Younger and older zircons from rocks of the oceanic lithosphere in the Central Atlantic and their geotectonic implications   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. G. Skolotnev  V. E. Bel’tenev  E. N. Lepekhina  I. S. Ipat’eva 《Geotectonics》2010,44(6):462-492

Local U-Pb dating of zircons separated from various rocks in the crest zone of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) and Carter Seamount (Sierra Leone Rise) is performed. Younger zircons formed in situ in combination with older xenogenic zircons are revealed in enriched basalts, alkaline volcanic rocks, gabbroic rocks, and plagiogranites. Only older zircons are found in depleted basalts and peridotites. Older zircons are ubiquitous in the young oceanic lithosphere of the Central Atlantic. The age of the younger zircons from the crest zone of the MAR ranges from 0.38 to 11.26 Ma and progressively increases receding from the axial zone of the ridge. This fact provides additional evidence for spreading of the oceanic floor. The rate of half-spreading calculated from the age of the studied zircons is close to the rate of half-spreading estimated from magnetic anomalies. The age of the younger zircons from Carter Seamount (58 Ma) corresponds to the age of the volcanic edifice. Older zircons make up an age series from 53 to 3200 Ma. Clusters of zircons differing in age reveal quasiperiodicity of about 200 Ma, which approximately corresponds to the global tectonic epochs in the geological evolution of the Earth. Several age groups of older zircons combine grains close in morphology and geochemistry: (1) Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic (53–700 Ma) prismatic grains with slightly resorbed faces, well-preserved or translucent oscillatory zoning, and geochemical features inherent to magmatic zircons; (2) prismatic grains dated at 1811 Ma with resorbed faces and edges, fragmentary or translucent zoning, and geochemical features inherent to magmatic zircons; (3) ovoid and highly resorbed prismatic grains with chaotic internal structure and metamorphic geochemical parameters; the peak of their ages is 1880 Ma. The performed study indicates that older xenogenic zircons from young rocks in the crest zone of the MAR were captured by melt or incorporated into refractory restite probably in the sublithospheric mantle at the level of magma generation in the asthenosphere. It is suggested that zircons could have crystallized from the melts repeatedly migrating through the asthenosphere during geological history or were entrapped by the asthenosphere together with blocks of disintegrated and delaminated continental lithosphere in the process of breakup of the continents older than Gondwana. The variability in the age of older zircons even within individual samples may be regarded as evidence for active stirring of matter as a result of periodically arising and destroyed within-asthenospheric convective flows varying in orientation and scale.  相似文献   

Mass distribution of lyrid meteoroids     

O. I. Bel’kovich  M. G. Ishmukhametova 《Solar System Research》2010,44(4):320-326

Long-term visual observations of the Lyrid meteoroid shower have been analyzed to determine the mass distribution of Lyrid meteoroids. The value of the parameter S has been confirmed to be less than 1.8, which is normally assumed for meteoroid streams. The inclination of the descending and ascending branches of the S curve, depending on the longitude of the Sun, does not seem to exceed 3°. Observations carried out from 1987 until 2007 reveal that the minimum value of S corresponding to the longitude of the Sun 32.19 ± 0.04° is equal to 1.54 ± 0.02 (2000.0). The analysis of the S parameter derived from visual observations did not discover any particularities in the mass distribution of the meteoroids in the stream connected with the assumed 12-year enhancement period in the activity of the Lyrids.  相似文献   

Evidence for the Lower Continental Crustal Origin of the Xihuashan Granite     

L.Le Bel  G.Giuliani 《《地质学报》英文版》1986,60(3):47-64

The Xihuashan granite is typically representative of the tungsten-bearing granites widespread in theNanling area of South China. It was considered in the past to have been formed by partial melting of the upper continental crust, with its source rocks most probably of the Sinian or Cambrian. However, detailed REE analyses, studies of the Rb-Sr isotopic system and melting experiments of metasedimentary rocks all argue against this idea. Moreover, stable isotopic data also indicate a deep source origin for S, C, H and O. The authors thus propose a genetic concept of the lower continental crustal source of the Xihuashan granite, and point out further that tungsten deposits related to this kind of granite are linked in some way to deep-seated structure and concentrated along NNE-NE- and ENE-striking major deep fault belts above the transitional zone between mantle uplift and mantle depression.  相似文献   

Granitic evolution of the Xihuashan-Dangping (Jiangxi,China) Tungsten-Bearing system   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Dr. L. Le Bel  Dr. Li Yi-dou  Dr. Sheng Ji-fou 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1984,33(3):149-167

Summary Geochemical investigations have been carried out on the granites associated with the intragranitic wolframite vein type deposits of Xihuashan and Dangping (Jiangxi, China). The behaviour of major elements during evolution is identical to that of many evolved granites in orogenic provinces but trace elements and in particular REE indicate a complex magmatic and deuteric evolution. Partial melting or fractional crystallization fail to explain LREE and Eu depletions and HREE enrichments which are more likely due to volatile transfer. Sr isotopes give an age of 155±2 Ma and an initial ratio of 0.7169 excluding the involvement of wall-rock material in the generation of the granites. In addition they indicate that waters involved in the metasomatic and hydrothermal processes are not meteoric but rather magmatic. Suggestions for employment of the distinctive granite REE patterns for prospecting are given.

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Evolution der Granite im Gebiet der Wolframit-Lagerstätten von Xihuashan-Dangping (Jiangxi, China)

Zusammenfassung Die Wolframgänge von Xihuashan and Dangping (Jiangxi, China) setzen in granitischen Gesteinen auf. Die geochemische Untersuchung der Granite läßt eine Evolution der Hauptelemente erkennen, die identisch mit der von Graniten in Orogen-Provinzen ist. Die Verteilung der Spurenelemente und besonders der SEE weist jedoch auf eine komplexe magmatische und deuterische Entwicklung hin. Partielle Aufschmelzung oder fraktionierte Kristallisation können die Verarmung an LSEE und Eu und die Anreicherung an HSEE nicht erklären; letztere sind eher auf Transport in volatiler Phase zurückzuführen. Geologische Untersuchungen ergeben auf der Basis von Strontium-Isotopen ein Alter von 155±2 Mio. Jahren und ein Initialverhältnis von 0,7169; dies schließt die Beteiligung von Nebengestein bei der Granitgenese aus. Darüber hinaus zeigen diese Ergebnisse, daß die für hydrothermale und metasomatische Prozesse verantwortlichen Wässer magmatischen Ursprungs sind. Bestimmte Verteilungsmuster der SEE in Graniten lassen sich als Hilfmittel bei der Prospektion verwenden.

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With 9 Figures  相似文献   

Sunspot-like and ENSO/NAO-like periodicities in lacustrinelaminated sediments of the Pliocene Villarroya Basin (La Rioja,Spain)     

Arsenio Muñoz  Jorge Ojeda  Belén Sánchez-Valverde 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2002,27(4):453-463

This is a study of an extremely good outcrop of 1745 varves inthe Villarroya Pliocene Basin (Spain). The thicknesses of the light and darklayers, which were obtained from enlarged photograph negatives, are dealt withseparately, and three time series, of light, dark, and the sum of both layers,are performed. Periodicities of about 12, 6–7 and 2–3 years havebeen obtained. The origin of the recurrent behaviour of the sediments withthese periods could be related to natural phenomena like sunspot cycles, ElNiño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) andQuasi-biennial Oscillation (QBO), as these phenomena are capable of modulatingthe climate in this frequency band. From our point of view, there could be aclose relationship between sedimentation in the Villarroya Basin and thesenatural phenomena, which is moved through climate. The light layers record therun-off of gastropods, ostracods and charophytes from a seasonal productivitycycle, and are generated during late summer and autumn. It seems clear that theclimatic information provided by these cycles corresponds mainly to summertime, which would be translated into a variation of the light layer thicknessdue to a more or less intense development of the flora and fauna, being thickerin years of higher temperatures and thinner in years of lower temperatures.Considering the results, we would suggest that the sedimentation of thesematerials in the Pliocene was driven by solar activity or/and ENSO, NAO, andQBO phenomena. Nowadays these phenomena produce rainfall and temperaturechanges with the cyclicities shown in this study and we think they could haveoperated in the same way in Pliocene times.  相似文献   

Machine learning innovations in address matching: A practical comparison of word2vec and CRFs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sam Comber  Daniel Arribas‐Bel 《Transactions in GIS》2019,23(2):334-348

Record linkage is a frequent obstacle to unlocking the benefits of integrated (spatial) data sources. In the absence of unique identifiers to directly join records, practitioners often rely on text‐based approaches for resolving candidate pairs of records to a match. In geographic information science, spatial record linkage is a form of geocoding that pertains to the resolution of text‐based linkage between pairs of addresses into matches and non‐matches. These approaches link text‐based address sequences, integrating sources of data that would otherwise remain in isolation. While recent innovations in machine learning have been introduced in the wider record linkage literature, there is significant potential to apply machine learning to the address matching sub‐field of geographic information science. As a response, this paper introduces two recent developments in text‐based machine learning—conditional random fields and word2vec—that have not been applied to address matching, evaluating their comparative strengths and drawbacks.  相似文献   

New insights into asymmetric folding by means of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility,Variscan and Pyrenean folds (SW Pyrenees)     

Belén Oliva-Urcia  Inma Gil-Peña  Ruth Soto  José María Samsó  Borja Antolín  Emilio L. Pueyo 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2018,62(2):291-322

Magnetic fabric allows to unravel the petrofabrics of sedimentary rocks and to assess their deformational history. The use of this technique, in addition to classical structural field observations in the limbs of seven asymmetric folds in the Pyrenees, helps to determine the differences of internal deformation as well as the folding kinematics. Three folds developed during the Variscan Orogeny in Ordovician and Devonian rocks, and four folds developed during the Pyrenean Orogeny in Eocene rocks, are studied. Folds show a variety of structural locations, in different thrust sheets of the Southern Central Pyrenees, different cleavage development, age, geometry and lithology. Sampling follows an equivalent lithological layer in the two limbs, except for one case, of the selected folds. Results show a modified tectonic magnetic fabric in most sites with the magnetic lineation on the tectonic foliation plane. A larger scattering of the magnetic lineation (maximum magnetic anisotropy axis) and a higher intensity of the preferred orientation of minerals (eccentricity of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility - AMS ellipsoid) is better observed in the overturned (short) limb of the asymmetric Variscan folds than in the normal (long) limb. On the other hand, the shape parameter in Alpine folds is generally larger in the overturned (short) limb then in the normal (long) one. A good clustering of the minimum magnetic anisotropy axes is observed in all limbs. The combination of the AMS data with the structural data helps to understand and better constrain the deformation degree in these asymmetric folds and to unravel the deformational history.  相似文献   

Modelling the spatio-temporal repartition of right-truncated data: an application to avalanche runout altitudes in Hautes-Savoie     

A.?LavigneEmail author  N.?Eckert  L.?Bel  M.?Deschatres  E.?Parent 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2017,31(3):629-644

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for generating avalanche hazard maps based on the spatial dependence of avalanche runout altitudes. The right-truncated data are described with a Bayesian hierarchical model in which the spatio-temporal process is assumed to be the sum of independent spatial and temporal terms. Topography is roughly taken into account according to valley altitude and path exposition, and the spatial dependence is modelled with a Matérn covariance function. An application is performed to the Haute-Savoie region, French Alps. A spatial dependence in runout altitudes is identified, and an effective range of about 10 km is inferred. The temporal trend extracted highlights the increase of avalanche runout altitudes from 1955, attributed to both anthropogenic factors and climate warming. In a cross validation scheme, spatial predictions are provided on undocumented paths using kriging equations. All in all, although our model is unable to take into account small topographic features, it is a first-ever approach that produces very encouraging results. It could be enhanced in future work by incorporating a numerical physically-based code into the modelling.  相似文献   

On the Fifth International Conference “Sea Mammals of the Holarctic”     

V. M. Bel’kovich 《Oceanology》2009,49(5):740-741

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Phytoplankton-pigment signatures and their relationship to spring–summer stratification in the Gulf of Gabes     

M. Bel Hassen  A. Hamza  Z. Drira  A. Zouari  F. Akrout  S. Messaoudi  L. Aleya  H. Ayadi 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

We investigated the phytoplankton dynamics (determined by CHEMTAX analysis of HPLC pigment data) and its relationships with nutrients and water column structure, during two oceanographic cruises in May–June and September 2006 in the Gulf of Gabes (south-eastern Mediterranean). The May–June cruise coincided with the beginning of the summer stratification, while a strong stratification occurred in September with a more than 30 m deepening of the thermocline, and a reduction of the euphotic depth. This strong stratification resulted in a shift in nitrogen sources from nitrates to ammonium as well as phosphate depletion (0.2 μM) and a decrease in silicate concentrations (<2 μM). With the exception of chlorophyll a, pigment concentrations were higher in September than in May–June samplings. The pico- and nanophytoplankton were the major contributors to phytoplankton total biomass, accounting for 90% and 87% of total chlorophyll a in May–June and September, respectively. Picoplankton persisted throughout the entire survey, occupying different depth layers. Chlorophytes were present at substantial amounts (average 23% of total chlorophyll a) during May–June; however, they declined in September (average 5%). Diatoms were overall poorly represented in this study (2% of total chlorophyll a), due probably to silicate shortage. Apparently, the nutrient availability, but also the water column stability seemed to be among the major factors determining phytoplankton dynamics. Indeed, cyanobacteria were prominent in surface samples during the period of strong stratification, whereas the relative contribution of chlorophytes decreased, probably due to low phosphate availability.  相似文献