Effects of high temperature thermal treatment on the physical properties of clay     

Qiang Sun  Weiqiang Zhang  Haitao Qian 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(7):610

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1995—2021年广东“龙舟水”期间灾情分析     

姜晓岑  胡娅敏  黄锋  莫伟强 《气象科技》2024,52(3):415-423

针对广东“龙舟水”灾情的灾前预估和灾后快速估计的需求,本文利用1995—2021年广东“龙舟水”期间降雨和暴雨洪涝灾害数据,计算“龙舟水”综合灾情指数,应用百分位法将其划分为轻、中、重3个等级;并对广东“龙舟水”的灾情特征、降雨与灾情的关系进行分析。结果表明：①1995—2021年广东“龙舟水”期间降雨强度、范围、强降雨频率及持续时间的峰值集中在2005—2010年,灾情强峰值出现在2005—2008年,峰值区间较一致;2008年灾情最重,2008年后综合灾情强度呈下降趋势,近10 a（2012—2021年）各灾情也呈下降趋势,以倒塌房屋数、受灾人口数、农作物受灾面积降幅最明显,直接经济损失降幅较小。②农作物受灾面积与各降雨指标的相关性最大,其次为受灾人口数和直接经济损失;综合灾情等级、直接经济损失主要受降雨强度、强降雨频率影响,受灾人口数、农作物受灾面积灾情主要受降雨强度、降雨范围影响,倒塌房屋数、死亡人数灾情主要受强降雨的频率影响。③建立的“龙舟水”平均总降雨量与灾情的拟合关系方程,能较好地估计 “龙舟水”综合灾情等级和灾情数据。  相似文献   

Thermal pulse induced by emplacement of Ramba leucogranites in southern Tibet     

Xu Chu  Ozan Akça  Fred Gaidies  Ivano Gennaro  Weiqiang Ji 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2023,41(1):121-141

The thermal histories of Himalayan leucogranites provide critical information for unravelling the post-collisional geodynamics of the Himalayas. The Ramba Dome is located at the intersection of the Tethyan Himalayan leucogranite belt with the Yadong–Gulu Rift and hosts several generations of granitic intrusions. Of these intrusions, the 8-Ma two-mica granites and garnet leucogranite dykes are the youngest of Himalayan leucogranites. In this study, we focus on the carbonaceous staurolite schist located ~1.3 km from the intrusion to constrain the thermal history of the aureole that marked the cessation of leucogranite magmatism. The schist contains euhedral garnet and staurolite porphyroblasts in a foliated matrix of muscovite + biotite + chlorite + plagioclase + quartz + graphite. The staurolite shows minor compositional variations from the inclusion-free core to the inclusion-rich rim. By contrast, the garnet features a distinctive bell-shaped Mn profile and increasing Mg# from the garnet core to rims. In a graphite-bearing equilibrium phase diagram for a modified bulk composition with garnet cores removed, the garnet rim composition suggests a peak temperature of ~550°C, consistent with an independent thermometer based on the Raman spectra of carbonaceous materials (RSCM; 548 ± 9°C). The P–T condition lies within the narrow low-variance field bracketed by the staurolite-in and chlorite-out boundaries, indicating minimal overstepping of staurolite nucleation and growth. On the other hand, the garnet core composition indicates 520°C at 2.5 kbar, about 40°C higher than the predicted garnet-in boundary (~480°C). This apparent temperature overstep corresponds to a small chemical affinity (<5 kJ/mol 12 O) for garnet nucleation, comparable to previous estimates. The sharp boundaries of the high-Ca sector zoning in the core indicate limited diffusion modification (~1.5 Ma if at the peak temperature). The short thermal pulse involves advective heat transfer by leucogranite emplacement, followed by rapid cooling toward the end of Himalayan magmatism and rapid exhumation likely facilitated by the Yadong–Gulu Rift.  相似文献