The Characteristics of Atmospheric Ice Nuclei Measured at Different Altitudes in the Huangshan Mountains in Southeast China简   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

JIANG Hui  YIN Yan  YANG Lei  YANG Shaozhong  SU Hang  and CHEN Kui 《大气科学进展》2014,31(2):396-406

The concentration of ice nuclei （IN） and the relationship with aerosol particles were measured and analyzed using three 5-L mixing cloud chambers and a static diffusion cloud chamber at three altitudes in the Huangshan Mountains in Southeast China from May to September 2011.The results showed that the mean total number concentration of IN on the highest peak of the Huangshan Mountains at an activation temperature （Ta） of-20℃C was 16.6 L-1.When the supersaturation with respect to water （Sw） and with respect to ice （Si） were set to 5％,the average number concentrations of IN measured at an activation temperature of-20℃C by the static diffusion cloud chamber were 0.89 and 0.105 L-1,respectively.A comparison of the concentrations of IN at three different altitudes showed that the concentration of IN at the foot of the mountains was higher than at the peak.A further calculation of the correlation between IN and the concentrations of aerosol particles of different size ranges showed that the IN concentration was well correlated with the concentration of aerosol particles in the size range of 1.2-20 μtm.It was also found that the IN concentration varied with meteorological conditions,such as wind speed,with higher IN concentrations often observed on days with strong wind.An analysis of the backward trajectories of air masses showed that low IN concentrations were often related to air masses travelling along southwest pathways,while higher IN concentrations were usually related to those transported along northeast pathways.  相似文献   

An Overview of BCC Climate System Model Development and Application for Climate Change Studies          下载免费PDF全文

WU Tongwen  SONG Lianchun  LI Weiping  WANG Zaizhi  ZHANG Hu  XIN Xiaoge  ZHANG Yanwu  ZHANG Li  LI Jianglong  WU Fanghu  LIU Yiming  ZHANG Fang  SHI Xueli  CHU Min  ZHANG Jie  FANG Yongjie  WANG Fang  LU Yixiong  LIU Xiangwen  WEI Min  LIU Qianxi  ZHOU Wenyan  DONG Min  ZHAO Qigeng  JI Jinjun  Laurent LI  ZHOU Mingyu 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(1):34-56

This paper reviews recent progress in the development of the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model(BCC-CSM) and its four component models(atmosphere,land surface,ocean,and sea ice).Two recent versions are described:BCC-CSM1.1 with coarse resolution(approximately 2.8125°×2.8125°) and BCC-CSM1.1(m) with moderate resolution(approximately 1.125°×1.125°).Both versions are fully coupled climate-carbon cycle models that simulate the global terrestrial and oceanic carbon cycles and include dynamic vegetation.Both models well simulate the concentration and temporal evolution of atmospheric CO_2 during the 20th century with anthropogenic CO2 emissions prescribed.Simulations using these two versions of the BCC-CSM model have been contributed to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase five(CMIP5) in support of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report(AR5).These simulations are available for use by both national and international communities for investigating global climate change and for future climate projections.Simulations of the 20th century climate using BCC-CSMl.l and BCC-CSMl.l(m) are presented and validated,with particular focus on the spatial pattern and seasonal evolution of precipitation and surface air temperature on global and continental scales.Simulations of climate during the last millennium and projections of climate change during the next century are also presented and discussed.Both BCC-CSMl.l and BCC-CSMl.l(m) perform well when compared with other CMIP5 models.Preliminary analyses indicate that the higher resolution in BCC-CSM1.1(m) improves the simulation of mean climate relative to BCC-CSMl.l,particularly on regional scales.  相似文献   

大尺度环流的年代际变化对初夏华南持续性暴雨的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

刘蕾  孙颖  张蓬勃 《气象学报》2014,72(4):690-702

利用1961-2010年中国逐日降水数据和NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料集,研究了大尺度环流的年代际变化对不同频发年代华南持续性暴雨的影响。结果表明,虽然过去50年里华南持续性暴雨的发生存在两个频发时段(20世纪60年代中期到70年代中期、20世纪90年代初到2010年),其典型环流配置都表现为中高纬度冷空气和低纬度充沛水汽的配合,但不同频发时段的大尺度环流配置明显不同,这种配置使得两个频发时段的暴雨发生特点有所不同,最近20年的暴雨发生次数更多,强度更强,持续时间更长。在频发的1964-1976年,高纬度的冷空气主要来自西西伯利亚上空深厚的低槽前部,而此时南亚高压偏弱,西太平洋副热带高压偏弱、偏东,低纬度的水汽主要来自孟加拉湾印缅低压槽前,可降水量偏小,但垂直速度较大,水汽辐合较旺盛,华南上空大气环流较不稳定;在频发的1991-2010年,鄂霍次克海上空附近的高压脊活跃,高纬度冷空气主要来自高压后部,低纬度西太平洋副热带高压偏强,位置偏西,其西北侧的水汽源源不断输送到华南上空,故可降水量增多,伴随着强大的南亚高压提供的良好的高层辐散条件,华南上空垂直速度增大,水汽辐合明显,强有利的环流配置导致1991-2010年华南持续性暴雨强度更大、范围更广。因此,大气环流的年代际转型使得华南持续性暴雨发生了巨大改变,故在未来做预测时应充分考虑不同年代际环流背景场对华南持续性暴雨的重要影响。  相似文献   

Statistical Characteristics of Convective Initiation in the Beijing-Tianjin Region Revealed by Six-Year Radar Data          下载免费PDF全文

WANG Yu  HAN Lei  WANG Hongqing 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(6):1127-1136

Characteristics of convective initiation (CI) in the Beijing-Tianjin region during the warm season of2008-2013 are examined. A total of 38877 CI cases are identified by a thunderstorm identification, tracking, analysis, and nowcasting algorithm. CI cases are evaluated in the context of associated terrain, weather systems, and land cover properties. The spatial distribution of all CI cases shows that there are dense CI activities around the 200-m elevation, which means that convective storms are more easily triggered over foothills. From 1500-1800 to 0300-0600 BT (Beijing Time), the high-occurrence CI region tends to propagate southeastward (i.e., from mountains to plains, then to ocean). Among the four local weather systems, the Mongolian cold vortex has the highest CI frequency while the after-trough system has the lowest CI frequency. For the land cover relationships with CI, the urban land cover has the highest CI density and the forest-type land cover has the second highest CI density; these two types of land cover are more conducive to CI formation.  相似文献   

Natural variability of summer rainfall over China in HadCM3   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yonghui Lei  Brian Hoskins  Julia Slingo 《Climate Dynamics》2014,42(1-2):417-432

Summer rainfall over China has shown decadal variability in the past half century, which has resulted in major north–south shifts in rainfall with important implications for flooding and water resource management. This study has demonstrated how multi-century climate model simulations can be used to explore interdecadal natural variability in the climate system in order to address important questions around recent changes in Chinese summer rainfall, and whether or not anthropogenic climate change is playing a role. Using a 1,000-year simulation of HadCM3 with constant pre-industrial external forcing, the dominant modes of total and interdecadal natural variability in Chinese summer rainfall have been analysed. It has been shown that these modes are comparable in magnitude and in temporal and spatial characteristics to those observed in the latter part of the twentieth century. However, despite 1,000 years of model simulation it has not been possible to demonstrate that these modes are related to similar variations in the global circulation and surface temperature forcing occurring during the latter half of the twentieth century. This may be in part due to model biases. Consequently, recent changes in the spatial distribution of Chinese summer rainfall cannot be attributed solely to natural variability, nor has it been possible to eliminate the likelihood that anthropogenic climate change has been the driving factor. It is more likely that both play a role.  相似文献   

北京气候中心气候系统模式研发进展——在气候变化研究中的应用   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

吴统文  宋连春  李伟平  王在志  张华  辛晓歌  张艳武  张莉  李江龙  吴方华  刘一鸣  张芳  史学丽  储敏  张洁  房永杰  汪方  路屹雄  刘向文  魏敏  刘茜霞  周文艳  董敏  赵其庚  季劲钧  Laurent Li  周明煜 《气象学报》2014,72(1):12-29

较全面地介绍了北京气候中心气候系统模式(BCC_CSM)研发所取得的一些进展及其在气候变化研究中的应用,重点介绍了全球近280 km较低分辨率的全球海-陆-气-冰-生物多圈层耦合的气候系统模式BCC_CSM1.1和110 km中等大气分辨率的BCC_CSM1.1(m),以及大气、陆面、海洋、海冰各分量模式的发展。BCC_CSM1.1和BCC_CSM1.1(m)气候系统模式均包含了全球碳循环和动态植被过程。当给定全球人类活动导致的碳源排放后,就可以模拟和预估人类活动对气候变化的影响。BCC_CSM1.1和BCC_CSM1.1(m)已应用于IPCC AR5模式比较,为中外开展气候变化机理分析和未来气候变化预估提供了大量的试验数据。还介绍了BCC_CSM1.1和BCC_CSM1.1(m)参与国际耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5)的大量试验分析评估结果,BCC_CSM能够较好地模拟20世纪气温和降水等气候平均态和季节变化特征,以及近1000年的历史气候变化,所预估的未来100年气候变化与国际上其他模式的CMIP5试验预估结果相当。初步的分析表明,分辨率相对高的BCC_CSM1.1(m)在区域气候平均态的模拟上优于分辨率较低的BCC_CSM1.1。  相似文献   

Tree mortality in response to climate change induced drought across Beijing,China     

Xiongqing Zhang  Yuancai Lei  Yong Pang  Xianzhao Liu  Jinzeng Wang 《Climatic change》2014,124(1-2):179-190

Tree mortality in response to climate change induced drought has emerged as a global concern. Small changes of tree mortality rates can profoundly affect forest structure, composition, dynamics and ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration. Our analyses of longitudinal data from natural stands (82 plots) in Beijing showed that tree mortality rates have increased significantly over the two decades from 1986 to 2006. In contrast, recruitment rates decreased significantly over this period. The increase in overall mortality rates resulted from an increase in tree deaths dominantly attributed to changes in temperature and precipitation resulting in drier conditions across latitudes, elevations, tree species, and tree sizes. In addition, the results showed that mortality rates of Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis) (β ₁ ?=?0.0874) as a result of climate change induce drought were much smaller than oak (Quercus) (β ₁ ?=?0.1583).  相似文献   

结合地形因子与分层策略的喀斯特地区无人机影像分类     

贾煜  汪泓  蔡宏  张磊 《测绘通报》2022,(2):121-127

西南喀斯特山区地形起伏较大,地物分布较为破碎,致使传统的光谱特征一次分类方法的精度较低。本文基于高分辨率无人机正射影像和地形指标,充分利用无人机遥感影像空间特征、光谱特征、纹理特征及地形特征,采取面向对象CART决策树算法与分层策略提取了研究区土地覆盖类型。研究表明,结合空间地形因子和分层策略的方法减少了破碎区地物间的相干扰,故具有较高的分类精度,总体分类精度达91.2%,Kappa系数为0.87,较传统一次分类精度提高了9.8%,Kappa系数提高了0.13。该方法对西南喀斯特地区土地覆盖解译精度较好,可为土地利用监测提供参考。  相似文献   

多视角监控视频中动态目标的时空信息提取方法     

李景文  韦晶闪  姜建武  陆妍玲  刘垒  唐一飞  李旭 《测绘学报》2022,51(3):388-400

监控视频中动态目标的精准定位与跟踪作为计算机视觉领域中重要的研究方向,近年来已成为监控领域的研究热点。传统视频动态目标检测仅依赖图像特征数据,忽略了与地理坐标系精准匹配,特别是对于多个摄像机覆盖的区域,拍摄的角度不同,投影后形成的图像空间分辨率也不同,因此,难以满足智能监控在复杂的地理场景中全方位时空信息感知。本文提出一种多摄像头协同的视频监控图像与地理空间数据互映射模型构建方法来获取动态目标的轮廓和地理位置等时空信息,首先建立监控图像信息与地理空间数据的互映射关系,将观测角度不同、尺度不同和空间分辨率的监控图像置于同一坐标系下,并在此基础上通过融合Canny算子与背景减法来检测目标的边缘信息;然后采用质心偏移算法还原目标在该场景的实际位置,从而实现多角度下连续跟踪,提升地理场景的时空理解力和分析力,提高动态目标的精准定位与跟踪能力。  相似文献   

融合多尺度视网膜图像增强的动态云检测     

陈法融  房松松 《测绘通报》2022,(11):62

云检测是气象卫星各类定量遥感产品的基础,无论是以云图为基础的天气分析还是以去云为前提的各类大气和地表参数反演、沙尘火情等灾害检测,都需要对遥感影像中的云进行准确识别,尤其是薄云和云边缘等细节识别。针对静止气象卫星(以Himawari-8为例)精细化云检测,本文提出了一种基于多尺度视网膜图像增强的动态云检测算法。该算法基于云层与背景信息辐射特征不同的原理,构建可见光和红外波段的晴空辐射背景场,通过多尺度图像增强和最大类间差方法对辐射差值进行云细节信息的增强和提取。利用2021-2022年的75景MODIS云检测产品作为验证数据进行算法精度验证,整体上算法精度达到91.13%,召回率为94.02%,精确率为86.71%,有较强的适用性和稳健性,且已经较好地支撑了近两年的定量遥感产品业务化应用。  相似文献