Venomous snakes and climate change: ophidism as a dynamic problem     

Javier Nori  Paola A. Carrasco  Gerardo C. Leynaud 《Climatic change》2014,122(1-2):67-80

Snakebite envenoming is an important public health problem worldwide and addressing this issue has turned into a challenge for applied science. In this sense, the study of the distributional patterns of problematic snakes is central in terms of public health. Global Climate Change is affecting the distributional ranges of snakes, so that decisions regarding treatment of ophidism (poisoning by snake venom) may also change spatially and/or temporally. Here, we assessed suitable climate spaces at present conditions and estimated potential future changes in the distributions of the five southernmost venomous snakes, responsible for almost 99 % of accidents in Argentina, by implementing an ensemble of forecasts between different algorithms and scenarios for 2030 and 2080. Present suitable climate spaces showed high concordance with known distribution of the species. Future projections show moderate “north to south” displacements of the snakes’ suitable climate spaces, implying potential increments of suitable spaces in human populated areas in Argentina. Our results suggest the necessity of considering ophidism as a dynamic problem. In this regard, the analyses implemented here are useful tools in improving the assessment of snakebite envenoming in light of global climate change.  相似文献   

Building a 3D geomodel for water resources management: case study in the Regional Park of the lower courses of Manzanares and Jarama Rivers (Madrid, Spain)     

Francisco Carreño Conde  Sandra García Martínez  Javier Lillo Ramos  Raquel Fernández Martínez  Ariana Mabeth-Montoya Colonia 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(1):61-66

Water resources management of protected sites requires a powerful tool to analyze the process and changes that are occurring in the environment. This paper describes a 3D geomodel design of the Jarama River Detrital Aquifer located in Madrid (Spain). That hydrogeological unit is included in the “Parque Regional de los Cursos Bajos de los Ríos Manzanares y Jarama” (Regional Park of the Lower Courses of Manzanares and Jarama Rivers). The goal of this work is to define a method by which a three-dimensional (3D) model can be created with hydrogeologic geometry real of main aquifer, to accomplish an adequate management of the groundwater resources. All data used in this study were integrated in a geographic database: geological and hydrogeological information, geological map (1:25,000), eleven cross-sections, piezometric maps and a digital elevation model. The constructed 3D model of the Jarama Aquifer shows geometric features and spatial distribution and variations of geologic units. Thus, the 3D model allows the assessment of volumes of each unit, the depth and thickness variations of the main aquifer, and the spatial and temporal variations of water tables. From the 3D model, the most suitable areas (in terms of groundwater protection) for managed recharge and mining works have been identified.  相似文献   

The droughts of 1996–1997 and 2004–2005 in Amazonia: hydrological response in the river main‐stem     

Javier Tomasella  Laura S. Borma  José A. Marengo  Daniel A. Rodriguez  Luz A. Cuartas  Carlos A. Nobre  Maria C. R. Prado 《水文研究》2011,25(8):1228-1242

Severe hydrological droughts in the Amazon have generally been associated with strong El Niño events. More than 100 years of stage record at Manaus harbour confirms that minimum water levels generally coincide with intense warming in the tropical Pacific sea waters. During 2005, however, the Amazon experienced a severe drought which was not associated with an El Niño event. Unless what usually occurs during strong El Niño events, when negative rainfall anomalies usually affect central and eastern Amazon drainage basin; rainfall deficiencies in the drought of 2005 were spatially constrained to the west and southwest of the basin. In spite of this, discharge stations at the main‐stem recorded minimum water levels as low as those observed during the basin‐wide 1996–1997 El Niño‐related drought. The analysis of river discharges along the main‐stem and major tributaries during the drought of 2004–2005 revealed that the recession on major tributaries began almost simultaneously. This was not the case in the 1996–1997 drought, when above‐normal contribution of some tributaries for a short period during high water was crucial to partially counterbalance high discharge deficits of the other tributaries. Since time‐lagged contributions of major tributaries are fundamental to damp the extremes in the main‐stem, an almost coincident recession in almost all tributaries caused a rapid decrease in water discharges during the 2005 event. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The influence of central black holes on gravitational lenses     

Shude Mao  Hans J. Witt  Leon V. E. Koopmans 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,323(2):301-307

Recent observations indicate that many if not all galaxies host massive central black holes. In this paper we explore the influence of black holes on the lensing properties. We model the lens as an isothermal ellipsoid with a finite core radius plus a central black hole. We show that the presence of the black hole substantially changes the critical curves and caustics. If the black hole mass is above a critical value, then it will completely suppress the central images for all source positions. Realistic central black holes are likely to have masses below this critical value. Even in such subcritical cases, the black hole can suppress the central image when the source is inside a zone of influence, which depends on the core radius and black hole mass. In the subcritical cases, an additional image may be created by the black hole in some regions, which for some radio lenses may be detectable with high-resolution and large dynamic range VLBI maps. The presence of central black holes should also be taken into account when one constrains the core radius from the lack of central images in gravitational lenses.  相似文献   

Stellar Populations in Bulges of Spiral Galaxies     

Pascale Jablonka  Javier Gorgas  Paul Goudfrooij 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2002,281(1-2):367-370

We present a few results of a work in progress tackling the radial spectroscopic properties of bulges of spiral galaxies. This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Long-Term Evolution of the Seismic Activity Preceding the 2015 Seismic Crisis at Deception Island Volcano,Antarctica (2008-2015)     

Jiménez-Morales  Vanessa  Almendros  Javier  Carmona  Enrique 《Surveys in Geophysics》2022,43(3):959-994

Surveys in Geophysics - Deception Island is an active volcano located in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Although the last eruptions occurred in 1967-1970, the volcano has undergone periods...  相似文献   

A consistent combination of GNSS and SLR with minimum constraints   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Susanne Glaser  Mathias Fritsche  Krzysztof Sośnica  Carlos Javier Rodríguez-Solano  Kan Wang  Rolf Dach  Urs Hugentobler  Markus Rothacher  Reinhard Dietrich 《Journal of Geodesy》2015,89(12):1165-1180

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Volcanism–sedimentation interaction in the Campo de Calatrava Volcanic Field (Spain): a magnetostratigraphic and geochronological study     

Antonio Herrero-Hernández  Francisco Javier López-Moro  José Luis Gallardo-Millán  Ángel Martín-Serrano  Fernando Gómez-Fernández 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2015,104(1):103-122

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Human-induced coastal landslide reactivation. Monitoring by PSInSAR techniques and urban damage survey (SE Spain)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Davide Notti  Jorge Pedro Galve  Rosa María Mateos  Oriol Monserrat  Francisco Lamas-Fernández  Francisca Fernández-Chacón  Francisco Javier Roldán-García  José Vicente Pérez-Peña  Michele Crosetto  José Miguel Azañón 《Landslides》2015,12(5):1007-1014

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Orbit propagation in Minkowskian geometry     

Javier Roa  Jesús Peláez 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2015,123(1):13-43

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