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31.
Seismic performance evaluation of single damped‐outrigger system incorporating buckling‐restrained braces 
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下载免费PDF全文 The outrigger system is an effective means of controlling the seismic response of core‐tube type tall buildings by mobilizing the axial stiffness of the perimeter columns. This study investigates the damped‐outrigger, incorporating the buckling‐restrained brace (BRB) as energy dissipation device (BRB‐outrigger system). The building's seismic responses are expected to be effectively reduced because of the high BRB elastic stiffness during minor earthquakes and through the stable energy dissipation mechanism of the BRB during large earthquakes. The seismic behavior of the BRB‐outrigger system was investigated by performing a spectral analysis considering the equivalent damping to incorporate the effects of BRB inelastic deformation. Nonlinear response history analyses were performed to verify the spectral analysis results. The analytical models with building heights of 64, 128, and 256 m were utilized to investigate the optimal outrigger elevation and the relationships between the outrigger truss flexural stiffness, BRB axial stiffness, and perimeter column axial stiffness to achieve the minimum roof drift and acceleration responses. The method of determining the BRB yield deformation and its effect on overall seismic performance were also investigated. The study concludes with a design recommendation for the single BRB‐outrigger system. 相似文献
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南北水系中华绒螯蟹形态差异分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为探讨南北水系中华绒螯蟹形态差异及物种有效性问题,采用形态学测量的方法,每只蟹选择56个测量点,测量南北水系蟹各60只的54个形态性状.主成分分析显示,南北样本可以分成两个相互独立的群体.t检验显示,54个所测量形态变量中有25个南北差异极其显著(P<0.01),5个差异显著(0.01相似文献
33.
Abstract A new method is introduced to produce a uniform stratified flow over a stationary obstacle in an open channel. The flow is achieved by discharging the flow from the channel through a sink. The details of the sink are unimportant. The flow speed is limited only by the sink capacity. Selective withdrawal at lower densimetric Froude numbers is effectively eliminated through the use of a contraction. The standing, free-surface, long wave arising from the initiation of the flow is also eliminated by the contraction. Experiments are conducted for flow over a sphere for a range of Reynolds numbers from O(102) to O(103) and a range of Richardson numbers from O(10?1) to O(10). Dye and neutrally buoyant droplets are used for quantitative analysis of the wake structure. The wake is also probed by a hot-film anemometer. The frequency of vortex shedding is obtained. Comparison with data from towed experiments is also presented. 相似文献
34.
A fully coupled formulation of a hydro‐thermo‐poro‐mechanical model for a three‐phase black oil reservoir model is presented. The model is based upon the approach proposed by one of the authors which fully couples geomechanical effects to multiphase flow. Their work is extended here to include non‐isothermal effects. The gas phase contribution to the energy equation has been neglected based on a set of assumptions. The coupled formulation given herein differs in several ways when compared to the earlier work and an attempt is made to link the flow based formulation and mixture theory. The Finite Element Method is employed for the numerical treatment and essential algorithmic implementation is discussed. Numerical examples are presented to provide further understanding of the current methodology. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
35.
Contribution of the MODIS instrument to observations of deep convective storms and stratospheric moisture detection in GOES and MSG imagery 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Past studies based on the NOAA/AVHRR and GOES I-M imager instruments have documented the link between certain storm top features referred to as the “cold-U/V” shape in the 10–12 μm IR band imagery and plumes of increased 3.7/3.9 μm band reflectivity. Later, similar features in the 3.7/3.9 μm band have been documented in the AVHRR/3 1.6 μm band imagery.The present work focuses on storm top observations utilizing the MODIS data. The MODIS instrument (available onboard NASA's EOS Terra and Aqua satellites) provides image data with significantly better geometrical resolution (in some of its bands) and broader range of spectral bands as compared to that from AVHRR/3 observations. One of the goals of this study is to evaluate the contribution of this new instrument to observations of convective storm tops. Besides the cloud top features linked to storm top microphysics and morphology, the paper also addresses the possibility of detection of lower stratospheric water vapor above cold convective storm tops. This issue is explored utilizing MODIS as well as GOES and MSG imagery.In addition, the paper discusses an alternative interpretation of the “cold-U/V” patterns at the top of intense storms by a mechanism of “plume masking” as suggested by some of the observations. 相似文献
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A statistical downscaling model, based on the outputs of general circulation models (GCMs) as predictors, was proposed to simulate the daily precipitations in the Shih‐Men reservoir catchment in Taiwan. The structure of the proposed downscaling model is composed of two parts: classification and regression. Predictors of classification and regression models were selected from the large‐scale weather variables in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NECP) reanalysis data based on statistical tests. Discriminant analysis and support vector regression (SVR) were applied to build the classification and regression models. The outputs of five atmosphere‐ocean GCMs, which are reported to have properly considered tropical cyclone information and East Asian Monsoon modelling, were used for projecting future precipitations. Data from four grids covering Taiwan were used for developing the downscaling model. The potential of the downscaling models in simulating local precipitations was evaluated, and downscaling results reveal that the proposed downscaling model can reproduce local daily precipitations from large‐scale weather variables. Projected local precipitations under two emission scenarios show that the precipitations in the study area tend to decrease. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
38.
Pao‐Chun Lin Keh‐Chyuan Tsai Kung‐Juin Wang Yi‐Jer Yu Chih‐Yu Wei An‐Chien Wu Ching‐Yi Tsai Chih‐Han Lin Jia‐Chian Chen Andreas H. Schellenberg Stephen A. Mahin Charles W. Roeder 《地震工程与结构动力学》2012,41(5):1001-1020
A series of hybrid and cyclic loading tests were conducted on a three‐story single‐bay full‐scale buckling‐restrained braced frame (BRBF) at the Taiwan National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering in 2010. Six buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) including two thin BRBs and four end‐slotted BRBs, all using welded end connection details, were installed in the frame specimen. The BRBF was designed to sustain a design basis earthquake in Los Angeles. In the first hybrid test, the maximum inter‐story drift reached nearly 0.030 rad in the second story and one of the thin BRBs in the first story locally bulged and fractured subsequently before the test ended. After replacing the BRBs in the first story with a new pair, a second hybrid test with the same but reversed direction ground motion was applied. The maximum inter‐story drifts reached more than 0.030 rad and some cracks were found on the gusset welds in the second story. The frame responses were satisfactorily predicted by both OpenSees and PISA3D analytical models. The cyclic loading test with triangular lateral force distribution was conducted right after the second hybrid test. The maximum inter‐story drift reached 0.032, 0.031, and 0.008 rad for the first to the third story, respectively. This paper then presents the findings on the local bulging failure of the steel casing by using cyclic test results of two thin BRB specimens. It is found that the steel casing bulging resistance can be computed from an equivalent beam model constructed from the steel core plate width and restraining concrete thickness. This paper concludes with the recommendations on the seismic design of thin BRB steel casings against local bulging failure. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
39.
急性温度应激对吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)幼鱼生化指标和肝脏HSP70 mRNA 表达的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用温度应激的方法,将尼罗罗非鱼在26℃下驯养3周后,直接放入16℃、21℃、26℃(对照)、31℃和35℃水环境中,在不同温度应激后(0—24h)对鱼体血液和肝脏生化指标及其肝脏HSP70mRNA表达量变化进行了研究。结果表明,各实验组(除对照组外)血清皮质醇水平显著上升(P<0.05)。16℃组血清葡萄糖水平在24h时显著高于其它各组(P<0.05)。血清总蛋白水平与谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、溶菌酶、碱性磷酸酶活力和肝脏HSP70mRNA表达量在0—24h内基本呈先上升后下降的变化。24h后,16℃组血清甘油三酯含量显著上升,而胆固醇含量显著下降(P<0.05)。16℃和35℃组肝脏丙二醛含量随着应激时间的延长而上升,超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活力均呈先上升后下降的变化。温度应激可显著改变罗非鱼的非特异性免疫力、抗氧化能力以及肝脏HSP70mRNA的表达水平。在实际养殖生产中,应密切关注温度的变化,降低温度胁迫对鱼体免疫机能的影响。 相似文献
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Christoph Mahrenholtz Pao‐Chun Lin An‐Chien Wu Keh‐Chyuan Tsai Shyh‐Jiann Hwang Ruei‐Yan Lin Muhammad Y. Bhayusukma 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(1):59-78
Damage to buildings observed in recent earthquakes suggests that many old reinforced concrete structures may be vulnerable to the effects of severe earthquakes. One suitable seismic retrofit solution is the installation of steel braces to increase the strength and ductility of a building. Steel bracings have some compelling advantages such as their comparatively low weight, their suitability for prefabrication, and the possibility of openings for utilities, access, and light. The braces are typically connected to steel frames that are fixed to the concrete structure using post‐installed concrete anchors along the perimeter. However, these framed steel braces are not without some disadvantages such as heavier steel usage and greater difficulties during the installation. Therefore, braces without steel frames appear to be an attractive alternative. In this study, braces were connected to gussets furnished with anchor brackets, which were fixed by means of a few post‐installed concrete anchors. The clear structural system and the increased utilization of the anchors allowed the anchorage to be designed precisely and economically. The use of buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) provides additional benefits in comparison with conventional braces. BRBs improve the energy dissipation efficiency and allow the limitation of the brace force to be taken up by the highly stressed anchorage. Cyclic loading tests were conducted to investigate the seismic performance of BRBs connected with post‐installed anchors used to retrofit reinforced concrete frames. The tests showed that the proposed design method is feasible and increases strength as well as ductility to an adequate seismic performance level. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献