The assessment of environmental pollution caused by mining and metallurgy wastes from highly polluted post-industrial regions in Southern Poland     

Joanna Paldyna  Beata Krasnodebska-Ostrega  Karolina Kregielewska  Joanna Kowalska  Lukasz Jedynak  Jerzy Golimowski  Tomasz Grobelski  Jadwiga Farbiszewska-Kiczma  Teresa Farbiszewska 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,68(2):439-450

Stored metallurgy and mining wastes contain relatively high amounts of potentially toxic elements. To monitor the distribution of contaminants originating from dumps, the chemical and physical properties of the wastes must be characterised. In this study, the chemical properties of wastes deposited in two different locations in Southern Poland (Szklary and Zloty Stok) were evaluated. Heaps located in Zloty Stok contain wastes from gold mineralisation comprising arsenic while wastes in Szklary originate from a factory that produced an iron-nickel alloy. In Szklary the total concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, Tl, Ag, Cd and Pb were determined, while in Zloty Stok also As is an important contaminant. To assess the risk of contamination of the surrounding environment and to select the proper method for removing the contaminants, information on the distribution of elements between operationally defined phases must be obtained. For this purpose, a six-step sequential extraction was used. The mobility of most elements in the wastes from Szklary and Zloty Stok was relatively low; however, the large amount of As, 40–180 mg L^?1, that could be released to environment in case of Zloty Stok was high. The results of fractionation studies indicated that Ag, Cd, Tl, Co, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn and Mn may be released into environment under low pH and low redox potential conditions, which can be induced by bacterial activity.  相似文献   

Copper Biosorption by Spent Coffee Ground: Equilibrium,Kinetics, and Mechanism     

Nancy Elizabeth Dávila‐Guzmán  Felipe de Jesús Cerino‐Córdova  Eduardo Soto‐Regalado  Jose Rene Rangel‐Mendez  Paola Elizabeth Díaz‐Flores  Maria Teresa Garza‐Gonzalez  José Angel Loredo‐Medrano 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(6):557-564

The potential use of spent coffee ground (SCG) for the removal of copper has been investigated as a low‐cost adsorbent for the biosorption of heavy metals. Adsorption batch experiments were conducted to determine isotherms and kinetics. The biosorption equilibrium data were found to fit well the Freundlich model and an experimental maximum biosorption capacity of copper ions 0.214 mmol/g was achieved. The biosorption kinetics of SCG was studied at different adsorbate concentrations (0.1–1.0 mM) and stirring speeds (100–400/min). The results showed an increase in the copper ion uptake with raising the initial metal concentration and the kinetic data followed the pseudo‐second order rate expression. The effect of stirring speed was a significant factor for the external mass transfer resistance at 100/min and coefficients were estimated by the Mathews and Weber model. Biosorption of copper ions onto SCG was observed to be related mainly with the release of calcium and hydrogen ions suggesting that biosorption performance by SCG can be attributed to ion‐exchange mechanism with calcium and hydrogen ions neutralizing the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the biomass.  相似文献   

Removal of Carbamazepine,Naproxen, and Trimethoprim from Water by Amberlite XAD‐7: A Kinetic Study     

Joaquín R. Domínguez‐Vargas  Teresa Gonzalez  Patricia Palo  Eduardo M. Cuerda‐Correa 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(11):1052-1061

The adsorption kinetics of carbamazepine, naproxen, and trimethoprim in aqueous solution by Amberlite? XAD‐7 has been studied. The influence of adsorbent dose (1–3 g/L), stirring rate (80–240 rpm), pH (2–9), temperature (20–60°C), and initial concentration (25–75 ppm) on the adsorption kinetics has been analyzed. The removal efficiency in the first 2 h reaches 85% for carbamazepine, 60% for naproxen, and 70% for trimethoprim. pH appears to be the most important factor conditioning the removal of these latter solutes, whereas carbamazepine adsorption seems to be independent of the pH of the adsorptive solution. Initial concentration and operation temperature moderately influence the adsorption process. Finally, stirring rate scarcely affects the process. The experimental data have been fitted to four kinetic models, namely pseudo‐first and pseudo‐second order, intra‐particle diffusion and Bangham's. The model providing the best fit is the pseudo‐second order one. Again, pH is the factor that affects the adsorption rate in a more remarkable manner although other parameters such as temperature and stirring rate also contribute to accelerate the removal of the solutes. Under the optimal operation conditions, Amberlite? XAD‐7 exhibits a promising ability for the removal of the pharmaceuticals under study.  相似文献   

Can a Simulated Flood Experience Improve Social Resilience to Disasters?     

Maria Teresa Carone  Loris Melchiorri  Francesco Romagnoli  Fausto Marincioni 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):604-615

The increase of extreme meteorological phenomena, along with continuous population growth, has led to a rising number of flooding disasters. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop better risk reduction strategies, among which is increased social resilience. Experiencing a disaster is recognized as a factor that positively influences overall community resilience, with particular effects on social resilience; it appears to be more influential than school education. It also has many negative effects, though. Previous studies underline that citizens do not distinguish between different types of experiences. Thus, we investigated whether a simulated experience of a flood can improve social resilience, without being hampered by negative repercussions. The study was executed in five municipalities in three Italian regions involved in the European project LIFE PRIMES, which planned simulation activities for each studied area. Data, collected through the administration of anonymous questionnaires before and after a flood drill, were processed by applying a multicriteria decision analysis tool (PROMETHEE). Results show that the drill significantly augmented perceived social resilience in the smaller studied communities but not in the larger ones, a fact that should be further investigated. Key Words: multicriteria decision analysis, simulated flood experience, social resilience to disasters.  相似文献   

Land change modelling: moving beyond projections     

Martin Paegelow  María Teresa Camacho Olmedo  Jean-François Mas  Thomas Houet  Robert Gilmore Pontius Jr. 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(9):1691-1695

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C/1995 O1 Hale–Bopp: Short and Long Distance activity from a Theoretical Model     

Capria  Maria Teresa  Coradini  Angioletta  De Sanctis  Maria Cristina 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2002,90(1-4):217-225

A theoretical model of the nucleus thermal evolutionand differentiation is used to simulatethe evolution along the orbit of the gasand dust emissions of comet Hale–Bopp. The model was already applied to this comet (Capria et al., 2000b): At that time only the results of the observations obtained shortly after the perihelion were available. Now much more data have been published and we present more refined and complete results about the production rates of gasand dust along the orbit and the internal stratigraphy. The results of our model on long distance activity and its explanation are also presented.  相似文献   

Effects of climate change on the distribution of indigenous species in oceanic islands (Azores)     

Maria Teresa Ferreira  Pedro Cardoso  Paulo A.V. Borges  Rosalina Gabriel  Eduardo Brito de Azevedo  Francisco Reis  Miguel B. Araújo  Rui Bento Elias 《Climatic change》2016,138(3-4):603-615

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Luminescence and tenebrescence of natural sodalites: a chemical and structural study     

Teresa Zahoransky  Henrik Friis  Michael A. W. Marks 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2016,43(7):459-480

Sodalite (Na₈Al₆Si₆O₂₄Cl₂) shows a wide range of colours and may exhibit a variety of optical properties including cathodoluminescence, photoluminescence and tenebrescence. These optical peculiarities are not yet fully understood but are of key interest for industry. We provide a detailed study on the photochromic properties of natural sodalite, and we show that S is crucially influencing luminescence of sodalites. A reduced intensity in cathodoluminescence was observed at high S contents for some samples, showing that S can act as cathodoluminescence quencher. Photoluminescent sodalites are generally enriched in S compared to non-photoluminescent samples, although few samples being very low in S still show photoluminescence. Additionally, S was found to enlarge the unit cell in natural sodalites which might have a crucial impact on their photochromic properties. The most efficient tenebrescent samples were found to be low in Fe, Mn and S. They showed the smallest unit-cell dimensions, and a strong link between the atomic structure and the formation of F-centres is proposed. Tenebrescence in natural sodalites appears to be enhanced (1) by S but saturated at too high S concentrations and (2) by a stoichiometry and structure close to the ideal sodalite composition. In contrast to the term self-quenching for luminescence, we propose a saturation of F-centres to explain tenebrescence at different S contents.  相似文献   

Geological risk assessment by a fracture measurement procedure in an urban area of Zacatecas,Mexico     

Muro-Ortega  Jesús Alejandro  de Jesús Escalona-Alcázar  Felipe  Bluhm-Gutiérrez  Jorge  Pineda-Martínez  Luis F.  Rodríguez-González  Baudelio  Valle-Rodríguez  Santiago  Reveles-Flores  Sayde María Teresa 《Natural Hazards》2022,110(3):1443-1467

Natural Hazards - Geological hazards represent medium- and long-term risks, when they affect urban infrastructure and residential areas as they become a source of danger for the population. In...  相似文献