Distribution, magnitude and characterization of the toxicity of Ukrainian estuarine sediments     

Burgess RM  Konovets IM  Kipnis LS  Lyashenko AV  Grintsov VA  Petrov AN  Terletskaya AV  Milyukin MV  Povolotskii MI  Demchenko VY  Bogoslovskaya TA  Topkin YV  Vorobyova TV  Portis LM  Ho KT 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(11):2442-2462

During the Soviet era, Ukraine was an important industrial and agricultural region of the Soviet Union. This industrial and agricultural activity resulted in contamination of Ukraine’s estuaries with legacy anthropogenic pollutants. Investigations on the toxicological effects of this estuarine contamination have been limited. For this research, we measured the toxicity of contaminated sediments from four Ukrainian estuaries to several aquatic organisms over 3 years. Sediment chemical analyses and whole sediment toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs) were also performed to determine the classes of contaminants contributing to toxicity. Toxic sediments were observed in several of the Ukrainian estuaries and chemical analyses of the sediments demonstrated anthropogenic contaminants were widely distributed. Contaminants were also detected in macrobenthic organisms collected from the sediments. Several lines of evidence, including TIEs, indicated hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) were contributing substantially to observed toxicity. This information can guide environmental managers to prioritize portions of the estuaries requiring remediation.  相似文献   

The COVID-19 pandemic and global environmental change: Emerging research needs     

Robert Barouki  Manolis Kogevinas  Karine Audouze  Kristine Belesova  Ake Bergman  Linda Birnbaum  Sandra Boekhold  Sebastien Denys  Celine Desseille  Elina Drakvik  Howard Frumkin  Jeanne Garric  Delphine Destoumieux-Garzon  Andrew Haines  Anke Huss  Genon Jensen  Spyros Karakitsios  Jana Klanova  Iida-Maria Koskela  Francine Laden  Paolo Vineis 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2011

The outbreak of COVID-19 raised numerous questions on the interactions between the occurrence of new infections, the environment, climate and health. The European Union requested the H2020 HERA project which aims at setting priorities in research on environment, climate and health, to identify relevant research needs regarding Covid-19. The emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 appears to be related to urbanization, habitat destruction, live animal trade, intensive livestock farming and global travel. The contribution of climate and air pollution requires additional studies. Importantly, the severity of COVID-19 depends on the interactions between the viral infection, ageing and chronic diseases such as metabolic, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and obesity which are themselves influenced by environmental stressors. The mechanisms of these interactions deserve additional scrutiny. Both the pandemic and the social response to the disease have elicited an array of behavioural and societal changes that may remain long after the pandemic and that may have long term health effects including on mental health. Recovery plans are currently being discussed or implemented and the environmental and health impacts of those plans are not clearly foreseen. Clearly, COVID-19 will have a long-lasting impact on the environmental health field and will open new research perspectives and policy needs.  相似文献   

Pocho volcanic rocks and the melting of depleted continental lithosphere above a shallowly dipping subduction zone in the central Andes   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Suzanne Mahlburg Kay  Carlos E. Gordillo 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1994,117(1):25-44

The Late Miocene (7.9 to 4.5 Ma) Pocho volcanic field in Argentina occurs 700 km east of the Chile trench over the modern shallowly dipping Andean Wadati-Benioff zone near 32° S latitude in Argentina. The field is located in the Sierra de Cordoba which is the easternmost Laramide-style, block-faulted range in the Sierras Pampeanas (Pampean ranges). The arrival of the shallowly dipping slab initiated both volcanism and the uplift of the Sierra de Cordoba. Pocho rocks (52% to 68% SiO₂; FeO^*/MgO>2.2) comprise an older (7.5±0.5 Ma) high-K and a younger (5.3±0.7 Ma) shoshonitic series. Mineralogic data and fractionation models show that crystallization occurred under hydrous, oxidizing conditions, which were most extreme in the high-K series. An unusual pattern of successively lower REE at higher SiO₂ concentrations can be modeled by sphene, apatite and amphibole removal. An arc-like trace element signature attributed to an arc component is strongest in the younger shoshonitic series. An important depleted lower crustal/mantle lithospheric source component in both series is indicated by non-radiogenic Sr and Pb isotopic ratios at _Nd= 0 to + 2, low Rb/Sr ratios, and low U and Th concentrations. This depleted signature contrasts with the enriched one in potassic back-arc Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ) lavas over the steeper subduction zone to the north and is attributed to several processes in the shallow subduction zone. First, deep crustal (MASH) processes in the nearly normal thickness crust beneath Pocho incorporated depleted Proterozoic basement components, and not complexly mixed structurally thickened crustal components as in the CVZ. Second, the association of Pocho volcanism with the arrival of the slab allowed little time for modification of the mantle by subduction components. Third, Miocene shallowing of the subduction zone beneath the flat-slab required thinning of both the astenosphere and the subcontinental lithosphere. Thus, an important subcrustal component could be from blocks removed from the base of the lithosphere to the west and recycled into the asthenosphere. Similar magmatic sources would have existed during Laramide shallow subduction in western North America.Deceased  相似文献   

The COVID-19 pandemic and global environmental change: Emerging research needs     

Robert Barouki  Manolis Kogevinas  Karine Audouze  Kristine Belesova  Ake Bergman  Linda Birnbaum  Sandra Boekhold  Sebastien Denys  Celine Desseille  Elina Drakvik  Howard Frumkin  Jeanne Garric  Delphine Destoumieux-Garzon  Andrew Haines  Anke Huss  Genon Jensen  Spyros Karakitsios  Jana Klanova  Paolo Vineis 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2013

The outbreak of COVID-19 raised numerous questions on the interactions between the occurrence of new infections, the environment, climate and health. The European Union requested the H2020 HERA project which aims at setting priorities in research on environment, climate and health, to identify relevant research needs regarding Covid-19. The emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 appears to be related to urbanization, habitat destruction, live animal trade, intensive livestock farming and global travel. The contribution of climate and air pollution requires additional studies. Importantly, the severity of COVID-19 depends on the interactions between the viral infection, ageing and chronic diseases such as metabolic, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and obesity which are themselves influenced by environmental stressors. The mechanisms of these interactions deserve additional scrutiny. Both the pandemic and the social response to the disease have elicited an array of behavioural and societal changes that may remain long after the pandemic and that may have long term health effects including on mental health. Recovery plans are currently being discussed or implemented and the environmental and health impacts of those plans are not clearly foreseen. Clearly, COVID-19 will have a long-lasting impact on the environmental health field and will open new research perspectives and policy needs.  相似文献   

Changing climate extremes in the Northeast United States: observations and projections from CMIP5   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jeanne M. Thibeault  Anji Seth 《Climatic change》2014,127(2):273-287

Climate extremes indices are evaluated for the northeast United States and adjacent Canada (Northeast) using gridded observations and twenty-three CMIP5 coupled models. Previous results have demonstrated observed increases in warm and wet extremes and decreases in cold extremes, consistent with changes expected in a warming world. Here, a significant shift is found in the distribution of observed total annual precipitation over 1981-2010. In addition, significant positive trends are seen in all observed wet precipitation indices over 1951-2010. For the Northeast region, CMIP5 models project significant shifts in the distributions of most temperature and precipitation indices by 2041-2070. By the late century, the coldest (driest) future extremes are projected to be warmer (wetter) than the warmest (wettest) extremes at present. The multimodel interquartile range compares well with observations, providing a measure of confidence in the projections in this region. Spatial analysis suggests that the largest increases in heavy precipitation extremes are projected for northern, coastal, and mountainous areas. Results suggest that the projected increase in total annual precipitation is strongly influenced by increases in winter wet extremes. The largest decreases in cold extremes are projected for northern and interior portions of the Northeast, while the largest increases in summer warm extremes are projected for densely populated southern, central, and coastal areas. This study provides a regional analysis and verification of the latest generation of CMIP global models specifically for the Northeast, useful to stakeholders focused on understanding and adapting to climate change and its impacts in the region.  相似文献   

Can simulations reproduce the observed temperature–mass relation for clusters of galaxies?     

Peter A.Thomas  OrrarujeeMuanwong  Scott T.Kay  rew R.Liddle 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,330(2):L48-L52

It has become increasingly apparent that traditional hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy clusters are unable to reproduce the observed properties of galaxy clusters, in particular overpredicting the mass corresponding to a given cluster temperature. Such overestimation may lead to systematic errors in results using galaxy clusters as cosmological probes, such as constraints on the density perturbation normalization σ ₈. In this paper we demonstrate that inclusion of additional gas physics, namely radiative cooling and a possible pre-heating of gas prior to cluster formation, is able to bring the temperature–mass relation in the innermost parts of clusters into good agreement with recent determinations by Allen, Schmidt & Fabian using Chandra data.  相似文献   

A comparison of three approaches to spatial generalization of rainfall–runoff models     

A. L. Kay  D. A. Jones  S. M. Crooks  A. Calver  N. S. Reynard 《水文研究》2006,20(18):3953-3973

The generalization of the parameters of rainfall–runoff models, to enable application at ungauged sites, is an important and ongoing area of research. This paper compares the performance of three alternative methods of generalization, for two parameter‐sparse conceptual models (PDM and TATE), specifically for use in flood frequency estimation using continuous simulation. Two of the methods are based on fitting regression relationships between catchment properties and calibrated parameter values, using weighted or sequential regression (with weights based on estimates of calibration uncertainty), and the third is based on the use of pooling groups, defined through measures of site‐similarity based on catchment properties. The study uses a relatively large sample of catchments in Britain. For the PDM, the site‐similarity method performs best, but not greatly better than either regression method, so there may be cases where the use of regression would be preferable. For the TATE model, weighted regression performs best (with a very similar level of performance to that of the PDM with site‐similarity), whereas site‐similarity performs worst (due to poor performance for catchments with higher baseflow), indicating that the choice of model and generalization method should not be separated. The use of sequential regression, which was developed to try to allow for parameter interdependence, shows no clear advantage for either model. Other than the poor performance of the TATE model with site‐similarity for catchments with a higher baseflow index, there are no clear relationships between performance of any model/method and catchment type. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Simulated X-ray cluster temperature maps     

Lesley I. Onuora  Scott T. Kay  Peter A. Thomas 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,341(4):1246-1252

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The power spectrum amplitude from clusters revisited: σ₈ using simulations with pre-heating and cooling     

Pedro T. P. Viana  Scott T. Kay  rew R. Liddle  Orrarujee Muanwong  Peter A. Thomas 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,346(1):319-326

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The merger history of clusters and its effect on the X-ray properties of the intracluster medium     

David R. Rowley  Peter A. Thomas  Scott T. Kay 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,352(2):508-522

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