Energy–Momentum In The Viscous Kasner-Type Universe In Teleparallel Gravity     

Mustafa?SaltiEmail author 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,299(2):159-166

Using the teleparallel gravity versions of the Einstein and Landau–Lifshitz’s energy and/or momentum complexes, I obtain the energy and momentum of the universe in viscous Kasner-type cosmological models. The energy and momentum components (due to matter plus field) are found to be zero and this agree with a previous work of Rosen and Johri et al., who investigated the problem of the energy in Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) universe. The result that the total energy and momentum components of the universe in these models is zero same as Bergmann–Thomson’s energy–momentum and props the viewpoint of Tryon. Rosen found that the energy of the FRW space–time is zero, which agrees with the studies of Tryon. PACs Numbers: 04.20.-q; 04.50.+h An erratum to this article is available at .  相似文献   

Energy Of The Universe In Bianchi-Type I Models In MØLler’S Tetrad Theory Of Gravity     

Oktay?Aydo?duEmail author  Mustafa?Salti 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,299(3):227-232

In this paper, using the energy definition in MØller’s tetrad theory of gravity we calculate the total energy of the universe in Bianchi-type I cosmological models which includes both the matter and gravitational fields. The total energy is found to be zero and this result agrees with a previous works of Banerjee and Sen who investigated this problem using the general relativity version of the Einstein energy-momentum complex and Xulu who investigated same problem using the general relativity versions of the Landau and lifshitz, Papapetrou and Weinberg’s energy-momentum complexes. The result that total energy of the universe in Bianchi-type I universes is zero supports the viewpoint of Tryon.  相似文献   

Origin and source regions of PM₁₀ in the Eastern Mediterranean atmosphere     

Mustafa Koak  Nikos Mihalopoulos  Nilgün Kubilay 《Atmospheric Research》2009,92(4):464-474

A set of daily PM₁₀ (n = 281) samples collected from April 2001 to April 2002 at a rural site (Erdemli), located on the coast of the Eastern Mediterranean, were analyzed applying Mass Closure (MC), absolute principal factor analysis (APFA) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) to determine source contributions. The results from the three techniques were compared to identify the similarities and differences in the sources and source contributions. Source apportionment analysis indicated that PM₁₀ were mainly originated from natural sources (sea salt + crustal ≈ 60%) whilst secondary aerosols and residual oil burning accounted for approximately 20% and 10% of the total PM₁₀ mass, respectively. Calculations for sulfate showed that on average 8% and 12% of its total concentration were originated from sea salt and biogenic emissions, respectively. However, the contribution by biogenic emissions may reach up to a maximum of ~ 40% in the summer. Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) analysis for identification of source regions showed that the Saharan desert was the main source area for crustal components. For secondary aerosol components the analysis revealed one source region, (i.e. the south-Eastern Black Sea), whereas for residual oil, Western Europe and the western Balkans areas were found to be the main source regions.  相似文献   

Incorporating the Istanbul-Ankara high-speed railway into the Belt and Road Initiative: Negotiation,institutional alignment and regional development     

Seth SCHINDLER  Mustafa Kemal BAYIRBA 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(5):747-762

This article contributes to a small but growing body of multi-sited and multi-scalar research on the Belt and Road Initiative.We focus on relations at the national,regional and international scales,and present original research from China and Turkey,to show how the Istanbul-Ankara high-speed railway has served as a testing ground for China's Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).Its construction was initially funded by the European Investment Bank,but it is now part of the backbone of the Turkish Government's Middle Corridor plan which enhances west-east connectivity and integration with the Caucasus and Central Asia.We show that in contrast to multinational corporations from the OECD that seek to remain footloose,Chinese state-owned enterprises(SOEs)seek to adapt to,apprehend and ultimately shape local in-stitutions.In the case of Turkey this proved difficult given its institutional alignment with the European Union.Thus,while the railway project was completed successfully by a consortium led by a Chinese SOE,Turkey's dynamic and complex regulatory environment discourages Chinese SOEs in the infrastructure sector.We conclude that the Turkish and Chinese gov-ernments are currently pursuing complementary territorial visions yet their cooperation is project-based and pragmatic.  相似文献   

A Time Monte Carlo method for addressing uncertainty in land-use change models     

Ahmed Mustafa  Ismaïl Saadi  Mario Cools  Jacques Teller 《International journal of geographical information science》2018,32(11):2317-2333

One of the main objectives of land-use change models is to explore future land-use patterns. Therefore, the issue of addressing uncertainty in land-use forecasting has received an increasing attention in recent years. Many current models consider uncertainty by including a randomness component in their structure. In this paper, we present a novel approach for tuning uncertainty over time, which we refer to as the Time Monte Carlo (TMC) method. The TMC uses a specific range of randomness to allocate new land uses. This range is associated with the transition probabilities from one land use to another. The range of randomness is increased over time so that the degree of uncertainty increases over time. We compare the TMC to the randomness components used in previous models, through a coupled logistic regression-cellular automata model applied for Wallonia (Belgium) as a case study. Our analysis reveals that the TMC produces results comparable with existing methods over the short-term validation period (2000–2010). Furthermore, the TMC can tune uncertainty on longer-term time horizons, which is an essential feature of our method to account for greater uncertainty in the distant future.  相似文献   

Impact of sensor measurement error on sensor positioning in water quality monitoring networks   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Seong-Hee?Kim  Mustafa?M.?Aral  Yongsoon?Eun  Jisu?J.?Park  Chuljin?ParkEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2017,31(3):743-756

This paper studies the impact of sensor measurement error on designing a water quality monitoring network for a river system, and shows that robust sensor locations can be obtained when an optimization algorithm is combined with a statistical process control (SPC) method. Specifically, we develop a possible probabilistic model of sensor measurement error and the measurement error model is embedded into a simulation model of a river system. An optimization algorithm is used to find the optimal sensor locations that minimize the expected time until a spill detection in the presence of a constraint on the probability of detecting a spill. The experimental results show that the optimal sensor locations are highly sensitive to the variability of measurement error and false alarm rates are often unacceptably high. An SPC method is useful in finding thresholds that guarantee a false alarm rate no more than a pre-specified target level, and an optimization algorithm combined with the thresholds finds a robust sensor network.  相似文献   

The 2014 Earthquake Model of the Middle East: seismogenic sources     

Laurentiu Danciu  Karin Şeşetyan  Mine Demircioglu  Levent Gülen  Mehdi Zare  Roberto Basili  Ata Elias  Shota Adamia  Nino Tsereteli  Hilal Yalçın  Murat Utkucu  Muhammad Asif Khan  Mohammad Sayab  Khaled Hessami  Andrea N. Rovida  Massimiliano Stucchi  Jean-Pierre Burg  Arkady Karakhanian  Hektor Babayan  Mher Avanesyan  Tahir Mammadli  Mahmood Al-Qaryouti  Doğan Kalafat  Otar Varazanashvili  Mustafa Erdik  Domenico Giardini 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(8):3465-3496

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Tsunami risk assessment: economic,environmental and social dimensions     

Yavuz  Cuneyt  Kentel  Elcin  Aral  Mustafa M. 《Natural Hazards》2020,104(2):1413-1442

Natural Hazards - In this study, we present a novel methodology that may be used to analyze tsunami risk along coastal regions. The application of the proposed methodology is demonstrated for the...  相似文献   

Risk analysis of health,safety and environment in chemical industry integrating linguistic FMEA,fuzzy inference system and fuzzy DEA     

Jahangoshai Rezaee  Mustafa  Yousefi  Samuel  Eshkevari  Milad  Valipour  Mahsa  Saberi  Morteza 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2020,34(1):201-218

Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment - Organizations are continuously endeavoring to provide a healthy work environment without any incident, by Health, Safety, and Environment...  相似文献   

Mitigating the effects of sand dunes on seismic data from the Rub al Khali basin,Saudi Arabia     

Mustafa Al-Marzooq  Mamadou S. Diallo  Vincent Etienne  Thierry Tonellot  SanLinn I. Kaka 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(7):1825-1837

The Rub Al Khali region in Saudi Arabia is characterized by the presence of sand dunes separated by salt flats, also called Sabkhas. In general, the elevation of dunes in this region varies between 90 and 250 m above sea level. The presence of these sand dunes, along with the rapidly changing surface topography poses challenges for seismic data acquisition and processing. The high contrast in acoustic impedance between the dune base and the underlying formation often results in amplification of seismic waves that are recorded at stations located on the surface of sand dunes. Attempts to address the issue using conventional surface-consistent amplitude scaling methods without reducing these amplification effects generally fail, thus compromising the suitability of the processed data for amplitude versus offset analysis. In this study, we propose a new reference site technique to reduce the effects of sand dune amplification, enabling the production of data sets that are suitable for amplitude versus offset processing. The proposed technique uses a deterministic approach to derive surface-consistent, frequency-dependent de-amplification functions for shots and stations located on the dunes only. Two-dimensional synthetic and field data examples show that the technique significantly reduces the effects of sand dune amplification.  相似文献