对俯冲带深震成因的探讨   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

宁杰远  臧绍先 《地震学报》1999,21(5):523-532

根据一种准动力学计算方案,用有限元方法计算了不同模型俯冲带的热结构．在此基础上计算了俯冲带的密度分布和P波速度异常．通过与地震波探测结果和实验室破裂实验结果的对比,指出400 km以下俯冲带的地震可能由反裂纹机制所控制．   相似文献   

Study on the velocity structure of the crust in Southwest Yunnan of the north-south seismic belt—Results from the Menghai-Gengma-Lushui deep seismic sounding profile   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ShuaiJun Wang  BaoJin Liu  JianShi Zhang  BaoFeng Liu  YuLing Duan  XiangHui Song  XiaoGuo Deng  CeJun Ma  YiRan Zang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2015,58(12):2175-2187

Southwest Yunnan, located in the southern segment of the north-south seismic belt, is one of the regions with strong tectonic movement and seismic activity in China. Study on the characteristics of tectonic setting and deep geophysical field in the region is an important issue in basic science. In 2013, we conducted a 600-km-long Menghai-Gengma-Lushui profile of deep seismic wide-angle reflection/refraction and high-resolution seismic refraction in Southwest Yunnan. In this paper, we use 6 groups of clear intracrustal P-wave phases picked from the seismic record sections of 11 shots to build a velocity structure model of basement and 2D crustal P-wave of the region by using finite difference inversion and ray travel time forward fitting technology. The results show that, from south to north, the crust gradually thickens along the profile and its basement shows a significant lateral heterogeneity. In the vicinity of the Nanting River fault, the basement structure shows the character of alternate depressions and uplifts, and the shallowest basement is about 1.0 km. In the vicinity of Tengchong and Lancang, the basement is about 5.0 km deep. The velocity of the middle and lower crust in the region generally increases with the increasing of depth. At the block boundary and beneath the fault tectonic belt, the velocity contours show apparent irregularity and the P-wave velocity changes sharply. In this region, the Moho gradually deepens from south to north with relatively large lateral undulations. The shallowest point of the Moho is located near Menghai at a depth of about 32.0 km. The deepest point of the Moho is located near Tengchong at a depth of about 40.5 km. Between Gengma and Yongde, the Moho shows significantly fast uplifting and depressing with an amplitude of about 4.0 km. Beneath the Nanting River fault, Longling-Ruili fault, Dayingjiang fault and Tengchong volcano, the basement velocity structure, 2D crustal P-wave velocity structure, distribution of average profile velocity and intracrustal interface spreading also show significant changes from the basement to the top of the Moho, indicating that the crustal velocity and medium physical properties beneath the fault tectonic belt are apparently different from the crustal materials on its both sides, which suggests that these faults should be in a certain scale and may extend to the lower crust or the top of the upper mantle. The earthquakes in the region mainly occurred at a depth of 10–20 km, and the seismic activity is related to the intracrustal medium velocity difference and fault belt distribution. The results can serve as the important data of the crust-mantle structure for the analysis of the deep tectonic setting, earthquake precise positioning, seismogenic structure modeling of the seismic activities in Southwest Yunnan, as well as the important reference for the evaluation of seismic hazard and the planning of earthquake disaster mitigation of this region.  相似文献   

Mining-Induced Stress Transfer and Its Relation to a \text{M}_w 1.9 Seismic Event in an Ultra-deep South African Gold Mine     

Moritz Ziegler  Karsten Reiter  Oliver Heidbach  Arno Zang  Grzegorz Kwiatek  Dietrich Stromeyer  Torsten Dahm  Georg Dresen  Gerhard Hofmann 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2015,172(10):2557-2570

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基于CLUE-S模型的辽河流域景观格局空间分布模拟     

王鑫  刘伟玲  张丽  张林波  郑娇琦 《地球信息科学学报》2014,16(6):925-932

基于CLUE-S模型,以辽河流域为研究区,利用2000年和2010年两期土地利用数据,采用Logistic逐步回归方程ROC曲线,选择高程、距离、土壤等8种驱动因子,对2010年景观格局进行模拟,并依据2010景观格局、相应的辽河流域土地利用规划,设置3种不同情景,进行2010-2020年景观格局模拟。研究表明：(1)模拟的2010年景观格局,kappa精度达到90%以上,表明CLUE-S模型在辽河流域具有良好的景观格局模拟能力。(2)辽河流域在不同情境下,建设用地均出现不同程度的增加,耕地出现不同程度减少。其中,情景2中,森林有所减少,耕地转化幅度较大,建设用地围绕辽河流域城镇带建设逐步扩展,集中在沈阳、抚顺、鞍山等工业发达城市;情景3中,森林、湿地逐步扩大,表现在东部退耕还林,南部紧靠辽海入口湿地增加。研究结论可为未来辽河流域的生态保护建设及景观格局合理规划提供参考依据。  相似文献   

利用遥感数据评价燃煤电厂空气质量   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

武卫玲  陈良富  陶金花  闫欢欢 《遥感学报》2013,17(5):1235-1245

卫星观测数据可以评价燃煤电厂的空气质量等级。NO₂、SO₂ 和烟尘是燃煤电厂排放的主要污染物,本文利用卫星遥感观测的NO₂、SO₂和气溶胶光学厚度AOD(Aerosol Optical Depth)开展燃煤电厂空气质量评价。以中国华北地区为实验区,分析对比了3种污染物不同时间分辨率和空间分辨率的污染状况,确定了单因子的5级分级标准,根据燃煤电厂排放污染物的权重不同,提出了评价近地表空气质量状况的模型。本文综合考虑3种污染因子来反映电厂空气质量,有利于提高评价的准确性以及反应信息的全面性。结果表明,该模型能正确反映不同地区电厂的空气质量特点。  相似文献   

Accuracy assessment of approaches to spatially explicit reconstruction of historical cropland in Songnen Plain,Northeast China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Lanqi Jiang  Lijuan Zhang  Shuying Zang  Xuezhen Zhang 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(2):219-229

To understand historical human-induced land use/cover change (LUCC) and its climatic effects, it is essential to reconstruct historical land use/cover changes with explicit spatial information. In this study, based on the historically documented cropland area at county level, we reconstructed the spatially explicit cropland distribution at a cell size of 1 km × 1 km for the Songnen Plain in the late Qing Dynasty (1908 AD). The reconstructions were carried out using two methods. One method (hereafter, referred to as method I) allocated the cropland to cells ordered from a high agricultural suitability index (ASI) to a low ASI, but they were all within the domain of potential cropland area. The potential cropland area was created by excluding natural woodland, swamp, water bodies, and mountains from the study area. The other method (hereafter, method II) allocated the cropland to cells in the order from high ASI to low ASI within the domain of cropland area in 1959. This method was based on the hypothesis that the cropland area domain in 1959 resulted from enlargement of the cropland area domain in 1908. We then compared these two reconstructions. We found that the cropland distributions reconstructed by the two methods exhibit a similar spatial distribution pattern. Both reconstructions show that the cropland was mostly found in the southern and eastern parts of the Songnen Plain. The two reconstructions matched each other for about 68% of the total cropland area. By spatially comparing the unmatched cropland cells of the two reconstructions with the settlements for each county, we found that unmatched cropland cells from method I are closer to settlements than those from method II. This finding suggests that reconstruction using method I may have less bias than reconstruction with method II.  相似文献   

Quantitative characterization and comprehensive evaluation of regional water resources using the Three Red Lines method   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Zheng Zang  Xinqing Zou  Xu Xi  Yu Zhang  Defeng Zheng  Caizhi Sun 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(4):397-414

Based on the synergetic development of new industrialization, rapid urbanization and agricultural modernization (IUAM), and from the viewpoint of interactive relationships between water resources and regional population, eco-environment, economy and society, the concepts of water resources intensity (WRI), water environment intensity (WEI), water resources relative efficiency (WRRE) and water environment relative efficiency (WERE) are defined with reference to energy intensity, resources efficiency and environment efficiency theory. On the basis of benchmarking theory, the quantitative characterization and evaluation method of “Three Red Lines” (the upper limit of water resources allocation, the baseline of utilization efficiency of water resources and the upper limit of sewage discharge) is proposed. According to these concepts and models, an empirical analysis of the Three Red Lines of water resources on the Chinese mainland between 2003 and 2012 was carried out. The results showed that total water consumption in eastern, central and western parts of China possesses “club convergence” characteristics, which means these areas have similar internal conditions appeared convergence in the development. Inter-provincial differences in water consumption continue to decrease, but the north–south differentiation characteristics in the eastern and central regions were still relatively obvious, while provincial differences in the eastern part were at a minimum and the central region had the largest. Water Resources Efficiency (WRE) of all four sectors in the Southwest rivers and Huaihe River basins were generally high. Industrial WRRE in the Songhua River, Yangtze River and Pearl River basins, agricultural WRRE in the Songhua River, Yellow River and northwestern river basins and domestic WRRE in the Liaohe River, Yangtze River and Pearl River basins were all low. Eco-environmental WRRE in the southeastern rivers and Yangtze River basins were low but showed an upward trend. Other river basins, except for the Northwestern rivers basin, had high eco-environmental WRRE with a downward trend. Western China, especially the northwestern part, had a low relative intensity of the water environment (WERI) and high integrated water environment management (IWEM) performance, but the relative intensities of the water resources (WRRI) were fairly high, and the comprehensive performance of integrated water resources management (IWRM) in these regions was low. In southern China, especially the southeastern part, the IWEM was fairly high, but the overall IWRM was lower.  相似文献   

中国地幔结构及物性研究的进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

臧绍先  周蕙兰  魏荣强 《地震学报》2008,30(5):525-532

对2004——2007年中国地球物理学家在地幔内部结构和物质性质方面的研究工作进行了总结. 对地幔结构的地震波速度成像,地幔介质的各向异性,地幔间断面,地幔对流,以及地幔介质物性进行了综述,指出了各方面的主要内容,使用的主要方法和主要结果. 从这4年的研究可以发现,一些原有的研究领域工作更加深入,方法更加先进,而且进行了广泛的国际合作,合作的范围也逐渐扩大,方式多样,并出现了一些新的研究方向.   相似文献   

Impact of urbanization on hydrological processes under different precipitation scenarios     

Zang  Wenbin  Liu  Shu  Huang  Shifeng  Li  Jiren  Fu  Yicheng  Sun  Yayong  Zheng  Jingwei 《Natural Hazards》2019,99(3):1233-1257

Natural Hazards - According to analysing the trends of land use changes in the upper reaches of Minjiang River in the past 30 years and precipitation in the last 50 years, nine...  相似文献   

多孔介质储层表征技术在塔中地区上奥陶统礁滩储层中的应用     

李维岭  乔占峰  邓兴梁  倪新锋  张正红 《现代地质》2017,31(2):315

多孔介质储层表征技术应用岩心分析、测井分析、地震分析、岩样实验分析、生产动态分析等多种分析方法,表征不同尺度储集空间及其组合特征,最终评价有利储层。应用该技术,识别塔中地区北斜坡奥陶系良里塔格组孔隙型、孔洞型、孔隙-孔洞型、缝洞型和孔缝洞型5类储层,并表征了各类储层的孔喉结构、孔渗性和产能特征。结果表明：孔隙-孔洞型储层的孔喉结构发育大孔大喉的孔喉结构,优于孔隙型和孔洞型储层;裂缝对各类储层起到改善作用,裂缝的发育增加了储层孔渗性和连通性;储层产能特征受储层类型及规模影响,台缘孔缝洞型、孔隙-孔洞型储层以高产稳产为特征,台内缝洞型储层以中产较稳产为特征,台内孔洞型储层以中低产不稳产为特征。各类储集空间组合类型中,台缘孔缝洞型、孔隙-孔洞型储层是最有利储层,台内缝洞型是目前台内勘探的主要类型,台内孔隙型、孔洞型储层在裂缝发育情况下可以形成潜力储层。  相似文献