Istanbul natural gas network rapid response and risk mitigation system     

Can Zulfikar  Mustafa Erdik  Erdal Safak  Hikmet Biyikoglu  Cagatay Kariptas 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2016,14(9):2565-2578

This paper describes a rapid response and risk mitigation system Istanbul Natural Gas Distribution Network Seismic Risk Reduction Project (IGRAS) for the Istanbul Natural Gas Network (IGDA?). Upon the trigger signal received from the earthquake early warning system in Istanbul, the real-time algorithm at IGRAS system district regulators checks the threshold levels of ground-motion parameters and interrupts the gas flow if any exceedance is detected. Then the system: (1) produces almost real-time earthquake hazard maps by using on-line strong-motion data from the strong-motion network in Istanbul: (2) estimates the distribution of damage to the natural gas network; and (3) transfers these damage distribution maps to stakeholders to enable dispatching rapid response teams to high damage areas.  相似文献   

Combination of Syringe–Solid Phase Extraction with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Efficient Heavy Metals Detection          下载免费PDF全文

Mohamed A. Habila  Zeid A. ALOthman  Ahmed Mohamed El‐Toni  Mustafa Soylak 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(6):720-727

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Dependency of unit shaft resistance on in-situ stress: Observations derived from collected field data     

Ahmed Shlash Alawneh  Osama K. Nusier  Mustafa Al-Kateeb 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2003,21(1):29-46

In this study, a database comprised of 30 pullout pile load tests was collected from geotechnical literature and analyzed to investigate the dependency of unit shaft resistance on effective vertical stress. The collected database consists of steel pipe, timber, and concrete piles, with varying normalized penetration depth with respect to pile diameter, driven into loose to very dense sand. Different correlations for the uplift lateral earth pressure coefficient K, Bjerrum-Burland ratio , and the average unit shaft resistance f _ave were derived using different assumptions. A comparison between measured and predicted capacities of the collected piles using the developed correlations indicated that the assumption of values of K and that were constant with depth did not provide a reasonable fit for the measured capacities of the collected piles and thus this assumption is inappropriate. The best correlations for K and that yield a reasonable fit to the measured capacities of the collected piles were found to be functions of sand relative density, pile diameter, and level of effective vertical stress. This indicates that average unit shaft resistance does not reach a limiting value, but rather continues to increase with depth. Moreover, the correlations for K and in terms of effective stress revealed that average unit shaft resistance increases as pile diameter decreases and this increase depends on initial sand relative density. Comparisons of measured and predicted pullout capacities of the collected piles using the best-obtained correlations for K and were made and compared to predictionsobtained from other methods. On the basis of these comparisons, it is concluded that the correlations for K and in terms of effective stress give results comparable to those obtained from other methods, without stipulating limiting values for the average unit shaft resistance.  相似文献   

Weak field limit and tests of a relativistic theory of gravity     

Errol Mustafa  Jeffrey M. Cohen 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1992,193(1):1-7

Static spherically-symmetric solutions to the linearized field equations of a generalized scalartensor theory of gravity are derived. The gravitational potential outside such a source is determined; it is found that this potential can have an intermediate range variation. The question of whether such an intermediate range variation would manifest itself in two experiments is addressed.  相似文献   

A geohazard reconnaissance study based on geoscientific information for development needs of the western region of Istanbul (Turkey)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tamer Y. Duman  Tolga Can  Reşat Ulusay  Mustafa Keçer  Omer Emre  Serafettin Ateş  Ibrahim Gedik 《Environmental Geology》2005,48(7):871-888

The role of geoenvironmental information is becoming increasingly important as legislative changes have forced developers and planning authorities to consider more implications and impact on the environment of large-scale development initiatives. Therefore, integration of surface and subsurface geoscientific information for development needs has prime importance and provides a means of identifying potential problems and opportunities at an early stage in any planned development. However, from the experience of recent natural disasters, it is evident that this was not case the taken into consideration in many countries. In addition to thousands of casualties, many urbanized areas, industrial districts and large-scale engineering structures suffered severe damages from the natural hazards due to many reasons including the lack of preliminary engineering geological maps and zoning maps of the settlement areas. Turkey is one of the countries which is exposed to natural hazards such as earthquakes, landslides and floods. In particular, the devastating 1999 Kocaeli earthquake, which affected the Marmara Region of Turkey, focused the attention on densely urbanized and industrialized metropolitan areas such as Istanbul. The rapid growth of Istanbul, particularly towards west with minimal geoscientific information resulted in an overwhelming pressure on the natural environment. In addition, a large earthquake, which is expected to occur in the Marmara Sea within the next 30 years, also pose a threat to the city and its surroundings. In this study, on the basis of the geological, geomorphological and geophysical reconnaissance study, an integrated geoscientific data were collected from the western region of Istanbul and evaluated for geohazards. The paper focuses on the geological and geomorphological aspects that control the occurrence of some geohazards such as earthquake-induced liquefaction, landslides and flooding. In this context, the geological map of the region was revised and Quaternary deposits were classified into 11 units, in detail. Liquefaction-prone areas were evaluated by using geomorphological criteria based on field investigation, by the examination of the available records from 88 boreholes drilled on recent deposits and by the data from resistivity profiles. The landslides within the region were classified according to their type, relative depth and activity. In addition, fluvial and marine flood-prone areas were also delimited within the region. Finally, a series of maps such as landslide inventory maps, and maps showing liquefaction- and flood-prone areas were produced with the aid of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to assist in designing further detailed site investigations and to reduce costs by ensuring a more focused approach to strategic planning and site selection.  相似文献   

Continuing observation of disturbed reproductive cycle and ovarian spermatogenesis in the giant abalone, Haliotis madaka from an organotin-contaminated site of Japan     

Toshihiro Horiguchi  Mitsuhiro Kojima  Naoyuki Takiguchi  Miyuki Kaya  Hiroaki Shiraishi  Masatoshi Morita 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(8-12):817

Histological examination of gonads as well as chemical analysis of organotin compounds in tissues of the giant abalone, Haliotis madaka, was conducted to evaluate continuing endocrine disruption in abalone populations in Japan. Abalone specimens were collected from two different areas, Tsushima as a reference site and Jogashima as a site representative of declining abalone populations where serious organotin contamination had been observed, each month from January 1998 to March 1999. Scores were given to the development stages of reproductive cells in the ovary and testis. The degree of sexual maturation was evaluated by calculating the mean value of a histogram of these scores for the reproductive cells of each abalone. The temporal variations in degree of sexual maturation showed that female and male abalone from Tsushima matured synchronously, while those from Jogashima did not, which were similar to results of the previous study during September 1995–November 1996. Approximately 19% of the female abalone from Jogashima were masculinized with an ovo-testis, which was also similar to the result of the previous study. The masculinization of female abalone is reported to be induced by tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) from antifouling paints. Concentrations of the sum of butyltins (TBT, dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT): ΣBTs) and the sum of phenyltins (TPhT, diphenyltin (DPhT) and monophenyltin (MPhT): ΣPhTs) in the muscle of abalone from Jogashima (n = 73) of 7.8 ± 9.0 ng/g wet wt. and 4.5 ± 6.8 ng/g wet wt., respectively, were significantly higher than those from Tsushima (n = 87) of 4.7 ± 4.9 ng/g wet wt. and 0.8 ± 1.7 ng/g wet wt., respectively (p < 0.05 for ΣBTs; p < 0.001 for ΣPhTs), although concentrations of TBT and TPhT in the muscle of abalone from Jogashima (n = 73) of 2.2 ± 2.5 ng/g wet wt. and 5.8 ± 5.1 ng/g wet wt., respectively, were insignificantly and significantly higher than those from Tsushima (n = 87) of 0.4 ± 0.6 ng/g wet wt. and 0.5 ± 0.9 ng/g wet wt., respectively, (p > 0.05 for TBT; p < 0.001 for TPhT). Thus, endocrine disruption as well as contamination by organotins in the giant abalone from Jogashima is still persisting.  相似文献   

Microzonation of Zeytinburnu region with respect to soil amplification: A case study     

Havvanur K&#x;l&#x;  Pelin Tohumcu zener  Atilla Ansal  Mustafa Y&#x;ld&#x;r&#x;m  Kutay zayd&#x;n  enol Adatepe 《Engineering Geology》2006,86(4):238-255

A microzonation study is performed as a part of the Zeytinburnu Pilot Project within the framework of the Earthquake Master Plan for Istanbul to determine the effects of local soil conditions on the earthquake forces that will act on structures. For this purpose, detailed geological and geotechnical studies are conducted at the site, a geological map which demonstrates the local geological features of the site is prepared, and the site is classified with respect to the dynamic behaviour based on the data gathered from the soil borings. In order to investigate the effects of local soil conditions on the dynamic behaviour, site response analyses are performed with the computer code EERA by utilizing the findings of field and laboratory investigations. The behaviour of the region during a probable earthquake is investigated through one dimensional response analyses and microzonation maps are prepared with respect to ground shaking intensity in accordance with the new microzonation manual [Ansal, A., Laue, J., Buchheister, J., Erdik, M., Springman, S., Studer, J., and Koksal, D., 2004. “Site characterization and site amplification for a seismic microzonation study in Turkey” 11th Int. Conference on Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering and 3rd Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, San Francisco; Studer, J. and Ansal, A., 2004. Belediyeler için Sismik Mikrobölgeleme El Kitabı, Araştırma Raporu, Afet İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Bayındırlık ve İskan Bakanlığı, Afet Risk Yönetimi Dünya Enstitüsü].  相似文献   

Hydrogeochemical properties of CO2-rich thermal–mineral waters in Kayseri (Central Anatolia), Turkey     

Mustafa Afşin  İlkay Kuşcu  Hatim Elhatip  Kadir Dirik 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(1):24-36

The present study highlights the hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical characteristics of the CO₂-rich thermal–mineral waters in Kayseri, Turkey. These waters of Dokuzpınar cold spring (DPS) (12–13°C), Yeşilhisar mineral spring (YMS) (13–16°C), Acısu mineral spring (ACMS) (20–22.5°C), Tekgöz thermal spring (TGS) (40–41°C), and Bayramhacı thermal-mineral spring (BTMS) (45–46.5°C) have different physical and chemical compositions. The waters are located within the Erciyes basin in the Central Anatolian Crystalline complex consisting of three main rock units. Metamorphic/crystalline rocks occur as the basement, sedimentary rocks of Upper Cretaceous-Quaternary age form the cover, and volcanosedimentary rocks Miocene-Quaternary in age represent the extrusive products of magmatism acting in that period. All these units are covered unconformably by terrace and alluvial deposits, and travertine occurrences have variable permeability. Dokuzpinar cold spring, YMS and ACMS localized mainly along the faults within the region have higher Na⁺ and Cl⁻ contents whereas TGS and BTMS have higher amounts of Ca²⁺ and HCO ₃ ⁻ . The high concentrations of Ca²⁺ and HCO ₃ ⁻ are mainly related to the high CO₂ contents resulting from interactions with carbonate rocks. Whereas the high Na⁺ content is derived from the alkaline rocks, such as syenite, tuff and basalts, the Cl⁻ is generally connected to the dissolution of the evaporitic sequences. These waters are of meteoric-type. BTMS deviates from meteoric water line. The content is related to the increases in the δ¹⁸O compositions due to mineral–water interaction (re-equilibrium) process. CO₂-dominated YMS and ACMS with low temperatures have higher mineralizations. Yeşilhisar mineral spring, ACMS, TGS and BTMS are oversaturated in terms of calcite, aragonite, dolomite, goethite and hematite, and undersaturated with respect to gypsum, halite and anhydrite. Yeşilhisar mineral spring, ACMS and BTMS are also characterized by recent travertine precipitation. Dokuzpınar cold spring is undersaturated in terms of the above minerals. The higher ratios of Ca/Mg and Cl/HCO₃, and lower ratios of SO₄/Cl in BTMS than TGS suggest that TGS has shallow circulation compared to BTMS, and/or has much more heat-loss enroute the surface. The sequence of hydrogeochemical and isotopic compositions of the waters is in an order of DPS>YMS>ACMS>TGS>BTMS and this suggests a transition period from a shallow circulation to a deep circulation path.  相似文献   

Formation and mineral chemistry of a calcic skarn from Al-Madhiq, SW Saudi Arabia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Zulfiqar Ahmed  Mustafa M. Hariri 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2006,66(3):187-201

A newly identified skarn occurrence is described from the Neoproterozoic rocks of the SW Arabian shield. It is exposed to the SE, E and NE of the Al-Madhiq town. The skarn attributes correspond to those typical of the calcic skarns that host W-deposits. It is characterized as an exoskarn of the proximal type, related to a granitoid contact close to an impure quartzite bed within the regional metamorphic rocks of mixed sedimentary and volcanic derivation. The skarn is localized along a shear zone parallel to the regional faults and other major shear zones. Samples from the studied area contain characteristic skarn minerals that include both the prograde (brownish red grossular, ferrosalite, aluminian titanite-grothite, albite-oligoclase, scapolite), and retrograde (epidote, quartz, hornblende, calcite) assemblages. The pyroxenes are ferrosalites, Mn-bearing, and more like those from “oxidized” skarns; although garnets indicate it to be a “reduced” type skarn. Epidote mimicks that from typical skarns, as it bears a pistacite content of 15.9–20.7%. Grossular composition reflects a largely reduced genetic environment; as it is in solid solution with 6.5–21.6% andradite, 0–0.15% uvarovite, 0–0.47% pyrope, 4.33–18.75% almandine, and 0.4–8.58% spessartine molecules. Titanite composition varies from aluminian titanite to grothite, that may be analogous to the newly described Al-rich titanite from the low-pressure calc-silicate rocks.  相似文献   

A New Approach to Optimize Ultimate Geometry of Open Pit Mines with Variable Overall Slope Angles     

Altuntov  Firdevs Kübra  Erkayaoğlu  Mustafa 《Natural Resources Research》2021,30(6):4047-4062

Natural Resources Research - The optimization method for determining open pit limit is important, as it is crucial to achieve the most profitable outcome from the limited amount of reserves...  相似文献