The Italian guidelines for seismic risk classification of constructions: technical principles and validation     

Edoardo Cosenza  Ciro Del Vecchio  Marco Di Ludovico  Mauro Dolce  Claudio Moroni  Andrea Prota  Emanuele Renzi 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(12):5905-5935

The Italian “Guidelines for the seismic risk classification of constructions” approved in February 2017 define the technical principles for exploiting tax deductions with respect to seismic strengthening interventions on existing buildings (Sismabonus). Tax deductions represent a unique opportunity to improve the seismic safety of the existing Italian building stock. The guidelines are very simple and allow practitioners to deal with the sophisticated concepts behind modern seismic design, such as expected annual losses (EAL) and repair costs (expressed as a fraction of the Reconstruction Cost: %RC). The seismic risk classes of buildings and the class upgrade due to strengthening interventions can be assessed using the principles included in the guidelines. The seismic risk class is the minimum between the class defined by the building safety index at the ultimate limit state and the one related to the EAL. The latter class depends on the area under the curve of the expected losses, which is easily obtained by computing the safety index converted in the return period (annual frequency) at different limit states and the relevant %RC. This paper illustrates the technical principles at the base of the guidelines and the procedure used to calibrate the repair costs associated with the different limit states using the actual repair costs monitored in the reconstruction process following recent Italian earthquakes. Finally, simple tools to estimate the cost of the strengthening interventions to improve the seismic capacity at the life-safety limit states are provided.  相似文献   

Automatic Change Detection in Very High Resolution Images With Pulse-Coupled Neural Networks     

Pacifici  F. Del Frate  F. 《Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, IEEE》2010,7(1):58-62

A novel approach based on pulse-coupled neural networks (PCNNs) for image change detection is presented. PCNNs are based on the implementation of the mechanisms underlying the visual cortex of small mammals, and, with respect to more traditional NNs architectures, such as multilayer perceptron, own interesting advantages. In particular, they are unsupervised and context sensitive. This latter property may be particularly useful when very high resolution images are considered as, in this case, an object analysis might be more suitable than a pixel-based one. The qualitative and more quantitative results are reported. The performance of the algorithm has been evaluated on a pair of QuickBird images taken over the test area of Tor Vergata University, Rome.   相似文献   

Cretaceous tectonic evolution of the Neo-Tethys in Central Iran:Evidence from petrology and age of the Nain-Ashin ophiolitic basalts     

Tahmineh Pirnia  Emilio Saccani  Ghodrat Torabi  Marco Chiari  Spela Gorican  Edoardo Barbero 《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(1):57-81

The Nain and Ashin ophiolites consist of Mesozoic melange units that were emplaced in the Late Cretaceous onto the continental basement of the Central-East Iran microcontinent(CEIM).They largely consist of serpentinized peridotites slices;nonetheless,minor tectonic slices of sheeted dykes and pillow lavas-locally stratigraphically associated with radiolarian cherts-can be found in these ophiolitic melanges.Based on their whole rock geochemistry and mineral chemistry,these rocks can be divided into two geochemical groups.The sheeted dykes and most of the pillow lavas show island arc tholeiitic(IAT)affinity,whereas a few pillow lavas from the Nain ophiolites show calc-alkaline(CA)affinity.Petrogenetic modeling based on trace elements composition indicates that both IAT and CA rocks derived from partial melting of depleted mantle sources that underwent enrichment in subduction-derived components prior to melting.Petrogenetic modeling shows that these components were represented by pure aqueous fluids,or sediment melts,or a combination of both,suggesting that the studied rocks were formed in an arc-forearc tectonic setting.Our new biostratigraphic data indicate this arc-forearc setting was active in the Early Cretaceous.Previous tectonic interpretations suggested that the Nain ophiolites formed,in a Late Cretaceous backarc basin located in the south of the CEIM(the so-called Nain-Baft basin).However,recent studies showed that the CEIM underwent a counter-clockwise rotation in the Cenozoic,which displaced the Nain and Ashin ophiolites in their present day position from an original northeastward location.This evidence combined with our new data and a comparison of the chemical features of volcanic rocks from different ophiolites around the CEIM allow us to suggest that the Nain-Ashin volcanic rocks and dykes were formed in a volcanic arc that developed on the northern margin of the CEIM during the Early Cretaceous in association with the subduction,below the CEIM,of a Neo-Tethys oceanic branch that was existing between the CEIM and the southern margin of Eurasia.As a major conclusion of this paper,a new geodynamic model for the Cretaceous evolution of the CEIM and surrounding Neo-Tethyan oceanic basins is proposed.  相似文献   

The Triglav Glacier (South-Eastern Alps,Slovenia): Volume Estimation,Internal Characterization and 2000–2013 Temporal Evolution by Means of Ground Penetrating Radar Measurements     

Costanza Del Gobbo  Renato R. Colucci  Emanuele Forte  Michaela Triglav Čekada  Matija Zorn 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2016,173(8):2753-2766

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Spatial vent opening probability map of Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. Cappello  M. Neri  V. Acocella  G. Gallo  A. Vicari  C. Del Negro 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2012,74(9):2083-2094

We produce a spatial probability map of vent opening (susceptibility map) at Etna, using a statistical analysis of structural features of flank eruptions of the last 2?ky. We exploit a detailed knowledge of the volcano structures, including the modalities of shallow magma transfer deriving from dike and dike-fed fissure eruptions analysis on historical eruptions. Assuming the location of future vents will have the same causal factors as the past eruptions, we converted the geological and structural data in distinct and weighted probability density functions, which were included in a non-homogeneous Poisson process to obtain the susceptibility map. The highest probability of new eruptive vents opening falls within a N-S aligned area passing through the Summit Craters down to about 2,000?m?a.s.l. on the southern flank. Other zones of high probability follow the North-East, East-North-East, West, and South Rifts, the latter reaching low altitudes (～400?m). Less susceptible areas are found around the faults cutting the upper portions of Etna, including the western portion of the Pernicana fault and the northern extent of the Ragalna fault. This structural-based susceptibility map is a crucial step in forecasting lava flow hazards at Etna, providing a support tool for decision makers.  相似文献   

Revisited mixed extreme wave climate model for reanalysis data bases     

R. Mínguez  F. Del Jesus 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2015,29(7):1851-1856

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The 2012 Emilia (Northern Italy) earthquake sequence: an attempt of historical reading     

L. Graziani  F. Bernardini  C. Castellano  S. Del Mese  E. Ercolani  A. Rossi  A. Tertulliani  M. Vecchi 《Journal of Seismology》2015,19(2):371-387

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REXEL: computer aided record selection for code-based seismic structural analysis   总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2  

Iunio Iervolino  Carmine Galasso  Edoardo Cosenza 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2010,8(2):339-362

In code-based seismic design and assessment it is often allowed the use of real records as an input for nonlinear dynamic analysis. On the other hand, international seismic guidelines, concerning this issue, have been found hardly applicable by practitioners. This is related to both the difficulty in rationally relating the ground motions to the hazard at the site and the required selection criteria, which do not favor the use of real records, but rather various types of spectrum matching signals. To overcome some of these obstacles a software tool for code-based real records selection was developed. REXEL, freely available at the website of the Italian network of earthquake engineering university labs (), allows to search for suites of waveforms, currently from the European Strong-motion Database, compatible to reference spectra being either user-defined or automatically generated according to Eurocode 8 and the recently released new Italian seismic code. The selection reflects the provisions of the considered codes and others found to be important by recent research on the topic. In the paper, record selection criteria are briefly reviewed first, and then the algorithms implemented in the software are discussed. Finally, via some examples, it is shown how REXEL can effectively be a contribution to code-based real records selection for seismic structural analysis.  相似文献   

Ultimate chord rotation of RC columns with smooth bars: some considerations about EC8 prescriptions   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Gerardo M. Verderame  Paolo Ricci  Gaetano Manfredi  Edoardo Cosenza 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2010,8(6):1351-1373

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Healthier Geographies: Mediating the Gaps between the Needs of People Living with HIV and AIDS and Health Care in Chiang Mai,Thailand     

Vincent J. Del Casino Jr. 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):407-421

In this article, I contribute to our understanding of the plurality of approaches that construct the geographies of health care through an examination of the distribution of health care services for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. In particular, I focus on the development of a network of support groups for PLWHA in order to examine the differences in the sociospatial organization of these groups, the practices of social actors participating in the groups' activities, and how these activities are mediated through place-based social relations. The first section of the article analyzes the spatial distribution of PLWHA support groups in relation to the distribution of AIDS cases over two time periods, 1994 and 1997. The second section goes below the surface of the spatial distribution, examining similarities and differences in PLWHA support groups through an analysis of survey data collected on thirty-five groups in 1997. The final section deepens this examination through an analysis of ethnographic data collected on the outreach efforts of one nongovernmental organization (NGO) and one PLWHA support group with which it worked. Each section offers opportunities for the extension of our understanding of the development of PLWHA support groups, their distribution in relation to the spread of AIDS cases, and their place-based meanings.  相似文献