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31.
A regional scale investigation was performed to study the contamination and transfer of Ni, Cr, Co, Al, Cd and Hg and their relations with Fe, V and Ti in the soil-rice system under actual field conditions from a typical developed industrial area. Thirty-two pairs of rice and soil samples were collected in Suzhou region, China. The results show that the transfer abilities of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) were generally in the order of Cd > Hg > Co > Ni > Cr > Al from soil to root, Hg > Cr > Al > Ni > Cd > Co from root to straw and Ni > Hg > Cr > Cd > Al > Co from straw to grain. Compared with the relevant criterion, the major pollutants in rice grains were Al and Ni. 18.8 and 12.5 % of grain samples were contaminated by Al and Ni, respectively. Besides the increased soil PTEs concentrations, the enhanced transfer of Ni and Al from rice root to grain via straw may play another crucial role in Ni and Al contamination of rice grain. The relatively weaker transfer ability of Co in the rice plant may be conducive to the rice grain keeping an uncontaminated level of Co. Additionally, Al, Ni, Cr and Co showed high correlations with each other, and they also had a close association with Fe, V and Ti in soil and rice. These correlations imply that Fe, V and Ti may play an important role in the transfer, accumulation and speciation of Al, Ni, Cr and Co in the soil-rice system. 相似文献
32.
Road impacts on spatial patterns of land use and landscape fragmentation in three parallel rivers region, Yunnan Province, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The structure and function of network is a central issue in landscape ecology.Road networks with hierarchical structure are crucial for understanding landscape dynamics.In this study,we compared the distribution of national road,provincial road,county road and rural road in the Three Parallel Rivers Region(TPRR)in Yunnan Province of China,and estimated the effect of roads(and other factors)on the spatial patterns of land use and land cover with logistic regression.In addition,we analyzed the land use and land cover change(LUCC)and landscape fragmentation in 1989–2005 along a buffer zone of the primary traffic corridor,national road G214.The results showed that,county and rural roads had much higher percentage of length extending into more natural habitats at higher elevation and steeper slope,compared with the higher level roads in this region.While the distributions of natural land cover types were dominated by environmental factors,human land use types i.e.,building land and farmland types were significantly related with roads,linking more closely with lower level roads.The LUCC dynamics(1989–2005)of the G214 buffer zone showed a general trend of land transformation from conifer forests and valley arid shrubs to building land and farmland,and from ice and snow to alpine shrubs and forests.With the length of G214 unchanged during the time,the overall landscape pattern changed little in the buffer zone,but habitat fragmentation and area decrease had occurred for the natural vegetation types,in contrast to patch mergence and expansion of human land use types,and landscape fragmentation was intensified above 2500 m a.s.l.but declined below the elevation.The results indicated the dynamics of landscape composition and patch type level distribution in spite of the stability of the overall landscape pattern,and implied the potential role of roads,especially the low level roads on landscape changes. 相似文献
33.
都市圈是社会劳动分工的产物,是城市发展的高级空间形态.目前,我国的城镇化已进行至后半场,都市圈在国家空间规划体系中起着承上启下的关键作用,向上链接城市群、经济带,向下衔接中心城市及其辐射区域.都市圈不是仅凭地理关系撮合而成,也并非基于简单的通勤1小时交通尺度来丈量,而是由内在的功能互补等因素决定,是自然的选择.为科学划... 相似文献
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天山典型林带积雪的多角度遥感识别 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
天山中段的山地针叶林带很大程度上影响了该地区整体卫星雪盖的识别精度,多角度卫星遥感技术的发展为林区积雪识别提供了新的途径。本文选取了2000年4月至2001年6月,10个时段研究区内无云覆盖的(Multi-angle Imaging Spectro Radiometer)MISR多角度数据,首先对红光波段不同角度观测结果组成的角度谱图像进行非监督分类,以确定天山林带的分布区域,然后在玛纳斯河中下游与那拉提山东部选取典型像元,分析这些像元红光波段各角度反射率在林区不同积雪覆盖状况下的表现差异。研究发现,若林区存在积雪,0°,±26.1°,±45.6°五个观测角度反射率的平均值大于0.1,在部分降雪月份,后向45.6°观测的反射率大于天顶方向观测的2.5倍。根据这一结论,给出基于MISR数据的研究区不同时段的积雪识别结果。结果表明,MISR红光波段对林区积雪反应敏感,不同角度观测的反射率在林区有雪和无雪时差异较大,故可利用多角度遥感信息进行林区积雪识别。 相似文献
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活动层含水量是表征多年冻土区气候、水文和生态过程的关键参数。长期以来,由于受多年冻土区活动层水分实测样点数量稀少的限制,各类基于遥感反演、模式模拟乃至数据融合和同化等手段生产的土壤水分空间数据均存在着较大的误差。2020年10—11月在青藏高原腹地（沱沱河源区）测定了 1 072组活动层土壤含水量数据并进行分析,探讨了该时段该区域活动层土壤水分的空间差异,并与全球陆面数据同化系统数据产品（GLDAS-Noah）和欧洲中期天气预报中心发布的第五代再分析资料（ERA5-Land）进行了对比分析。结果表明,在该区域平均厚度为2.72 m的活动层内,土壤质量含水量（总含水量）约为14.0%,活动层土壤含水量与植被发育情况存在正相关关系。除高寒沼泽草甸类型外,高寒草甸与高寒草原类型的活动层含水量随深度的增加呈现出先减小后增大的变化趋势。不同坡位类型的活动层含水量呈上坡位>下坡位>中坡位>平坡位,阳坡水分高于阴坡且两者活动层剖面水分变化相似。多年冻土区浅表层0~350 cm深度范围内的土壤含水量大于区内融区同深度的土壤含水量,两者土壤剖面水分分布均呈现出先增大后减小再增大的特征。该区域的GLDAS-Noah同化水分产品与实测数据对比的误差在10%以内,比ERA5-Land再分析土壤水分数据更为准确,但两种数据产品对土壤剖面上的水分垂直分布情况描述均与实测数据有较大差异。该研究结果可以为数据同化系统的模式冻融参数化方案优化及遥感水分产品研发提供科学依据。 相似文献
36.
玄武岩CO2 地质封存相比于常规的封存技术（如驱油驱气注入封存和深部咸水层封存）,具有能促进快速碳矿化、封存效果长期且安全及封存容量巨大等明显优点。目前玄武岩CO2 封存理论方面的研究已经取得了大量进展：① 对常见主要成岩矿物的封存能力进行了排序;② 进一步了解玄武岩的矿物成分、玄武岩层内孔隙分布特征及其形成机理;③ 完善了对玄武岩CO2 封存机理、反应速率及影响因素等方面的认识;④ 查明了玄武岩在地球上的分布并评估了各种典型玄武岩的封存潜力;⑤ 发现适合于CO2 封存的场地主要包括大陆溢流型玄武岩、洋底高原玄武岩和洋中脊玄武岩等三种类型,并对目标储层选择提出了初步评价标准。本文在综述玄武岩固碳机理、玄武岩CO2 地质封存潜力及封存场地与目标储层选择的基础上,介绍了世界上已有的三个玄武岩CO2 地质封存工程示范项目：冰岛Carbfix、美国Wallula和日本Nagaoka,探讨了玄武岩CO2 地质封存存在的若干问题：① 反应速率受多种因素影响,对最终封存效果起着决定性作用;② 堵塞或压裂和保护层会影响注入封存的稳定性或可持续性;③ 封存潜力评价方法和结果不同;④ 封存场地选址和储层选择缺乏统一标准与规范;⑤ Carbfix方法的使用受限。 相似文献
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Taking insight into genetic mechanisms of coalbed methane (CBM) can provide an effective approach for evaluating the value of CBM resources. In this study, the geo-temperature and the thermal subsidence history were used to investigate the effect of the present geothermal field characteristic on the genetic mechanisms of CBM at the Huaibei Coalfield. The results showed that the Permian coal strata in the study areas had a relatively low geo-temperature (< 50°C), high vitrinite reflectance (Ro,max; 0.75%-1.2%) and a coal rank typical of intermediate-high metamorphic bituminous. Comprehensive analyses of the characteristics of the present geothermal field indicate that the CBM at the Huaibei Coalfield are dominated by secondary biogenic gases. Furthermore, the genetic mechanism towards CBM was further proposed based on the tectonic evolution history: (1) Tectonic thrusting contributed to Ro,max values ranging from 0.5% to 3.0%, with maximum geo-temperatures of 140–180°C, which resulted in the generation of thermogenic CBM. (2) An extensional regime contributed to gradual uplift of the Permian coal-bearing strata, with the gradual escape of CBM at burial depths greater than 700m. (3) A large number of faults and hydrodynamic environments greatly promoted the microbial degradation of the early thermogenic gases, resulting in generation of secondary biogenic gases. 相似文献
38.
湖南省乡村贫困的影响因素及调控路径研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
贫困是当今世界尖锐的社会问题之一,贫困问题的研究对于改善民生、保障民生和推动贫困地区的社会经济发展具有十分重要的意义。本文以湖南省51个贫困县为例,综合运用熵值法、空间回归分析等方法,从人口结构、居住条件、收入状况与家庭支出4个方面构建贫困测度指标体系,对乡村贫困空间分异特征、影响因素、类型划分、调控路径等进行研究。结果表明：① 湖南省乡村贫困的空间分布呈现出显著的差异性,总体上以轻度贫困和一般贫困为主,比较贫困所占比例较少,比较贫困主要位于武陵山连片特困地区,包括怀化与湘西地区。② 湖南省乡村贫困是区域自然条件和外部社会经济因素相互作用、交互影响的结果,乡村贫困与县均海拔、自然灾害发生面积、农林牧渔业总产值、乡村产业结构及城乡居民收入比呈正相关关系,与农业机械化总动力和人均耕地面积呈负相关关系。③ 基于乡村贫困的测度结果对湖南省51个贫困县进行类型划分,共分为单因素主导型、双因素驱动型、多因素综合型3个大类和P因素主导型、P-E因素驱动型、P-H-E因素综合型等14个小类,并从基础设施建设、文化教育、职业能力培训以及特色产业发展对不同类型贫困县提出相应的脱贫措施。 相似文献
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最短时间路径规划是一种典型的最小代价路径规划,也是GIS领域中非常重要的一项研究.传统算法较少研究包括气象、光照、电磁等随时间连续变化环境下的全局规划问题.针对这个问题,建立动态时空环境影响模型,对动态环境在时间和空间上的变化进行统一栅格化表达,并以此为基础进行全局最优的最小代价路径规划.实验证明,在环境预测准确的情况... 相似文献
40.