Efficacy of Fine-Grained Soil as Landfill Liner Material for Containment of Chrome Tannery Sludge     

Sudipta Ghosh  Somnath Mukherjee  Ashraf Z. Al-Hamdan  Krishna R. Reddy 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(2):493-500

This paper evaluates the potential use of a fine-grained soil obtained from a site in West Bengal, India, as a suitable landfill liner material for the containment of hexavalent chromium from tanning waste sludge. The physico-chemical properties of the soil were determined. The soil adsorption affinity for hexavalent chromium was also assessed through adsorption batch and breakthrough column tests. The zero point charge (pH_zpc) of the soil was found to be 7.3. The batch kinetics and column tests results indicated that the soil liner possesses a relatively good hexavalent chromium adsorption capacity at natural or slightly alkaline condition. The adsorption results showed that the hexavalent chromium uptake by the soil follows both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. This study also illustrated that the hexavalent chromium breakthrough curve in the column experiment reached equilibrium concentration after 3.5 pore volumes (900 h). Overall, this study showed that the fine-grained soil has the potential for usage as a landfill liner or as a component of a landfill barrier system to prevent chromium contamination from the tannery waste disposal.  相似文献   

Markov stochastic technique to determine galactic cosmic ray sources distribution     

Ashraf Farahat 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2010,31(2):81-88

A new numerical model of particle propagation in the Galaxy has been developed, which allows the study of cosmic-ray production and propagation in 2D. The model has been used to solve cosmic ray diffusive transport equation with a complete network of nuclear interactions using the time backward Markov stochastic process by tracing the particles’ trajectories starting from the Solar System back to their sources in the Galaxy. This paper describes a further development of the model to calculate the contribution of various galactic locations to the production of certain cosmic ray nuclei observed at the Solar System.  相似文献   

基于图像相减和随机森林的AST3巡天暂现源及变源搜寻方法     

黄天君  孙天瑞  胡镭  宁宗军  吴雪峰  王力帆  王晓峰  朱镇熹  UDDIN Ashraf Sye  ASHLEY Charles Brewster Michael 《天文学报》2019,60(5):98-114

AST3-2 (Antarctic Survey Telescopes)光学巡天望远镜位于南极大陆最高点冰穹A,其产生的大量观测数据对数据处理的效率提出了较高要求.同时南极通信不便,数据回传有诸多困难,有必要在南极本地实现自动处理AST3-2观测数据,进行变源和暂现源观测的数据处理,但是受到低功耗计算机的限制,数据的快速自动处理的实现存在诸多困难.将已有的图像相减方案同机器学习算法相结合,并利用AST3-2 2016年观测数据作为测试样本,发展一套的暂现源及变源的筛选方法成为可行的选择.该筛选方法使用图像相减法初步筛选出可能的变源,再用主成分分析法抽取候选源的特征,并选择随机森林作为机器学习分类器,在测试中对正样本的召回率达到了97%,验证了这种方法的可行性,并最终在2016年观测数据中探测出一批变星候选体.  相似文献   

Design of hydraulic structures considering different sheetpile configurations and flow through canal banks     

Ashraf A Ahmed 《Computers and Geotechnics》2011

This research investigated seepage under hydraulic structures considering flow through the banks of the canal. A computer model, utilizing the finite element method, was used. Different configurations of sheetpile driven under the floor of the structure were studied. Results showed that the transverse extension of sheetpile, driven at the middle of the floor, into the banks of the canal had very little effect on seepage losses, uplift force, and on the exit gradient at the downstream end of the floor. Likewise, confining the downstream floor with sheetpile from three sides was not found effective. When the downstream floor was confined with sheetpile from all sides, this has significantly reduced the exit gradient. Furthermore, all the different configurations of the sheetpile had insignificant effect on seepage losses. The most effective configuration of the sheetpile was the case when two rows of sheetpiles were driven at the middle and at the downstream end of the floor, with the latter sheetpile extended few meters into the banks of the canal. This case has significantly reduced the exit gradient and caused only slight increase in the uplift force when compared to other sheetpile configurations. The present study suggests that two-dimensional analysis of seepage problems underestimates the exit gradient and uplift force on hydraulic structures.  相似文献   

Ionic liquid as a medium to remove iron and other metal ions: a case study of the North Kelantan Aquifer,Malaysia   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Nur Hayati Hussin  Ismail Yusoff  Yatimah Alias  Sharifah Mohamad  Nurul Yani Rahim  Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(5):2105-2113

An alternative iron removal treatment method using liquid-liquid extraction with the room-temperature ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, as a solvent medium was studied. The chelating agent 1,10-phenanthroline was used as the extractant. The extraction of Fe(III) and Fe(II) was influenced significantly by the pH of the aqueous phase. The successful removal of iron was achieved; more than 95 % of the initial iron concentration was removed from the groundwater samples. However, detailed research is needed before the ionic liquid method can replace the conventional groundwater treatment protocol because the recovery rate was very low upon reuse (approximately 25–60 %). This low recovery was due to the ion exchange process; the appearance of anions from ionic liquids was also detected in groundwater samples.  相似文献   

Geochemical and isotopic evolution of groundwater in the Wadi Watir watershed,Sinai Peninsula,Egypt     

Mustafa A. Eissa  James M. Thomas  Ronald L. Hershey  Maher I. Dawoud  Greg Pohll  Kamal A. Dahab  Mohamed A. Gomaa  Ashraf R. Shabana 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(4):1855-1869

The Wadi Watir delta in the Wadi Watir watershed is a tourist area in the arid southeastern part of the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, where development and growth of the community on the delta are constrained by the amount of groundwater that can be withdrawn sustainably. To effectively manage groundwater resources in the Wadi Watir delta, the origin of groundwater recharge, groundwater age, and changes in groundwater chemistry in the watershed needs to be understood. Mineral identification, rock chemistry, water chemistry, and the isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon in groundwater were used to identify the sources, mixing, and ages of groundwater in the watershed and the chemical evolution of groundwater as it flows from the upland areas in the watershed to the developed areas at the Wadi Watir delta. Groundwater in the Wadi Watir watershed is primarily from recent recharge while groundwater salinity is controlled by mixing of chemically different waters and dissolution of minerals and salts in the aquifers. The El Shiekh Attia and Wadi El Ain areas in the upper Wadi Watir watershed have different recharge sources, either from recharge from other areas or from different storm events. The downgradient Main Channel area receives groundwater flow primarily from the El Shiekh Attia area. Groundwater in the Main Channel area is the primary source of groundwater supplying the aquifers of the Wadi Watir delta.  相似文献   

Distribution, classification, petrological and related gochemical (SRA) characteristics of a tropical lowland peat dome in the Kota Samarahan-Asajaya area, West Sarawak, Malaysia     

Mohamad Tarmizi Mohamad Zulkifley  Ng Tham Fatt  Wan Hasiah Abdullah  John Kuna Raj  S. Paramanathan Param  Roslan Hashim  Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2013,5(2):285-314

Petrographic studies indicate that lateral variations in the decomposition levels of peat are associated with the predominantly occurring peat macerals. Source Rock Analyzer (SRA) results indicate lateral variation in peat organic matter types from type II to III and back again to type II, occurring laterally within the top 0-m to 0.5-m layer at the basin margin to the midsection and further towards the near-center areas of the peat dome. This variation is most likely caused by a combination of factors: (a) Horizontal zonation and lateral variation of the dominant species of plant assemblages (b) Fibric (marginal) peats and hemic to sapric peats associated with type II organic matter (kerogen). Sample organic matter (coal-equivalent kerogen) typing indicates that the relative abundance of phytoclasts and palynomorphs generally supports the organic matter classification obtained by the SRA method. Lateral variations in the peat organic matter types may support the lateral vegetation variation concept. The classification of peat organic matter types (interpreted from visual analyses of palynological slides) occurring from the basin periphery to the mid-section and further towards the basin center yields organic matter of type II to type III and mixed types II to III (coal kerogen-equivalent), respectively.  相似文献   

¹³C/¹²C ratio double cyclicity in a Miocene browncoal: isotopic signals and orbital forcing     

Timothy P. Jones  Steven M. Fortier  Volker Mosbrugger  Jochen Roessler  Thorsen Utescher  & Abdul R. Ashraf 《地学学报》1997,9(1):19-23

A detailed stable carbon isotopic profile of a late Miocene browncoal seam from the Lower Rhine Embayment, Germany, reveals two clear separate cycles of different frequency: this is the first instance of this type of isotopic signature being recognized within coals. The ratio of the two frequencies suggests this isotopic signal possibly resulted from climatic or vegetational responses to orbital forcing. The cyclicity has been enhanced by the application of conventional filtering methods on the data set. An analysis of the seam's palynology indicates a correlation between heavier isotopic compositions and the presence of Sequoiapollenites polyformosus , whose parent plant is believed to have favoured moist climates and higher groundwater tables.  相似文献   

The dynamics of jovian white ovals from formation to merger     

Ashraf Youssef 《Icarus》2003,162(1):74-93

In early 1998 two of the three, long-lived anticyclonic, jovian white ovals merged. In 2000 the two remaining white ovals merged into one. Here we examine that behavior, as well as the dynamics of three earlier epochs: the Formation Epoch (1939-1941), during which a nearly axisymmetric band broke apart to form the vortices; the Kármán Vortex Street Epoch (1941-1994), during which the white ovals made up the southern half of two rows of vortices, and their locations oscillated in longitude such that the white ovals often closely approached each other but did not merge; and the Pre-merger Epoch (1994-1997), during which the three white ovals traveled together with intervening cyclones from the northern row of the Kármán vortex street in a closely spaced group with little longitudinal oscillation. We use a quasi-geostrophic model and large-scale numerical simulation to explain the dynamics. Our models and simulations are consistent with the observations, but none of the observed behavior is even qualitatively possible without assuming that there are long-lived, coherent cyclones longitudinally interspersed with the white ovals. Without them, the white ovals approach each other and merge on a fast, advective timescale (4 months). A necessary ingredient that allows the vortices to travel together in a small packet without spreading apart is that the strong, eastward-flowing jetstream south of the white ovals is coincident with a sharp gradient in background potential vorticity. The jet forms a Rossby wave and a trough of the wave traps the white ovals. In our simulations, the three white ovals were trapped before they merged. Without being trapped, the amount of energy needed to perturb two white ovals so that they merge exceeds the atmosphere’s turbulent energy (which corresponds to velocities of ∼1 m s⁻¹) by a factor of ∼100. The mergers of the white ovals BC and DE were not observed directly, so there is ambiguity in labeling the surviving vortices and identifying which vortices might have exchanged locations. The simulation and modeling make the identifications clear. They also predict the fate of the surviving white oval and of the other prominent jovian vortex chains.  相似文献   

Vegetation and Climate Reconstruction of the Planalto in Rio Grande do Sul, South Brazil (Late Glacial and Holocene)     

M.Herrmann  A.R.Ashraf  V.Mosbrugger  M.M.Toigo 《东北亚地学研究》2003,(2)

1IntroductionThe ecosystem of Araucaria-Forest is one of the most important plant-associations in South Brazil. Today,however,the spreading area is a fraction of its natural size,originally spread over 200 km. It spanned from 18°to 30°of southern lati-t…  相似文献