites, Injibara, Lake Tana Province     

S. Ferrando  M. L. Frezzotti  E.-R. Neumann  G. De Astis  A. Peccerillo  A. Dereje  Y. Gezahegn  A. Teklewold 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,93(1-2):47-78

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Mineralogical and geochemical characterisation of open-air tailing and waste-rock dumps from the Libiola Fe-Cu sulphide mine (Eastern Liguria,Italy)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P. Marescotti  C. Carbone  L. De Capitani  G. Grieco  G. Lucchetti  D. Servida 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(8):1613-1626

Active acid mine drainage (AMD) processes at the Libiola Fe-Cu sulphides mine are mainly triggered by water–rock interaction occurring within open-air tailing and waste-rock dumps. These processes are mainly controlled by exposure to weathering agents, the grain size of the dumped materials, and by the quantity of sulphides, the sulphide types, and their mode of occurrence. Due to these factors, several paragenetic stages of evolution have been recognised at different depths at different sites and within the same site. The dump samples were investigated with mineralogical (reflected- and transmitted-light optical microscopy, XRPD, and SEM-EDS) and geochemical (ICP-AES, Leco) techniques. The AMD evaluation of the tailing and waste-rock samples was performed by calculating the Maximum Potential Acidity, the Acid Neutralising Capacity, (and the Net Acid Producing Potential. The results allowed us to demonstrate that the open-air tailings had already superseded their AMD apex and are now practically inert material composed mainly of stable goethite ± lepidocrocite ± hematite assemblages. On the contrary, the sulphide-rich waste rocks still have a strong potential to produce long term AMD, causing the acidification of circulating waters and the release of several hazardous elements.  相似文献   

Multivariate analysis of contamination in the mining district of Linares (Jaén, Spain)     

J. Martínez Lpez  J. Llamas Borrajo  E. De Miguel García  J. Rey Arrans  Ma C. Hidalgo Estvez  A.J. Sez Castillo 《Applied Geochemistry》2008,23(8):2324-2336

Historically, a significant level of mining activity has taken place in the batholite-related metalogenic enclave of Linares (Jaén province, Spain), associated with Pb–Ag, Cu, Zn and Fe sulphides and Ba sulphate mineralization, though mining here has now been abandoned. Additionally, the area features a significant amount of urban, industrial and agricultural activities. These considerations, taken together, explain the need to assess the levels of concentration of trace elements and to determine their relationship with geogenic and anthropogenic factors. For geochemical characterisation of the soil, the region has been divided into 126 grid squares with an area of 1 km². For each grid square, 32 trace elements have been analysed. Elemental concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, As and Mn have been included in statistical analyses. According to the reference levels established by the Regional Government (Junta de Andalucía), soils in a large part of the study area require amendment applications. The comparison of the mean content for each grid square with the reference levels reveals a significant degree of contamination of the soil by Cu (719 mg kg⁻¹), Pb (22,964 mg kg⁻¹) and As (100 mg kg⁻¹) in those grid squares affected by metallurgic activities. By means of factor analysis, four scores have been identified which together account for 80% of the variance observed. The first score is highly correlated with the logarithms of the variables Fe, Th, La, Ti, Al, Na, K, Zr, Y, Nb, Be and Sc. It is a “natural” factor that indicates the type of soil matrix (fundamentally granites and, to a lesser degree, Triassic materials). The second score shows high correlation with the logarithms of the variables Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Co, Mn, As, Cd, Sb, Ba, W and Sn, and is the “metallization” factor related to the mineralization that has been exploited. The third score is mainly determined by the logarithms of the variables Sr, Ca and Mg. This is a “natural” factor that indicates a type of carbonate soil matrix (Miocene). Finally, the fourth factor groups the logarithms of the variables Ni, V and Cr, elements that are associated with the combustion of fossil fuels. Analysis of the patterns of each of the factors identified enabled achieving a global characterisation of the study area. Cluster analysis of the observations showed there to be five clusters relating to the grid squares, differentiated by lithologies and degrees of contamination. These clusters are used to determine the background of granite and to calculate the anomalous load.  相似文献   

Invited reply to the Comment on: “Geomorphological, paleontological and Sr/Sr isotope analyses on early Pleistocene paleoshorelines to define the uplift of Central Apennines (Italy)”     

Marco Mancini  Elisabetta D'Anastasio  Paolo Marco De Martini 《Quaternary Research》2008,69(1):165-167

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Active faulting and seismicity along the Siculo–Calabrian Rift Zone (Southern Italy)     

S. Catalano  G. De Guidi  C. Monaco  G. Tortorici  L. Tortorici   《Tectonophysics》2008,453(1-4):177

Southern Italy is dominated by extensional tectonics that in the Calabrian arc and Eastern Sicily produced the development of the Siculo–Calabrian Rift Zone (SCRZ). This zone is represented by a ≈ 370 km-long fault belt consisting of 10 to 50 km long distinct fault segments which extend both offshore and on land being also responsible of the crustal seismicity of this region. The geological and morphological observations indicate that the active normal faults of the SCRZ are characterized by throw-rates ranging from 0.7 to 3.1 mm/a. They accommodate an almost uniform horizontal extension-rate of about 3.0 mm/a along a WNW–ESE regional extension direction. Based on our field observations and following empirical relationships between magnitude and surface rupture length connections between large crustal earthquakes and distinct fault segments of the SCRZ have been also tentatively tested. Our data indicate moreover that the magnitudes (M) of the historical and instrumental earthquakes are consistent with the estimated values and that the geometry and kinematics of the fault segments and the related different crustal features of the SCRZ control the different seismic behaviours of adjacent portions of the active rift zone.  相似文献   

云南个旧卡房矽卡岩型铜(锡)矿Re-Os年龄及其地质意义   总被引：36，自引：13，他引：23  

杨宗喜  毛景文  陈懋弘  童祥  武俊德  程彦博  赵海杰 《岩石学报》2008,24(8)

云南个旧超大型锡多金属矿田是一个驰名中外的超大型锡多金属矿田,卡房是该矿田的一个重要的铜(锡)矿床.本文利用Re-Os同住素定年方法对卡房矽卡岩型矿体中5件辉钼矿样品进行了成矿时代测定,获得辉钼矿Re-Os同位素模式年龄为82.95±1.16Ma～83.54±1.31Ma,等时线年龄为83.4±2.1 Ma.该年龄和老卡岩体的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄85±0.85Ma相吻合,表明成岩和成矿关系密切.辉钼矿Re含量显示成矿过程有地壳和地幔的共同参与.该Re-Os定年结果显示个旧卡房矽卡岩型铜(锡)矿床与云南都龙锡锌矿床、云南白牛厂银多金属矿床、广西大厂锡多金属矿床以及广西王社铜钨矿床的成矿年龄接近,表明这些矿床的形成受控于相同的地球动力学背景,同为华南中生代晚期大规模成矿作用的产物.  相似文献   

公路路面质量遥感监测研究进展     

潘一凡  张显峰  童庆禧  孙敏  罗伦 《遥感学报》2017,21(5):796-811

公路路面质量的好坏对行车安全性、舒适性、经济性有重要的影响,因此路面状况的监测对于公路交通的健康发展具有重要意义。遥感技术作为一种新兴的数据采集手段,具有图像覆盖范围大、时效性强、信息客观现实、可重复使用、便于计算机分析等优势,为解决大范围的路面监测问题提供了强有力的支持。本文综述了现有基于遥感技术的道路路面状况监测方法,对其中存在的问题进行了分析和探讨。遥感技术在路面状况监测中具有广泛的应用前景,部分技术已经成熟并在公路养护作业中广泛使用,例如路面监测管理系统、探地雷达等;但是仍有部分技术还存在着鲁棒性差、精度较低等问题,还需要进一步的研究探索,如路面光谱分析、基于机载和星载的路面状况遥感监测应用的适用性等。本文最后给出了一种基于多端元混合像元分解模型的沥青路面老化状况监测与评估方法的研究实例。实验结果证明该方法可有效区分沥青公路路面混合像元中不同老化状况的沥青路面,为大范围路面老化状况监测提供了一种技术途径。  相似文献   

多维遥感数据时空谱一体化存储结构设计     

张立福  陈浩  孙雪剑  付东杰  童庆禧 《遥感学报》2017,21(1):62-73

卫星遥感技术为我们研究全球变化提供了时间、空间、光谱多维度的海量遥感大数据,目前还没有一种针对遥感数据的多维度的特性设计的一体化存储结构。本文提出了一种多维遥感数据的组织方式,设计了SPAtial-Temporal-Spectral(SPATS)时空谱多维遥感数据一体化存储结构,定义了5种多维数据存储格式:Temporal Sequential in Band(TSB)、Temporal Sequential in Pixel(TSP)、Temporal Interleaved by Band(TIB)、Temporal Interleaved by Pixel(TIP)和Temporal Interleaved by Spectrum(TIS),设计了Multi-dimensional Data Analysis(MDA)多维数据分析模块,实现了长时间序列遥感影像的时空谱多维一体化存储,并能够进行不同维度的数据分析与显示,构建了基于不同光谱指数的时间谱影像立方体,为时空谱多维遥感数据的综合与表征提供数据组织解决方案。  相似文献   

Crowdsourcing a cyclist perspective on suggested recreational paths in real-world networks     

Kevin Baker  Kristien Ooms  Steven Verstockt  Pascal Brackman  Philippe De Maeyer  Rik Van de Walle 《制图学和地理信息科学》2017,44(5):422-435

ABSTRACT

Routing and navigation services for leisure activities are conditioned by special needs and trade-offs. The advent of online communities and large crowdsourced datasets offers opportunities to improve the adoption of a user’s perspective in these suggested paths. This paper focuses on achieving two goals. First, the presented methodology analyses a dataset of 190,610 historical GPS traces to gain insights into the appreciation or attractiveness of each edge in a real-world network for a specific leisure activity (i.e. road cycling). Second, as literature on these leisure activities is still sparse, we want to create a thorough understanding of the activities at hand for future work. An appreciation model is proposed and the spread of this score is analyzed in shortest-path alternatives of popular routing engines for this activity. This analysis successfully discriminates these shortest paths based on the scoring value and three morphological parameters of the path. However, the robustness of the model should be improved to ensure the viability of the proposed approach in future work. More specifically, further research on the local optimality of the route choices will be imperative.  相似文献