Major advances in studies of the physical geography and living environment of China during the past 70 years and future prospects   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Chen  Fahu  Fu  Bojie  Xia  Jun  Wu  Duo  Wu  Shaohong  Zhang  Yili  Sun  Hang  Liu  Yu  Fang  Xiaomin  Qin  Boqiang  Li  Xin  Zhang  Tingjun  Liu  Baoyuan  Dong  Zhibao  Hou  Shugui  Tian  Lide  Xu  Baiqing  Dong  Guanghui  Zheng  Jingyun  Yang  Wei  Wang  Xin  Li  Zaijun  Wang  Fei  Hu  Zhenbo  Wang  Jie  Liu  Jianbao  Chen  Jianhui  Huang  Wei  Hou  Juzhi  Cai  Qiufang  Long  Hao  Jiang  Ming  Hu  Yaxian  Feng  Xiaoming  Mo  Xingguo  Yang  Xiaoyan  Zhang  Dongju  Wang  Xiuhong  Yin  Yunhe  Liu  Xiaochen 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,62(11):1665-1701

The natural environment provides material essentials for human survival and development. The characteristics,processes, regional differentiation and forcing mechanisms of the elements of the natural environment(e.g. geomorphology,climate, hydrology, soil, etc.) are the main objects of research in physical geography. China has a complex natural environment and huge regional differentiation and therefore it provides outstanding reserach opportunities in physical geography. This review summarizes the most important developments and the main contributions of research in the physical geography and human living environment in China during the past 70 years. The major topics addressed are the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the evolution of its cryosphere, the development of fluvial systems, the acidification of the vast arid region of the Asian interior, variations in the monsoon and westerly climate systems on multiple timescales, the development of lakes and wetlands, the watershed system model, soil erosion, past human-environment interactions, biogeography, and physical geographic zonality. After briefly introducing international research developments, we review the history of research in physical geography in China, focusing on the major achievements and major academic debates, and finally we summarize the status of current research and the future prospects. We propose that in the context of the national demand for the construction of an ecological civilization, we should make full use of the research findings of physical geography, and determine the patterns and mechanisms of natural environmental processes in order to continue to promote the continued contribution of physical geography to national development strategies, and to further contribute to the theory of physical geography from a global perspective.  相似文献   

厦门岛西北海域浮游植物生物量粒级结构及其环境影响因素          下载免费PDF全文

康建华  林毅力  黄舒虹  罗肇河  汪娜  王雨 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(12):54-62

文章利用2018年9—11月厦门岛西北海域的现场调查资料,在对海域水质污染状况和富营养化水平进行评价的基础上,分析并讨论浮游植物生物量粒级结构及其环境影响因素。研究结果表明:同安湾在11月处于富营养水平,属于中度或严重污染海域;九龙江口和西海域在9-11月均处于磷中等限制潜在性富营养或磷限制潜在性富营养水平,属于严重污染海域。同安湾和西海域浮游植物分粒级的生物量占比与九龙江口存在明显差异,前者由大到小依次为微型、小型、微微型,后者由大到小依次为小型、微型、微微型。小型浮游植物生物量与硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐、溶解无机氮、溶解无机磷以及活性硅酸盐呈显著正相关,与盐度呈显著负相关;微型浮游植物生物量与真光层深度、铵盐和溶解无机磷呈显著正相关;微微型浮游植物生物量与真光层深度、铵盐和溶解无机磷呈显著正相关,与pH值呈显著负相关。影响浮游植物群落粒级结构的最重要的海洋环境因子是盐度、真光层深度和溶解无机磷,尤其是溶解无机磷浓度,其值一旦升高,浮游植物极有可能从磷胁迫状态发展为赤潮。控制排污、实时监控、增强预警能力和改善生态环境是控制和预防营养盐污染以及赤潮暴发的有效手段。  相似文献   

基质类型和物种丰度对沉水植物模块化生长及根系发育的影响     

郭晶晶  蔡国俊  陈瑶琪  吴舟航  侯晓丽  葛依立  符辉 《湖泊科学》2023,35(5):1562-1572

沉水植物恢复是富营养化湖泊生态恢复的关键,基质类型和物种丰度对沉水植物生长和群落稳定具有重要作用,本研究旨在探索不同基质类型和物种丰度对沉水植物生长及根系发育的影响,为富营养化湖泊沉水植物恢复技术研究提供基质筛选和物种配置的技术参数。研究选取苦草(Vallisneria natans(Lour.) Hara)、微齿眼子菜(Potamogeton maackianus A.Bennett)、穗状狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum L.)、伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii(Planch.)H.St.John)4种沉水植物,根据物种丰度(1、2、3、4个物种)配置了11个物种组合,且选配了4种基质类型:无疏松层(a1、a2)和有疏松层(b1、b2),总计处理数为44(n=11×4)。测定了地上生物量、地下生物量、总生物量、株高、最大根长、总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、根平均直径、总根尖数、根分枝数、根交叉数、根冠比、根比表面积等14个生长及根系功能性状指标。结果表明:(1)随着沉水植物丰度的增加,地下生物量、总生物量、株高、最大根长、总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、总根...  相似文献   

Progress and prospects of applied research on physical geography and the living environment in China over the past 70 years (1949–2019)   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Chen  Fahu  Wu  Shaohong  Cui  Peng  Cai  Yunlong  Zhang  Yili  Yin  Yunhe  Liu  Guobin  Ouyang  Zhu  Ma  Wei  Yang  Linsheng  Wu  Duo  Lei  Jiaqiang  Zhang  Guoyou  Zou  Xueyong  Chen  Xiaoqing  Tan  Minghong  Wang  Xunming  Bao  Anming  Cheng  Weixin  Dang  Xiaohu  Wei  Binggan  Wang  Guoliang  Wang  Wuyi  Zhang  Xingquan  Liu  Xiaochen  Li  Shengyu 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(1):3-45

Physical geography is a basic research subject of natural sciences.Its research object is the natural environment which is closely related to human living and development,and China's natural environment is complex and diverse.According to national needs and regional development,physical geographers have achieved remarkable achievements in applied basis and applied research,which also has substantially contributed to the planning of national economic growth and social development,the protection of macro ecosystems and resources,and sustainable regional development.This study summarized the practice and application of physical geography in China over the past 70 years in the following fields:regional differences in natural environments and physical regionalization;land use and land cover changes;natural hazards and risk reduction;process and prevention of desertification;upgrading of medium-and low-yield fields in the Huang-Huai-Hai region;engineering construction in permafrost areas; geochemical element anomalies and the prevention and control of endemic diseases;positioning and observation of hysical geographical elements;and identification of geospatial differentiation and geographical detectors. Furthermore, we have proposed the future direction of applied research in the field of physical geography.  相似文献   

中国的环境脆弱形势和危急区域   总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15  

杨勤业  张镱锂 《地理研究》1992,11(4):1-10

源于人类影响的环境退化对人类生存及充分合理地利用自然条件和自然资源是极为不利的。以俄方提供的方法为基础,作者编制了1:1000万中国生态环境脆弱形势和危急区图。据此,本文叙述中国环境脆弱的现状,并综述编制生态脆弱形势和区域图的国际进展,对此项研究中的若干问题作了讨论。  相似文献   

基于知识图谱的近30年国际海岸带研究进展与热点分析     

刘小丁  唐力明  李伊黎  许敏端  康昕怡  孙端  李宇宸  肖红  赵耀龙  陈伟莲  吕凤涛 《测绘通报》2022,(12):153-159

随着城市化进程加快,海岸带区域环境问题日益突出,与其相关的研究成为学术界的焦点。本文首先基于Web of Science核心数据库,以国家、关键词等信息为研究对象,应用Citespace的知识图谱梳理了海岸带相关研究的脉络,并对其进行了量化与可视化分析。然后通过总结不同时期的研究热点和演化过程,完善海岸带相关的研究,为今后的研究方向与角度提供参考与借鉴。结果表明,随着对海岸带地位特殊性的认识,越来越多的学者投入到海岸带的研究中。分析认为,应用大数据、云计算技术的研究方式及针对大尺度的海平面上升的研究、中等尺度的海岸带的城市生态相关的研究、较小尺度的激光雷达测深等研究是未来主要的研究方向。  相似文献   

天津市蓟县地区钨成矿规律及资源潜力          下载免费PDF全文

王丽瑛  朵兴芳  屠立鹏  陈一笠  闻秀明 《地质找矿论丛》2013,28(3):371-377

蓟县地区是天津市重要的金属矿产成矿带,分布有钨、金、钼、铜、锰等矿产资源。其中,钨成矿与岩浆活动有着密切关系,成矿岩体主要为印支晚期中酸性岩体,矿床为石英脉型。通过研究典型矿床沿河钨矿,分析了该区钨成矿地质特征,研究了区域成矿规律;利用地质、矿产、物探、化探、遥感等综合信息,建立了区域预测模型;运用综合地质信息法圈定最小预测区2个,采用脉状矿床资源量估算法估算钨矿资源量约50 000t。蓟县地区钨矿仍有一定的找矿前景。  相似文献   

滇池盆地东缘白邑-横冲断裂南段的浅层地震勘探研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡毅力  温一波  段继平  太树刚  王刚  李建有  王朝进  杨江华 《震灾防御技术》2010,5(4):451-460

本文用浅层地震反射波法对可能穿越昆明新城区东部第四系覆盖区的白邑-横冲断裂南段进行了探测,结果表明:采用浅层地震反射波法探测隐伏断层是有效的,在滇池盆地东缘,白邑-横冲断裂南段东支在隐伏区存在,断面接近直立,视倾角约80°,具有高倾角张性正断性质,基岩垂直错距为10—13m,断裂规模由北向南减小;同时,没有发现西支次级断层存在迹象。据土层测龄结果,东支断裂最新活动时代为第四纪中更新世晚期。  相似文献   

Alpine wetlands in the Lhasa River Basin, China     

ZHANG Yili  WANG Chunlian  BAI Wanqi  WANG Zhaofeng  TU Yanli  YANGJAEN Dor Gka 《地理学报》2010,20(3):375-388

The Lhasa River Basin is one of the typical distribution regions of alpine wetlands on the Tibetan Plateau. It is very important to get a better understanding of the background and characteristics of alpine wetland for monitoring, protection and utilization. Wetland construction and distribution in the basin were analyzed based on multi-source data including field investigation data, CBERS remote sensing data and other thematic data provided by 3S technology. The results are (1) the total area of wetlands is 209,322.26 hm2, accounting for 6.37% of the total land area of the basin. The wetlands are mainly dominated by natural wetland, with artificial wetland occupying only 1.09% of the wetland area; marsh wetland is the principal part of natural wetland, dominated by Kobresia littledalei swampy meadow which is distributed in the river source area and upstream of Chali, Damshung and Medro Gongkar counties. The ratio and type of wetlands in different counties differ significantly, which are widely distributed in Chali and Damshung counties (accounting for 62% of the total wetland area). (2) The concentrated vertical distribution of wetlands is at an elevation of 3600–5100 m. The wetlands are widely distributed throughout the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley from river source to river mouth into the Yarlung Zangbo River. Marsh wetland is dominant in the source area and upstream of the river, with the mosaic distribution of lakes, Kobresia littledalei and Carex moorcroftii swampy meadow, shrubby swamp and river; as for the middle-down streams, the primary types are river wetland and flooded wetland. The distribution is in a mosaic pattern of river, Kobresia humilis and Carex moorcroftii swampy meadow, Phragmites australis and subordinate grass marsh, flooded wetland and artificial wetland.  相似文献   

1982-2009 年珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区植被指数变化   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

聂勇  刘林山  张镱锂  丁明军 《地理科学进展》2012,31(7):895-903

植被指数是指示植被变化的重要指标, 本研究基于1982-2009 年珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区(简称珠峰地区)植被指数(NDVI)时间序列数据、土地覆被和野外调查等数据, 采用时序变化趋势和空间分析法, 对珠穆朗玛峰地区植被的时空变化过程及保护区成效进行了定量分析。研究表明:①珠峰地区NDVI分布的总特征是南部和北部高, 中部低。②1982-2009 年珠峰地区NDVI年际变化趋势和空间异质性十分明显:1982-1997 年, 珠峰地区NDVI总体上呈显著上升趋势, 北部地区增幅较大;1998-2009 年, NDVI总体下降(56.96%的NDVI呈下降趋势), 其中, 珠峰地区中部和北部的NDVI下降最为明显, 而南部核心保护区森林和灌丛的NDVI则呈显著上升趋势, 且变化幅度较大。③长时间序列植被指数变化的过程和空间差异性推断:1998 年以来, 天然林保护等生态工程促使珠峰地区保护效果更加明显。  相似文献