基于疏散行为的震灾避难场所服务效率评价     

季珏  高晓路  徐匆匆  许士翔  汤飞 《地理科学进展》2017,36(8):965-973

科学评估避难场所的服务效率是提高城市应急水平的前提。传统对避难场所服务效率的评估多偏重于避难场所空间布局的合理性,缺少对避难者的空间布局和避难行为等避难需求的考虑,这会使评估结果造成偏差,从而容易引起资源配置的低效率。本文构建了多主体模拟模型,模拟避难者灾后对避难场所的选择、奔跑、安置等关键疏散行为过程,量化评估该地区避难场所服务效率。本文对比了两种量化评估指标在同一案例评估的差异性,一种是传统方法中空间可达性(服务半径覆盖率),一种是利用疏散行为模拟计算出的避难成功率;北京市海淀区的实证研究显示两项指标在同一案例区有巨大差异。这一分析结果显示,传统评估仅利用服务半径覆盖率这一指标来分析避难场所布局现状及规划的合理性存在不足。通过避难疏散行为的模拟发现,以下指标的使用有望辅助提高评估的真实性：①避难场所的利用效率。由于设施的利用效率不均衡,会导致避难场所超容或闲置的情况。在充分考虑避难场所的有效服务面积和服务人口的基础上,设计“人均避难面积”等反应利用效率的指标就显得十分必要。②避难标识系统的连通性。避难模拟的实验显示避难标识系统可能对避难者逃生疏散具有分流和引导作用,据此,避难场所与周边居民区的标识系统的连通性也是评价其服务效率的关键指标。  相似文献   

机载投弃式温盐深浮标中的三项关键技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

井彦明  谭世祥 《海洋技术学报》2001,20(4):48-53

机载投弃式温盐深浮标，是机载投弃式温盐深浮标技术系统中的核心部分，本文在对整个技术系统做一般简要介绍基础上，重点介绍了机载投弃式温盐深浮标中三项关键技术和一项关键工艺的研究结果。  相似文献   

Differences in the Tectonic Evolution of Basins in the Central‐Southern South China Sea and their Hydrocarbon Accumulation Conditions     

TANG Wu  ZHAO Zhigang  SONG Shuang  WANG Yibo  XIE Xiaojun  LIU Shixiang 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(1):30-40

To reveal the causes of differences in the hydrocarbon accumulation in continental marginal basins in the centralsouthern South China Sea,we used gravity-magnetic,seismic,drilling,and outcrop data to investigate the tectonic histories of the basins and explore how these tectonic events controlled the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in these basins.During the subduction of the Cenozoic proto-South China Sea and the expansion of the new South China Sea,the continental margin basins in the central-southern South China Sea could be classified as one of three types of epicontinental basins:southern extensional-foreland basins,western extensional-strike slip basins,and central extensional-drift basins.Because these basins have different tectonic and sedimentary histories,they also differ in their accumulated hydrocarbon resources.During the Cenozoic,the basin groups in the southern South China Sea generally progressed through three stages:faulting and subsidence from the late Eocene to the early Miocene,inversion and uplift in the middle Miocene,and subsidence since the late Miocene.Hydrocarbon source rocks with marine-continental transitional facies dominated byⅡ-Ⅲkerogen largely developed in extremely thick Miocene sedimentary series with the filling characteristics being mainly deep-water deposits in the early stage and shallow water deposits in the late stage.With well-developed sandstone and carbonate reservoirs,this stratum has a strong hydrocarbon generation potential.During the Cenozoic,the basin groups in the western South China Sea also progressed through the three developmental stages discussed previously.Hydrocarbon source rocks with lacustrine facies,marine-continental transitional facies,and terrigenous marine facies dominated byⅡ2-Ⅲkerogen largely developed in the relatively thick stratum with the filling characteristics being mainly lacustrine deposits in the early stage and marine deposits in the late stage.As a reservoir comprised of self-generated and self-stored sandstone,this unit also has a high hydrocarbon generation potential.Throughout those same three developmental stages,the basin groups in the central South China Sea generated hydrocarbon source rocks with terrigenous marine facies dominated byⅢkerogen that have developed in a stratum with medium thicknesses with the filling characteristics being mainly sandstone in the early stage and carbonate in the late stage.This reservoir,which is dominated by lower-generation and upper-storage carbonate rocks,also has a high hydrocarbon generation potential.  相似文献   

Variations on Petroleum Geology among Major Basins and Their Formative Mechanisms, Central and Southern South China Sea     

TANG Wu  ZHAO Zhigang  XIE Xiaojun  LIU Shixiang  SONG Shuang  WANG Long  WANG Yibo  GUO Jia 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(Z2):103-104

  相似文献   

Variations on Petroleum Geology among Major Basins and Their Formative Mechanisms,Central and Southern South China Sea     

Wu TANG  Zhigang ZHAO  Xiaojun XIE  Shixiang LIU  Shuang SONG  Long WANG  Yibo WANG  Jia GUO 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(Z2):103-104

The South China Sea (SCS), one of the largest marginal seas in West Pacific, has experienced two marginal sea tectonic cycles, the pro‐SCS and Neo‐SCS, forming a tectonic trend of “compression in the south, extension in the north, subduction in the east and strike in the west”, with various kinds of sedimentary basins developed. The Central and Southern South China Sea (CSSCS) mainly has Zengmu, Brunei‐Sabah, Wanan, Zhongjiannan, Nanwei, Beikang, Reed, Palawan and Nansha Trough basins (Fig. 1). Since the exploration in the early 20th century, hundreds of oil and gas fields have been discovered in the CSSCS, making it one of giant oil and gas provinces in the world. However, the oil and gas potential of the CSSCS varied a lot, even among adjacent basins. Oil and gas resources in the southern Zengmu and Brunei‐Sabah basins are huge in scale, with recoverable reserves of nearly 5.3 billion tons of oil equivalent, which is ten times of that the Wanan basin in the west. The oil and gas discoveries in the Beikang basin on the Nansha block are only one three‐hundredth of Zengmu basin. No commercial discoveries have been made in the Reed and Nanwei basins. Although several studies have focused on the petroleum geology of separate basins, no systematical comparison has been made among various basins to reveal their differences and gain an overall perspective, largely due to limited datasets. The present study aims to investigate these aspects, using 90,000‐km 2D seismic profiles, 34 well logs, three cores, 36 outcrops, as well as paleontology, gravity and magnetic data.  相似文献   

海洋微生物发酵生产廿二碳六烯酸(综述)     

张羽航  黄惠琴  鲍时翔  林炜铁  姚汝华 《海洋通报》1999,18(1):88-92

廿二碳六烯酸（ＤＨＡ）对人体健康有重要影响。目前ＤＨＡ主要分离纯化自海洋鱼油,但存在诸多不利因素。研究表明海洋微生物具有大规模工业化生产ＤＨＡ的潜力。本文综述了近年来在ＤＨＡ生产菌种选育和发酵条件调控等方面取得的进展。  相似文献   

西北汛期干旱预测系统界面设计     

王遂缠  张存杰  刘世祥 《干旱气象》2000,(2)

西北汛期干旱预测系统是在WINDOWS98环境下开发 ,主界面是用VisualBasic6 .0和少量C ++代码写成 ,内部计算程序由FortranPowerStion4 .0写成。系统界面美观 ,友好 ,具有良好的实用性和先进性。  相似文献   

基于SHALSTAB模型与面向对象遥感影像分析的地震滑坡信息快速检测     

王晓波  鲁恒  刘雪梅  杨正丽  项霞  蔡诗响 《地震研究》2019,42(2):273-279,I0003

滑坡是最为常见的地震次生灾害之一,对其进行有效监测一直都是业界研究的热点。基于此,提出了一种高分遥感影像地震滑坡信息快速检测方法,该方法将SHALSTAB模型与面向对象影像分析相结合,首先对遥感影像进行多尺度分割,并根据稳定性模型赋权,然后根据深度学习机制对滑坡对象进行检测,最后对检测结果进行过滤,并将该方法应用于2013年芦山地震滑坡检测,与目视解译结果进行对比。结果表明:该方法能快速检测高分遥感影像上滑坡,滑坡检测正确率达85%以上。  相似文献   

聚类分级和BP神经网络在自然崩落法矿岩可崩性分级中的应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈清运  蔡嗣经  明世祥  赵飞 《化工矿产地质》2004,26(2):112-116

以矿岩RQD、RMQ和RMR值为基础进行矿岩可崩性聚类综合分级,解决了同一地质测段分级结果的不一致性,明确了可崩性级别;利用样本中易测评判指标建立矿岩可崩性BP神经网络分析模型进行矿岩可崩性分级,解决了用钻孔资料进行矿岩可崩性分级精度不高的问题。程潮铁矿自然崩落法试验区段的矿岩可崩性分级表明矿岩可崩性属于极易一中等崩落,与生产实际相符,在生产中可应用该方法进行矿岩可崩性分级工作。  相似文献   

The gradual subduction-collision evolution model of Proto-South China Sea and its control on oil and gas     

Xiaojun Xie  Wu Tang  Gongcheng Zhang  Zhigang Zhao  Shuang Song  Shixiang Liu  Yibo Wang  Jia Guo 《海洋学报(英文版)》2023,42(3):123-137

This study involved outcrop, drilling, seismic, gravity, and magnetic data to systematically document the geological records of the subduction process of Proto-South China Sea (PSCS) and establish its evolution model. The results indicate that a series of arc-shaped ophiolite belts and calcalkaline magmatic rocks are developed in northern Borneo, both of which have the characteristics of gradually changing younger from west to east, and are direct signs of subduction and collision of PSCS. At the same time, the subduction of PSCS led to the formation of three accretion zones from the south to the north in Borneo, the Kuching belt, Sibu belt, and Miri belt. The sedimentary formation of northern Borneo is characterized by a three-layer structure, with the oceanic basement at the bottom, overlying the deep-sea flysch deposits of the Rajang–Crocker group, and the molasse sedimentary sequence that is dominated by river-delta and shallow marine facies at the top, recording the whole subduction–collision–orogeny process of PSCS. Further, seismic reflection and tomography also confirmed the subduction and collision of PSCS. Based on the geological records of the subduction and collision of PSCS, combined with the comprehensive analysis of segmented expansion and key tectonic events in the South China Sea, we establish the “gradual” subduction-collision evolution model of PSCS. During the late Eocene to middle Miocene, the Zengmu, Nansha, and Liyue–Palawan blocks were separated by West Baram Line and Balabac Fault, which collided with the Borneo block and Kagayan Ridge successively from the west to the east, forming several foreland basin systems, and PSCS subducted and closed from the west to the east. The subduction and extinction of PSCS controlled the oil and gas distribution pattern of southern South China Sea (SSCS) mainly in three aspects. First, the “gradual” closure process of PSCS led to the continuous development of many large deltas in SSCS. Second, the deltas formed during the subduction–collision of PSCS controlled the development of source rocks in the basins of SSCS. Macroscopically, the distribution and scale of deltas controlled the distribution and scale of source rocks, forming two types of source rocks, namely, coal measures and terrestrial marine facies. Microscopically, the difference of terrestrial higher plants carried by the delta controlled the proportion of macerals of source rocks. Third, the difference of source rocks mainly controlled the distribution pattern of oil and gas in SSCS. Meanwhile, the difference in the scale of source rocks mainly controlled the difference in the amount of oil and gas discoveries, resulting in a huge amount of oil and gas discoveries in the basin of SSCS. Meanwhile, the difference of macerals of source rocks mainly controlled the difference of oil and gas generation, forming the oil and gas distribution pattern of “nearshore oil and far-shore gas”.  相似文献