基于扩展有限元法对土体滑坡破坏过程的模拟     

王翔南  李全明  于玉贞  喻葭临  吕禾 《岩土力学》2019,40(6):2435-2442

边坡失稳一般经历滑裂面萌生、扩展和贯通的过程。近年发展起来的扩展有限元法（XFEM）可以合理地模拟这一过程,但在实际应用中仍未克服需要预先设定滑裂面的起始位置,以及滑裂面前端扩展方向的判断精度较低等缺陷。首先介绍滑裂面萌生和扩展的判断和程序实现机制。然后提出了确定滑裂面起始位置的方法,重点描述了其中的自动判断裂缝萌生位置的方法,即根据单元内的应力状态求得拉应力水平和剪应力水平,根据其相对关系并结合应力历史进行判断。接着介绍了联合运用扇形控制域和圆形控制域确定滑裂面前端扩展方向的新方法。该方法可提高XFEM对滑坡破坏过程的模拟精度。最后通过两个边坡失稳算例的计算分析验证所提方法的可靠性。  相似文献   

三轴循环荷载下砂岩损伤耗能比演化特征研究     

杨小彬  程虹铭  吕嘉琦  侯鑫  聂朝刚 《岩土力学》2019,40(10):3751-3757

为了研究循环载荷下岩石能量演化特征,引入耗能比?,开展砂岩不同围压下轴向循环加卸载试验,探究全应力-应变过程中?值演化特征,进而探讨岩石试样循环加卸载作用下损伤变形演化规律。试验结果表明：对应全应力-应变曲线的5个阶段,?值演化过程可划分为线性下降、稳定发展、缓慢增加、突然增加和平缓变化5个阶段,在?值整个演化过程呈现“勺”演化特征,该特征充分反映了试样变形演化过程中的能量转化关系及损伤演化程度;随着围压的增大,?值整体呈现减小趋势;同一应变水平下,不同围压下?值在线性下降阶段、稳定发展阶段差值逐渐减小,在缓慢增加阶段、突然增加阶段差值逐渐增大,在平缓变化阶段差值减小并趋于一个稳定值;分析循环加载下岩石材料参数演化特征,考虑围压作用及耗能比演化规律,建立岩石试样循环加卸载作用下的应力-应变演化理论公式,并进行了试验曲线拟合,验证了该理论公式的合理性。  相似文献   

考虑细观等效热学参数的高放废物处置库围岩应力−渗流−温度耦合模拟方法     

侯会明  胡大伟  周辉  卢景景  吕涛  张帆 《岩土力学》2019,40(9):3625-3634

高放废物处置库中乏燃料持续释放的热量对围岩的应力场和渗流场及其长期稳定性具有重要影响。围岩的热学参数依赖于岩石矿物组成、孔隙率和孔隙流体等因素,准确取值是进行高放废物地质处置库多场耦合分析的前提。通过细观力学分析,建立了围岩等效热学参数（热容、热传导系数、热膨胀系数）取值方法,并基于Biot孔隙介质理论,建立应力?温度?渗流三场耦合模型,进而提出了高放废物处置库围岩应力?渗流?温度耦合数值模拟方法。最后通过COMSOL Multiphysics多场耦合软件,利用瑞士Mont Terri高放废物地下试验室围岩温度?渗流?应力多场耦合现场试验数据对数值模拟方法进行验证,并探讨了温度?渗流?应力耦合过程的演化规律。研究表明,模拟结果和试验值吻合良好。研究结果可为我国高放废物处置库的安全评估和选址提供科学依据。  相似文献   

基于椭球模型的圆砾堆积特性分析     

刘钢  陆瑞  赵明志  罗强  吕超 《岩土力学》2019,40(11):4371-4379

堆积特性是颗粒形状、大小等因素的综合体现,也在一定程度上反映了颗粒集合体的力学特性。以河流冲积型圆砾土中主要占比的10～50 mm圆砾为对象,利用数字图像技术,通过对大样本圆砾颗粒的形态特征分析,选取轴向系数作为圆砾的形状特征参数,并据此提出了圆砾颗粒的椭球模型构建方法,建立了与实际圆砾料在形状和大小上同分布的圆砾椭球模型数据库,进而通过数值堆积试验分析了单粒组圆砾料的堆积特性,并与室内圆筒堆积物理试验进行对比。有以下结论：圆砾的形态特征主要体现在宏观轮廓形状,棱角特性不明显;圆砾堆积数值模拟结果表明,不同大小粒组圆砾堆积孔隙比变化较小;颗粒间摩擦系数对于堆积孔隙比有显著影响,摩擦系数介于0～0.4时,孔隙比变化剧烈,随后逐渐趋于平缓;室内圆筒堆积试验结果验证了椭球模型模拟圆砾堆积的有效性,标定了重力堆积条件下圆砾料颗粒间摩擦系数约为0.3。  相似文献   

Footprint Analysis For Measurements Over A Heterogeneous Forest   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

Ü Rannik  M. Aubinet  O. Kurbanmuradov  K. K. Sabelfeld  T. Markkanen  T. Vesala 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2000,97(1):137-166

The air flow and vertical distribution of sources/sinks inside aforest canopy have been taken into accountin the analysis of the contribution of sources/sinks to measured fluxes and concentrations above a forest. Thestochastic estimators for concentrations and fluxes are described and their evaluation is performed by simulationof an ensemble of fluid parcel trajectories. The influence of the forest canopy on the footprint is important forobservation levels up to a few times the forest height. The influence of along-wind turbulent diffusion, whichanalytical atmospheric surface layer (ASL) footprint models do not account for, is significant even at higherlevels. The footprint analysis has been performed to deduce the Douglas fir canopy carbon dioxide uptake from eddycovariance flux measurements above a mixed Douglas fir–beech forest during the pre-leaf periods of the beech.The scatter in the results indicates that such an analysis is limited, presumably due to horizontal inhomogenetiesin flow statistics, which were not included in trajectory simulation. The analysis, however, is useful for theestimation of the qualitative effect of the forest canopy on the footprint function.  相似文献   

Degradation of Recalcitrant Textile Dyes by Coupling Fungal and Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors          下载免费PDF全文

Ece Ümmü Deveci  Nadir Dizge  Hüseyin Cengiz Yatmaz  Berrin Tansel 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(10):1345-1351

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Prediction of Density Flow Plunging Depth in Dam Reservoirs: An Artificial Neural Network Approach     

Fatih Ünes 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2010,38(3):296-308

Experimental findings and observations indicate that plunging flow is related to the formation of bed load deposition in dam reservoirs. The sediment delta begins to form in the plunging region where the inflow river water meets the ambient reservoir water. Correct estimation of dam reservoir flow, plunging point, and plunging depth is crucial for dam reservoir sedimentation and water quality issues. In this study, artificial neural network (ANN), multi‐linear regression (MLR), and two‐dimensional hydrodynamic model approaches are used for modeling the plunging point and depth. A multi layer perceptron (MLP) is used as the ANN structure. A two‐dimensional model is adapted to simulate density plunging flow through a reservoir with a sloping bottom. In the model, nonlinear and unsteady continuity, momentum, energy, and k–ε turbulence equations are formulated in the Cartesian coordinates. Density flow parameters such as velocity, plunging points, and plunging depths are determined from the simulation and model results, and these are compared with previous experimental and model works. The results show that the ANN model forecasts are much closer to the experimental data than the MLR and mathematical model forecasts.  相似文献   

FIRST RESULTS OF THE SUMER TELESCOPE AND SPECTROMETER ON SOHO – II. Imagery and Data Management     

Lemaire  P.  Wilhelm  K.  Curdt  W.  SchÜle  U.  Marsch  E.  Poland  A. I.  Jordan  S. D.  Thomas  R. J.  Hassler  D. M.  Vial  J. C.  KÜhne  M.  Huber  M. C. E.  Siegmund  O. H. W.  Gabriel  A.  Timothy  J. G.  Grewing  M. 《Solar physics》1997,170(1):105-122

SUMER – Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation – is not only an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrometer capable of obtaining detailed spectra in the range from 500 to 1610 Å, but, using the telescope mechanisms, it also provides monochromatic images over the full solar disk and beyond, into the corona, with high spatial resolution. We report on some aspects of the observation programmes that have already led us to a new view of many aspects of the Sun, including quiet Sun, chromospheric and transition region network, coronal hole, polar plume, prominence and active region studies. After an introduction, where we compare the SUMER imaging capabilities to previous experiments in our wavelength range, we describe the results of tests performed in order to characterize and optimize the telescope under operational conditions. We find the spatial resolution to be 1.2 arc sec across the slit and 2 arc sec (2 detector pixels) along the slit. Resolution and sensitivity are adequate to provide details on the structure, physical properties, and evolution of several solar features which we then present. Finally some information is given on the data availability and the data management system.  相似文献