Middle Miocene to Pleistocene magneto-biostratigraphy of ODP Sites 1150 and 1151, northwest Pacific: Sedimentation rate and updated regional geological timescale     

Isao Motoyama  Nobuaki Niitsuma  Toshiaki Maruyama  Hiroki Hayashi  Shin-ichi Kamikuri  Masamichi Shiono  Toshiya Kanamatsu  Kaori Aoki  Chikako Morishita  Kyoko Hagino  Hiroshi Nishi  Motoyoshi Oda 《Island Arc》2004,13(1):289-305

Abstract Shipboard and shore‐based investigation on siliceous and calcareous microfossil biostratigraphy, magneto‐stratigraphy and tephrostratigraphy identified numerous datum events from the sedimentary sequences of Sites 1150 and 1151 drilled on the forearc basin of northern Japan by the Ocean Drilling Program Leg 186. Some 83 datum events were selected to construct new age–depth models for the sites. Based on the reliable magneto‐stratigraphy from the Pleistocene to the Upper Miocene, which were correlated to the standard geomagnetic polarity timescale, and on excellent records of diatom and radiolarian biostratigraphy throughout the sequences, the shipboard age model was revised. Major revisions referred to stratigraphic position of the Miocene–Pliocene boundary that has been shifted more than 200 m downward in each sequence. The age–depth relations of the forearc sites represent drastic changes in the sedimentation rate—extremely high (40 cm/k.y. on average) in the Early Pliocene and low (less than 2 cm/k.y. on average) in the Middle Miocene—and several hiatuses exist throughout the sequence. The drastic changes can be related mostly to changes in diatom sedimentation and the tectonics of the Japanese Island Arc. Local ages for some foraminiferal, calcareous nannofossil and radiolarian bioevents are estimated from the age–depth models at each site. These newly calibrated bioevents and biozones as well as established diatom biostratigraphy are incorporated into the updated magneto‐biochronologic timescale, which will contribute to an improvement in biochronologic accuracy of Neogene sediments in northern Japan and adjacent areas.  相似文献   

Computer modelling of mantled porphyroclasts in Newtonian and non-Newtonian simple shear viscous flows     

Toshiaki Masuda  Naoya Mizuno 《Journal of Structural Geology》1996,18(12):1487-1491

In computer simulations based on creeping motion equations, the difference in stress sensitivity of strain rate between Newtonian rheology and non-Newtonian power-law rheology does not greatly influence the types of mantled porphyroclast developed in simple shear viscous flows. Porphyroclast type is determined by the radius of an initial spherical mantle. When a thin mantle lies within the separatrix, (δ₂-objects develop at small γ, then complex porphyroclasts appear with increasing γ. When the mantle is thicker and transected by the separatrix, φ-objects form at small γ and δ₂-objects appear with increasing γ during the same deformation. The transition from φ- to δ₂-objects is gradual, the transition strain being dependent on the initial radius of the mantle. Our simulations did not produce θ-, δ₁- or σ-objects.  相似文献   

Hydrogeological and ground-water resource analysis using a geotechnical database     

Katsuaki Koike  Toshiaki Minta  Shinya Ishizaka  Michito Ohmi 《Natural Resources Research》1996,5(1):23-32

An application of a geotechnical database system for primary evaluation of ground-water resources in a sedimentary basin is proposed. The database consists of 1200 borehole logs including geologic columns,in situ test results, ground-water level, water quality data, and resistivity logs. The Kumamoto plain, situated in southwest Japan, is chosen as a study area. The evaluation process consists of two steps: (1) modeling of shapes of water-bearing strata, and (2) modeling of distribution of physical quantity which has some relationship with the porosity of those strata. In step (1), the shapes of upper and/or lower surface of the pyroclastic flow deposits and the andesitic lava were determined, whereas the three-dimensional distribution model of resistivity was constructed from resistivity logging data obtained from 100 boreholes and using the proposed interpolation method in the step (2). An empirical equation between the porosity and the resistivity of the lava was also identified. The integration of two types of model and the empirical equation contributed to an estimate of the total volume of the ground-water under the study area.  相似文献   

Two timescales in beach erosion due to decrease in sediment sources with special reference to the formation and reduction of the delta of the Kurobe River flowing into the Japan sea     

Yoshito Tsuchiya  Teruo Shibano  Hiroshi Suyama  Toshiaki Yoshimura 《Natural Hazards》1988,1(1):45-65

Beach erosion has advanced in many countries of the world, especially in Japan, because of a decrease in sediment sources from rivers and a lack of longshore sediment transport from the adjacent coasts due to coastal structures. The former cause concerns the reduction of river deltas due to a decrease in sediment input from the river. Two timescales important in beach erosion, a longer timescale which concerns a change in the location of the river mouth, and a shorter one which is due to a decrease in longshore sediment transport, are discussed in the formation and reduction of the delta of the Kurobe River. Based on these timescales, beach erosion control is considered.  相似文献   

II-2 On the starting and quasi-steady characteristics of wells turbine under oscillating flow condition     

Masahiro Inoue  Kenji Kaneko  Toshiaki Setoguchi  Katsumi Shimamoto 《Ocean Engineering》1985,12(6):563

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Geothermobarometry and fluid inclusions of dioritic rocks in Bangladesh: Implications for emplacement depth and exhumation rate     

Ismail Hossain  Toshiaki Tsunogae  H.M. Rajesh   《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2009,34(6):731-739

Application of hornblende thermobarometry and fluid inclusion studies to the Palaeoproterozoic (1.7 Ga) basement rocks from Maddhapara, NW Bangladesh, provide information on the pressure and temperature (P–T) conditions of crystallization, the emplacement depth and composition of magmatic fluid. The basement rocks are predominantly diorite or quartz diorite with a mineral assemblage of plagioclase, hornblende, biotite, quartz, K-feldspar, titanite, and secondary epidote and chlorite. The calculated P–T conditions of the dioritic rocks are 680–725 °C and 4.9–6.4 kbar, which probably correspond to crystallization conditions. Fluid inclusion studies suggest that low- to medium-salinity (0–6.4 wt.% NaCl_eq) H₂O-rich fluids are trapped during the crystallization of quartz and plagioclase. The isochore range calculated for primary aqueous inclusions is consistent with the P–T condition obtained by geothermobarometry. The basement rocks likely crystallized at a depth of 17–22 km, with a minimum average exhumation rate of 12–15 m/Ma during Palaeoproterozoic to Lopingian time. Such slow exhumation indicates low relief continental shield surface during this period.  相似文献   

Petrology,geochemistry, and zircon U-Pb geochronology of the Zambezi Belt in Zimbabwe: Implications for terrane assembly in southern Africa     

Yusuke Kuribara  Toshiaki Tsunogae  Yusuke Takamura  Yukiyasu Tsutsumi 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(6):2021-2044

The Zambezi Belt in southern Africa has been regarded as a part of the 570-530 Ma Kuunga Orogen formed by a series of collision of Archean cratons and Proterozoic orogenic belts.Here,we report new petrological,geochemical,and zircon U-Pb geochronological data of various metamorphic rocks(felsic to mafic orthogneiss,pelitic schist,and felsic paragneiss) from the Zambezi Belt in northeastern Zimbabwe,and evaluate the timing and P-T conditions of the collisional event as well as protolith formation.Geochemical data of felsic orthogneiss indicate within-plate granite signature,whereas those of mafic orthogneiss suggest MORB,ocean-island,or within-plate affinities.Metamorphic P-Testimates for orthogneisses indicate significant P-T variation within the study area(700-780 C/6.7-7.2 kbar to 800-875 C/10-11 kbar) suggesting that the Zambezi Belt might correspond to a suture zone with several discrete crustal blocks.Zircon cores from felsic orthogneisses yielded two magmatic ages:2655±21 Ma and 813士5 Ma,which suggests Neoarchean and Early Neoproterozoic crustal growth related to within-plate magmatism.Detrital zircons from metasediments display various ages from Neoarchean to Neoproterozoic(ca.2700-750 Ma).The Neoarchean(ca.2700-2630 Ma) and Paleoproterozoic(ca.2200-1700 Ma) zircons could have been derived from the adjacent Kalahari Craton and the Magondi Belt in Zimbabwe,respectively.The Choma-Kalomo Block and the Lufilian Belt in Zambia might be proximal sources of the Meso-to Neoproterozoic(ca.1500-950 Ma) and early Neoproterozoic(ca.900-750 Ma) detrital zircons,respectively.Such detrital zircons from adjacent terranes possibly deposited during late Neoproterozoic(744-670 Ma),and subsequently underwent highgrade metamorphism at 557-555 Ma possibly related to the collision of the Congo and Kalahari Cratons during the latest Neoproterozoic to Cambrian.In contrast,670-627 Ma metamorphic ages obtained from metasediments are slightly older than previous reports,but consistent with~680-650 Ma metamorphic ages reported from different parts of the Kuunga Orogen,suggesting Cryogenian thermal events before the final collision.  相似文献   

基于夜间灯光数据的中国人口密度模拟   总被引：32，自引：3，他引：29  

卓莉  陈晋  史培军  辜智慧  范一大  一之瀬俊明 《地理学报》2005,60(2):266-276

人口密度网格化比人口密度行政单元化更接近人口的实际分布,而且是实现人口数据与其他社会经济统计数据、资源数据、环境数据复合,提高人口、资源、环境综合管理能力的重要途径之一。选用专门针对亚洲地区开发的DMSP/OLS非辐射定标夜间灯光平均强度遥感数据模拟了中国的人口密度：基于灯光强度信息模拟了灯光区内部的人口密度,基于人口-距离衰减规律和电场叠加理论模拟了灯光区外部的人口密度,是应用DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据模拟人口密度研究的拓展和深入,研究结果与其他研究基本一致,但所需数据量较少,更适合于大尺度人口密度的快速估算,为决策提供参考依据。结果表明,DMSP/OLS夜间灯光强度数据具有实现人口以及其他社会经济数据空间网格化的巨大潜力。  相似文献   

Microstructurally controlled monazite chronology of ultrahigh-temperature granulites from southern India: Implications for the timing of Gondwana assembly     

M. Santosh  Toshiaki  Tsunogae  Yukiyasu  Tsutsumi  Masayuki  Iwamura 《Island Arc》2009,18(2):248-265

Ultrahigh‐temperature (UHT) granulite facies rocks from the Achankovil Shear Zone area and the southern domain of the Madurai Granulite Block in South India contain monazite useful for in situ microprobe U–Pb dating. The UHT rocks examined consist of garnet + cordierite (retrograde) + quartz + mesoperthite + biotite + plagioclase + Fe‐Ti oxides ± orthopyroxene ± sillimanite and accessory zircon and monazite. Sillimanite occurs only as inclusions in garnet. Microstructural observations suggest garnet, orthopyroxene, spinel and mesoperthite are products of peak metamorphism. Post‐peak formation of cordierite ± orthopyroxene ± quartz and cordierite + spinel + Fe‐Ti oxides assemblages is also observed. Geothermobarometry on orthopyroxene and garnet‐orthopyroxene bearing assemblages suggest peak UHT conditions of T = 940–1040°C and P = 8.5–9.5 kbar. This was followed by a retrograde stage of 3.5–4.5 kbar and 720 ± 60°C, estimated from garnet‐cordierite assemblages. A small population of rounded, probably detrital, monazites in these rocks yield ages from Meso‐ to Neoproterozoic indicating a heterogeneous source. The youngest associated spot ages are 660–600 Ma suggesting protolith deposition up to ca 600 Ma. In contrast, the vast majority of monazites that crystallized during the latest metamorphic event show late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian ages. Probability‐density plots of monazite age data show a ‘peak’ between 533 and 565 Ma, but this peak need not reflect a particular thermal event. Collating ages from homogenous metamorphic monazites associated with minerals stable at peak P‐T conditions suggests peak metamorphism in these rocks occurred at 580–600 Ma. Together with a re‐evaluation of available data from adjacent granulite blocks in southern India, these data suggest the main metamorphic event coinciding with the suturing of India with the Gondwana amalgam probably occurred 580–600 Ma. The 500–550 Ma ages commonly reported in previous studies might represent post‐peak thermal events.  相似文献   

3-D MHD simulation of plasmoid formation during coalescence of two current loops     

Toshiaki Fushiki  Jun-Ichi Sakai 《Solar physics》1995,156(2):265-280

We consider two force-free current loops, as proposed by Gold and Hoyle (1960), as the initial current loops, to investigate two types of the magnetic reconnection process, the partial and complete reconnections during coalescence of these loops, by using a 3-D resistive MHD code. It is shown that two plasmoids can be produced on both sides of the coalescence area by both types of the magnetic reconnection process during coalescence of two current loops. It is also shown that strong fast magnetosonic waves can be induced in the partial reconnection case of two-current-loop collision. When two current loops collide locally at two points, four plasmoids can be produced and two of these plasmoids merge into one.  相似文献