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941.
942.
石羊河流域近50年最高最低气温变化分析 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
选取石羊河流域具有代表性的气象站近50 a的年、月最高最低气温观测数据,对春季、夏季、秋季、冬季及年最高最低气温序列进行直线拟合,分析了年和季节的变化规律,并对最高最低气温时间序列进行了小波分析和突变分析,分析了时间序列变化的周期性和突变性。结果表明:近50 a来石羊河流域最高气温和最低气温在所有的季节都是增高的,最低气温的增温趋势明显高于最高气温,且冬季最高最低气温增温最强,年的最低气温和最高气温的增温趋势和变化幅度明显,升温率分别为0.53℃/10 a和0.199℃/10 a;最高气温以25 a,20 a周期为主周期,最低气温具有一致性,年和季节都以25 a周期为显著,春季和冬季的最高最低气温主周期都是25 a,夏季的最高最低气温主周期都是20 a;年最高气温没有检测到显著的突变性,而年最低气温在1984年发生了突变,春季和冬季的最高气温分别在2003年和1986年发生突变,春季和夏季的最低气温都在2001年发生突变,秋季最高气温、最低气温和冬季最低气温的突变都发生在20世纪90年代初。 相似文献
943.
944.
湖北兴山大峡口剖面二叠系自下而上可以分为栖霞组、茅口组、吴家坪组和长兴组,总厚度为43372 m。该剖面岩石以石灰岩为主,含少量的白云岩、硅岩和页岩。石灰岩可进一步分为生屑石灰岩、生屑质石灰岩、含生屑石灰岩、泥(粉)晶石灰岩和眼球状石灰岩。眼球状石灰岩主要分布于栖霞组下部和茅口组中下部,为沉积作用和成岩作用的共同产物。白云岩主要是呈斑块状分布的石灰质白云岩,主要分布于长兴组上部,其可能为石灰岩经埋藏白云化作用而形成。硅岩呈结核状、团块状、条带状,为交代成因。根据岩性、古生物化石、沉积构造等相标志分析,划分出了滨岸、碳酸盐岩台地、盆地边缘和盆地等4种沉积环境,其中碳酸盐岩开阔台地内局部出现浅滩环境。沉积演化表明,该地区二叠纪发生了两次较大规模的海进、海退旋回,第1次海侵始于中二叠世栖霞组沉积初期,结束于茅口组沉积末期;第2次海侵始于吴家坪组沉积初期,直至长兴组沉积期末结束。初步分析表明,研究区二叠系具有良好的烃源岩条件和储集条件。 相似文献
945.
ZHUGuobin DanG.Blumberg 《地球空间信息科学学报》2004,7(4):249-254
This paper introduces an advanced method based on remote sensing and Geographic Information System for urban open space extraction combining spectral and geometric characteristics. From both semantic and remote sensing perspectives, a hybrid hierarchy structure and class organization of open space are issues and mapped from one to another. Based on per-pixel and segmentation mechanism separately, two classification approaches are performed. Owing to prior of spatial aggregation and spectral contribution, the segmentation-based classification exhibits its superiority over a pixel-based classification. Finally a GIS-based post procedure is hired to eliminate some unsuitable open space components in both spatial and numerical constraints on the one hand, and separate open space some fabrics from fused remote sensing classes by defining their Shape Index on the other hand. The case study of Beer Sheva based on ASTER data proves this method is a feasible way for open space extraction. 相似文献
946.
947.
Ben Ingram Dan Cornford David Evans 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2008,22(5):661-670
In this paper we discuss a fast Bayesian extension to kriging algorithms which has been used successfully for fast, automatic
mapping in emergency conditions in the Spatial Interpolation Comparison 2004 (SIC2004) exercise. The application of kriging
to automatic mapping raises several issues such as robustness, scalability, speed and parameter estimation. Various ad-hoc
solutions have been proposed and used extensively but they lack a sound theoretical basis. In this paper we show how observations
can be projected onto a representative subset of the data, without losing significant information. This allows the complexity
of the algorithm to grow as O(n
m
2), where n is the total number of observations and m is the size of the subset of the observations retained for prediction. The main contribution of this paper is to further
extend this projective method through the application of space-limited covariance functions, which can be used as an alternative
to the commonly used covariance models. In many real world applications the correlation between observations essentially vanishes
beyond a certain separation distance. Thus it makes sense to use a covariance model that encompasses this belief since this
leads to sparse covariance matrices for which optimised sparse matrix techniques can be used. In the presence of extreme values
we show that space-limited covariance functions offer an additional benefit, they maintain the smoothness locally but at the
same time lead to a more robust, and compact, global model. We show the performance of this technique coupled with the sparse
extension to the kriging algorithm on synthetic data and outline a number of computational benefits such an approach brings.
To test the relevance to automatic mapping we apply the method to the data used in a recent comparison of interpolation techniques
(SIC2004) to map the levels of background ambient gamma radiation.
相似文献
Ben IngramEmail: |
948.
Taking as an example six main rivers that drain the western flank of the Eastern Carpathians, a conceptual model has been developed, according to which fluvial bed sediment bimodality can be explained by the overlapping of two grain size distribution curves of different origins. Thus, for Carpathian tributaries of the Siret, coarse gravel joins an unimodal distribution presenting a right skewness with enhanced downstream fining. The source of the coarse material distributions is autohtonous (by abrasion and hydraulic sorting mechanisms). A second distribution with a sandy mode is, in general, skewed to the left. The source of the second distribution is allohtonous (the quantity of sand that reaches the river‐bed through the erosion of the hillslope basin terrains). The intersection of the two distributions occurs in the area of the 0·5–8 mm fractions, where, in fact, the right skewness (for gravel) and left skewness (for sand) histogram tails meet. This also explains the lack of particles in the 0·5–8 mm interval. For rivers where fine sediment sources are low, the 0·5–8 mm fractions have a higher proportion than the fractions under 1 mm. For the Siret River itself, bed sediment bimodality is greatly enhanced due to the fact that the second mode is more than 25% of the full sample. As opposed to its tributaries, the source of the first mode, of gravel, is allohtonous to the Siret river, generated by the massive input of coarse sediment through the Carpathian tributaries, while the second mode, of the sands, is local. In this case we can also observe that the two distributions of particles of different origins overlap in the 0·5–8 mm fraction domain, creating the illusion of ‘particle lack’ in the fluvial bed sediments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
949.
技术进步是提高编目质量的关键 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
加强管理,重视依靠科技进步,学好规范条例,不断改进工作,建立科学的编目程序,是提高编目质量和速度的关键。 相似文献
950.
本文对温排水试验中的测试系统、水温控制系统、数据采集和数据处理给予了清楚的介绍,其改造和研制的运行系统具有新颖的想法和应用价值,可供类似的物理模型试验参考和借鉴。 相似文献