Evaluation of radar and automatic weather station data assimilation for a heavy rainfall event in southern China     

Tuanjie Hou  Fanyou Kong  Xunlai Chen  Hengchi Lei  Zhaoxia Hu 《大气科学进展》2015,32(7):967-978

To improve the accuracy of short-term(0–12 h) forecasts of severe weather in southern China, a real-time storm-scale forecasting system, the Hourly Assimilation and Prediction System(HAPS), has been implemented in Shenzhen, China. The forecasting system is characterized by combining the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF-ARW)model and the Advanced Regional Prediction System(ARPS) three-dimensional variational data assimilation(3DVAR) package. It is capable of assimilating radar reflectivity and radial velocity data from multiple Doppler radars as well as surface automatic weather station(AWS) data. Experiments are designed to evaluate the impacts of data assimilation on quantitative precipitation forecasting(QPF) by studying a heavy rainfall event in southern China. The forecasts from these experiments are verified against radar, surface, and precipitation observations. Comparison of echo structure and accumulated precipitation suggests that radar data assimilation is useful in improving the short-term forecast by capturing the location and orientation of the band of accumulated rainfall. The assimilation of radar data improves the short-term precipitation forecast skill by up to9 hours by producing more convection. The slight but generally positive impact that surface AWS data has on the forecast of near-surface variables can last up to 6–9 hours. The assimilation of AWS observations alone has some benefit for improving the Fractions Skill Score(FSS) and bias scores; when radar data are assimilated, the additional AWS data may increase the degree of rainfall overprediction.  相似文献   

基于作物系数与水分生产函数的向日葵产量预测   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

云文丽  侯琼  李建军  苗百岭  冯旭宇 《应用气象学报》2015,26(6):705-713

利用河套灌区向日葵2012年田间水分、分期播种试验数据和两个站点的农业气象历史资料,研究基于向日葵作物系数和水分生产函数的产量预测方法。结果表明:向日葵标准作物系数在生育期内的变化规律是前期小、中期大、后期小, 最高值为1.21, 出现在开花期。标准作物系数与出苗后日数和大于0℃积温有很好的二次和三次多项式关系,拟合优度在0.93以上。在分析相对叶面积指数和作物系数关系的基础上,提出标准作物系数的相对叶面积指数订正方法,得出河套灌区向日葵作物系数的动态计算式,为水分生产函数中实际蒸散量的计算提供支撑。建立以Jensen模型为基础的向日葵水分生产函数,得到对水分亏缺的敏感顺序从高到低是开花期、花序形成期、成熟期、苗期。综合应用向日葵作物系数方程和水分生产函数模型计算分期播种产量,与实际产量分别相差4.4%和4.1%,初步证明该文提出的方法对产量预测较为理想,在该地区具有很好的适用性。  相似文献   

Excess commuting in transitional urban China: A case study of Guangzhou   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wangbao Liu  Quan Hou 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2016,26(5):599-608

During the reform era, Chinese cities witnessed dramatic institutional transformation and spatial restructuring in general and profound change of commuting patterns in particular. Using household surveys collected in Guangzhou, China, in 2001, 2005 and 2010, excess commuting measurements are estimated. Excess commuting shows an overall trend of increasing during 1990–1999, and then declining during 2000–2010. We argue that deepening marketization of the jobs and housing sectors has induced spatial separation of jobs and housing. In other words, institutional transition and urban spatial restructuring are underpinning the changes of commuting patterns in Chinese cities. Excess commuting has strong relationship with individual socio-demographic status, which is by and large due to the increasing flexibilities of jobs and housing location choices enjoyed by urban residents. The findings call for considerations on balancing jobs-housing in making public policies relevant to urban development in general, and land use and transportation in particular.  相似文献   

On some applications of invariant manifolds     

Xi-Yun Hou  Lin Liu  Yu-Hui Zhao 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2011,11(1)

Taking transfer orbits of a collinear libration point probe, a lunar probe and an interplanetary probe as examples, some applications of stable and unstable invariant manifolds of the restricted three-body problem are discussed. Research shows that transfer energy is not necessarily conserved when invariant manifolds are used. For the cases in which the transfer energy is conserved, the cost is a much longer transfer time.  相似文献   

扬子克拉通西缘穹状变形变质体的类型与成因   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

侯立玮 《四川地质学报》1996,(1)

扬子克拉通西缘呈分散状产出的一系列穹状变形交质体，按其结构特征与成因，可将其划分为变质核杂岩，岩浆核杂岩，片麻岩穹隆和构造穹隆四种类型。造山后期—期后，深部上隆，浅部伸展，局部岩浆活动和造山期深熔花岗岩底辟侵位所引起的地壳局部隆升与伸展，是形成该区变质核杂岩和岩浆核杂岩的主要原因；片麻岩穹隆和构造穹隆，则分别为双向挤压收缩体制下，局部熔融—重熔花岗岩同构造被动侵位，和单纯的构造变形与叠加变形形成。它们具不同的时、空分布和控矿特征，是扬子克拉通西缘造山过程中不同构造坏境，不同演化阶段和不同构造体制下的产物。  相似文献   

The Key Techniques and Design Features of YH-1 Mars Probe     

Chang-Ya Chen  Jian-Wen Hou  Guang-Wu Zhu 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2010

In this paper, the function and composition as well as the key techniques (ultra-long distance communication, attitude determination and control, thermal control, ultra-low temperature acclimatization, etc.) of China's first Mars probe are analyzed. In combination with practical engineering conditions, the solutions of these key techniques are given. The design features of the probe are summarized, as a reference for developing the probes of the subsequent related missions in China.  相似文献   

青海湖沉积物生物硅的环境意义初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘斌  徐海  蓝江湖  刘晓燕  侯昭华  董吉宝 《第四纪研究》2010,30(6)

湖泊沉积物中生物硅含量的变化已经被广泛应用于评价湖泊生产力和古气候变化研究,但大型湖泊不同位置生物硅含量的时空变化及其与环境要素之间的关系仍缺乏详细的现代过程研究.通过对青海湖不同位置表层沉积样品的生物硅含量测定,建立其空间分布模式及最近数百年生物硅含量的时间序列.结果表明,青海湖表层沉积物生物硅含量变化范围是1.75%～2.98%,平均值为2.25%.与世界其他湖泊相比,青海湖生物硅含量处于相对较低水平,可能与其特殊的地理位置和气候条件有关.青海湖生物硅含量的空间分布规律与沉积物质量堆积速率以及陆源组分含量(如SiO2)相反,而与化学/生物沉积组分(如CaCO3)含量的空间分布规律大体一致,说明生物硅的空间分布受到陆源碎屑物质的"稀释效应"影响.时间序列上,生物硅含量与SiO2含量呈相反变化趋势,与指示降雨量变化的C/N比值也是反相变化,说明生物硅含量在时间序列上也受与气候条件密切相关的陆源输入的影响.青海湖湖心低沉积速率区域的生物硅指标具有指示古气候变化的潜力.  相似文献   

安徽峙门口铜—铁—金—硫矿床地球化学特征     

李红阳  王金芳  冯景志  侯增谦  杨竹森  蒙义峰  王聪颖  陈文韬 《地质科学》2010,45(3):863-872

峙门口铜—铁—金—硫矿床发育上部层状矿体和下部脉状矿体。上部层状矿石重晶石的δ~(34)S值为+14.10‰～+18.90‰。上部层状矿石黄铁矿和方铅矿的δ~(34)S值为+3.50‰～+5.84‰,下部脉状矿石黄铁矿的δ~(34)S值为+4.80‰～+6.80‰。下部脉状矿石中脉石英的δ~(18)O值为+14.3‰～+1 8.5‰,δ~(30)Si值为-0.3%0～-0.2‰。下部脉状矿石黄铁矿Re/Os比值为78.342～175.540,上(顶)部层状矿石中黄铁矿Re/Os比值为62.298～169.545。从下部脉状矿石到上部层状矿石,δ~(34)S值、Re/Os比值和流体包裹体温度249 ℃→97 ℃逐渐降低,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb平均值和Os_总、Re、~(187)Re等含量逐渐增高。矿石黄铁矿Re-Os同位素等时线年龄303±33 Ma。地质地球化学特征反映峙门口铜—铁—金—硫矿床为海底热水喷流沉积成因。  相似文献   

宁芜盆地火山-次火山岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义   总被引：40，自引：23，他引：17  

侯可军  袁顺达 《岩石学报》2010,26(3):888-902

宁芜火山盆地是长江中下游重要的火山盆地之一,在盆地内自下而上依次发育龙王山组、大王山组、姑山组和娘娘山组火山岩和若干个同源次火山岩或小侵入岩体。本文对宁芜盆地火山-次火山岩进行了详细的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素地球化学研究。研究结果表明,大王山组粗安岩锆石U-Pb年龄为130.3±0.9Ma,姑山组两个粗安岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为128.2±1.3Ma和128.5±1.8Ma,另外三个侵入岩年龄分别为127.1±1.2Ma、128.3±0.6Ma和128.2±1.0Ma,均为早白垩纪。综合前人成果,认为长江中下游地区火山盆地内火山活动的时限在135～124Ma之间,不存在侏罗纪岩浆活动。宁芜盆地火山岩和侵入岩的锆石176Hf/177Hf值在0.282502～0.282673范围内,εHf(t)变化为-6.9～-0.7,显示岩浆源自于岩石圈富集地幔部分熔融并在上升过程中受地壳物质的混染,为岩石圈伸展环境的产物。  相似文献   

真空预压联合电渗加固高塑性软土的试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曹永华  侯晋芳  高志义 《岩土工程技术》2010,24(6):290-293

为处理常规排水固结法难以处理的高塑性软土,进行了真空预压联合电渗加固的大比尺室内模型试验研究。试验首先对塑性指数为26～29的高塑性软土进行真空预压的加固,待固结度达到80%后启动电渗进行加固。试验中对电流、电势和表层沉降等进行了全面的监测。试验结果表明电极反转、间歇通电技术有利于提高电能的利用率。土体强度由加固前的0～7.1kPa增长到加固后的18.2～26.2kPa。后期电渗对强度增长的贡献十分明显。  相似文献