Seismic anisotropy of the lithosphere around the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) based on teleseismic body-wave data of the TOR experiment     

TOR Working Group  J. Plomerov  V. Babu ka  L. Vecsey  D. Kouba 《Tectonophysics》2002,360(1-4):89-114

A passive teleseismic experiment (TOR), traversing the northern part of the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) in Germany, Denmark and Sweden, recorded data for tomography of the upper mantle with a lateral resolution of few tens of kilometers as well as for a detailed study of seismic anisotropy. A joint inversion of teleseismic P-residual spheres and shear-wave splitting parameters allows us to retrieve the 3D orientation of dipping anisotropic structures in different domains of the sub-crustal lithosphere. We distinguish three major domains of different large-scale fabric divided by first-order sutures cutting the whole lithosphere thickness. The Baltic Shield north of the Sorgenfrei–Tornquist Zone (STZ) is characterised by lithosphere thickness around 175 km and the anisotropy is modelled by olivine aggregate of hexagonal symmetry with the high-velocity (ac) foliation plane striking NW–SE and dipping to NE. Southward of the STZ, beneath the Norwegian–Danish Basin, the lithosphere thins abruptly to about 75 km. In this domain, between the STZ and the so-called Caledonian Deformation Front (CDF), the anisotropic structures strike NE–SW and the high-velocity (ac) foliation dips to NW. To the south of the CDF, beneath northern Germany, we observe a heterogeneous lithosphere with variable thickness and anisotropic structures with high velocity dipping predominantly to SW. Most of the anisotropy observed at TOR stations can be explained by a preferred olivine orientation frozen in the sub-crustal lithosphere. Beneath northern Germany, a part of the shear-wave splitting is probably caused by a present-day flow in the asthenosphere.  相似文献   

Azimuthal variation of Pg velocity in the Moldanubian, Czech Republic: observations based on a multi-azimuthal common-shot experiment     

Vclav Vavry uk  Pavla Hrubcov  Milan Bro  Ji&#x;í Mlek  The ALP Working Group 《Tectonophysics》2004,387(1-4):189-203

We study the azimuthal velocity variation of Pg waves in the Moldanubian, which is a crystalline segment within the Bohemian Massif in the Czech Republic. We use the data from a multi-azimuthal common-shot experiment performed as part of the ALP 2002 refraction experiment, complemented by profile refraction data from the CELEBRATION 2000 experiment. We analyze the travel times of waves recorded by 72 portable seismic stations deployed along two circles with radii of 35 and 45 km around a shot. The observed travel times display an azimuthal variation indicating anisotropy of 2%. The minimum and maximum velocity values are 5.83 and 5.95 km/s, respectively. The direction of the maximum velocity is N50°E. These values characterize horizontal anisotropy of the uppermost crust down to 3 km. The strength and orientation of uppermost crustal anisotropy in the Moldanubian is consistent with the overall upper crustal anisotropy in the entire Bohemian Massif. The high-velocity direction is roughly perpendicular to the present-day maximum compressive stress in the Bohemian Massif and Central Europe and coincides with the orientation of structures formed by the main Variscan tectonic events in the area. This indicates that the anisotropy is caused predominantly by alignment of textural elements and minerals in the rocks, which developed in early geological stages rather than by a preferred orientation of cracks or microcracks due to present-day stress. If the crack-induced anisotropy is present in the medium, then its strength should not exceed 1% and the cracks should be water saturated.  相似文献   

A feasible methodology for landslide susceptibility assessment in developing countries: A case-study of NW Nicaragua after Hurricane Mitch   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Marta Guinau  Raimon Palls  Joan Manuel Vilaplana  RISKNAT Research Group 《Engineering Geology》2005,80(3-4):316-327

In October 1998, Hurricane Mitch triggered a large number of landslides (mainly debris flows) in Honduras and Nicaragua, resulting in a high death toll and in considerable damage to property. In recent years, a number of risk assessment methodologies have been devised to mitigate natural disasters. However, due to scarcity of funds and lack of specialised personnel few of these methodologies are accessible to developing countries. To explore the potential application of relatively simple and affordable landslide susceptibility methodologies in such countries, we focused on a region in NW Nicaragua which was among the most severely hit during the Mitch event. Our study included (1) detailed field work to produce a high-resolution inventory landslide map at 1 : 10,000 scale, and (2) a selection of the relevant instability factors from a Terrain Units Map which had previously been generated in a project for rural development. Based on the combination of these two datasets and using GIS tools we developed a comparative analysis of failure-zones and terrain factors in an attempt to classify the land into zones according to the propensity to landslides triggered by heavy rainfalls. The resulting susceptibility map was validated by using a training and a test zone, providing results comparable to those reached in studies based in more sophisticated methodologies. Thus, we provide an example of a methodology which is simple enough to be fully comprehended by non-specialised technicians and which could be of help in landslide risk mitigation through implementation of non-structural measures, such as land planning or emergency measures.  相似文献   

Lithospheric structure of the Trans-European Suture Zone along the TTZ–CEL03 seismic transect (from NW to SE Poland)     

Tomasz Janik  Marek Grad  Aleksander Guterch  Ryszard Dadlez  Jukka Yliniemi  Timo Tiira  G. Randy Keller  Edward Gaczy&#x;ski  CELEBRATION Working Group 《Tectonophysics》2005,411(1-4):129-156

The large-scale CELEBRATION 2000 seismic experiment investigated the velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle between western portion of the East European Craton (EEC) and the eastern Alps. This area comprises: the Trans-European Suture Zone, the Carpathian Mountains, the Pannonian Basin and the Bohemian Massif. This experiment included 147 chemical shots recorded by 1230 seismic stations during two deployments. Good quality data along 16 main and a few additional profiles were recorded. One of them, profile CEL03, was located in southeastern Poland and was laid out as a prolongation of the TTZ profile performed in 1993. This paper focuses on the joint interpretation of seismic data along the NW–SE trending TTZ–CEL03 transect, located in the central portion of the Trans-European Suture Zone. First arrivals and later phases of waves reflected/refracted in the crust and upper mantle were interpreted using two-dimensional tomographic inversion and ray-tracing techniques. This modelling established a 2-D (quasi 3-D) P-wave velocity lithospheric model. Four crustal units were identified along the transect. From northwest to southeast, thickness of the crust varies from 35 km in the Pomeranian Unit (NW) to 40 km in the Kuiavian Unit, to 50 km in the Radom–Łysogóry Unit and again to 43 km in the Narol Unit (SE). The first two units are thought to be proximal terranes detached from the EEC farther to the southeast and re-accreted to the edge of the EEC during the Early Palaeozoic. The origin of the remaining two units is a matter of dispute: they are either portions of the EEC or other proximal terranes. In the area of the Polish Basin (first two units), the P-wave velocity is very low (V_p < 6.1 km/s) down to depths of 15–20 km indicating that a very thick sedimentary and possibly volcanic rock sequence, whose lower portion may be metamorphosed, is present. The velocity beneath the Moho was found to be rather high, being 8.25 km/s in the northwestern portion of the transect, 8.4 km/s in the central sector, and 8.1 km/s in the southeastern sector.  相似文献   

A receiver function study across the Dead Sea Transform   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

A. Mohsen  R. Hofstetter  G. Bock  R. Kind  M. Weber  K. Wylegalla  G. Rümpker  the DESERT Group 《Geophysical Journal International》2005,160(3):948-960

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The 10th-Generation International Geomagnetic Reference Field   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

International Association of Geomagnetism  Aeronomy  Division V  Working Group VMOD: Geomagnetic Field Modeling 《Geophysical Journal International》2005,161(3):561-565

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81型哨声定向观测系统及其观测结果          下载免费PDF全文

Whistler Research Group 《地球物理学报》1983,26(4):309-318

本文系统地叙述了哨声定向观测的原理、观测设备和观测结果。我们于1982年3月11日在北京怀柔成功地实现了群哨的定向观测,平均入射角为13°,方位角为32°,平均场强为270微伏/米。  相似文献   

稳定性层状云降雨量的估算研究          下载免费PDF全文

李金辉  罗俊颉 《山西气象》2006,(2):1-4

党的十六届五中全会明确提出了建设社会主义新农村。为充分发挥气象科技业务服务在新农村建设中的作用,使推进社会主义新农村建设的部署落到实处,按照中国气象局的要求,结合山西省实际情况,山西省气象局于2006年3月下旬进行了气象为建设社会主义新农村服务的调研活动。组织机构:成立了以山西省气象局党组书记、局长张世英为组长,副局长李韬光为副组长的新农村建设调研领导小组,从山西省气象局预测减灾与科技处、山西省气候中心等有关单位抽调了一批政治素质好,业务水平高的技术骨干组成了调研组。调研方法:主要通过问卷调研、专题调研、实地…  相似文献   

2-D seismic tomographic and ray tracing modelling of the crustal structure across the Sudetes Mountains basing on SUDETES 2003 experiment data   总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2  

Mariusz Majda&#x;ski  Marek Grad  Aleksander Guterch  SUDETES Working Group 《Tectonophysics》2006,413(3-4):249-269

The seismic data obtained during SUDETES 2003 experiment are analysed, and detailed crustal structure for profiles S02, S03 and S06 is presented using three different 2-D techniques: (1) “smooth” tomography of refracted waves travel times, (2) ray tracing of reflected and refracted waves, and (3) joint velocity and depth of reflector tomographic inversion. In spite of different interpretation techniques used, the models of the crustal structure show common characteristic features. The low velocity (V_p < 4 km/s) sedimentary layer was documented in the northeastern part of the study area. The topmost basement has in general a velocity of 5.8–6.0 km/s, and velocities at ca. 20 km depth are 6.15–6.25 km/s. The strong reflecting boundaries were found at 20–23 and 25–28 km depth with a velocity contrast about 0.4 km/s, and the highest velocities in the lowermost crust are 6.8–7.2 km/s. In general, the crust of the Bohemian Massif is slightly thicker (33–35 km) than in the northern part of the area. Velocities beneath Moho are relatively low, of 7.95 km/s. On the basis of well recorded reflected waves, mantle reflectors were discovered in the depth interval ca. 40–70 km. Apart of new results for the geology and tectonics of the area, some conclusion could be made about different techniques used. In the 2-D case the “clasical” ray tracing method with using all correlated phases gives the most adequate model of the structure, because of full, manual control of the model creation. The “smooth” first arrival travel times tomography, although very fast, is not satisfactory enough to describe the complex structure. So, the best candidate in 3-D case seems to be travel time tomography for both refracted and reflected waves in multi-layers models.  相似文献   

TRANSALP—Cross-line recording during the seismic reflection transect in the Eastern Alps     

Karl Millahn  Ewald Lüschen  Helmut Gebrande  TRANSALP Working Group 《Tectonophysics》2006,414(1-4):39

Cross-line recording formed a companion experiment of the TRANSALP seismic reflection transect through the Eastern Alps, conducted by partner institutions from Austria, Germany and Italy in three field campaigns in the period fall 1998 to fall 1999. Besides of the originally expected three-dimensional control for the north–south running main transect, additional information on seismic anisotropy and alternative images of crucial parts of the main transect could be gained.Conventionally processed sections along N–S running common-midpoint (CMP) binning lines confirm and strengthen the predominance of midcrustal reflective structures of the ‘Sub-Tauern-Ramp’ beneath and south of the Tauern Window. Velocity analysis of the first arrivals exhibit about 10% higher velocities in east–west propagating P-waves, compatible with texture-dominated rock anisotropy, recorded on cross-lines at the Tauern Window. Pre-stack depth migration of cross-line recordings shows dominant south dip of the Sub-Tauern-Ramp with easterly dip components and a sub-horizontal root zone of the Sub-Dolomites-Ramp.  相似文献