皇甫川流域次洪水沙特征值变化特点          下载免费PDF全文

金双彦  朱世同  张志恒  梁霄  罗琳 《水文》2013,33(5):88-91

黄河流域径流量呈现锐减趋势,径流锐减突出表现在中游河口镇至龙门区间。以河龙区间皇甫川流域为典型支流,选择19542012年洪峰流量大于100m3/s的洪水共271场,分析了次洪水沙特征值的变化。得出如下结论:近些年洪水发生次数和年最大洪峰流量高值出现次数均有减少趋势;次洪洪量和次洪沙量基本呈现逐年代减少的趋势,沙量减少幅度远大于洪量的减幅;涨洪历时比较短,峰型普遍偏尖瘦;洪峰流量大的洪水的基流量占洪量的百分比明显低于洪峰流量小的洪水对应的比值。  相似文献   

Response of the distributary channel of the Huanghe River estuary to water and sediment discharge regulation in 2007     

Ma  Yanyan  Li  Guangxue  Ye  Siyuan  Zhang  Zhiheng  Zhao  Guangming  Li  Jingyang  Zhou  Chunyan  Ding  Wenjie  Yang  Xin 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2010,28(6):1362-1370

The water and sediment discharge regulation (WSDR) project, which has been performed since 2002 before flood season every year, is of great significance to the river management in China. Until 2007, six experiments have been fulfilled to evaluate the effect of the project on the natural environment. To fill the gap of investigations, a study on flood and suspended sediment transportation and channel changing along the distributary channel of the Huanghe (Yellow) River was conducted during the WSDR project period in 2007. The lower channel was scoured rapidly and the channel became unobstructed gradually several days after the flood peak water was discharged from the Xiaolangdi Reservoir. Within four days after the flood peak at 3 000 m³/s entered the distributary, the channel in the river mouth area was eroded quickly. Both the mean values of area and depth of the main channel were tripled, and the maximum flood carrying capacity increased to 5 500 m³/s or more. Then, the river channel was silted anew in a very short time after completion of the WSDR. Favored by the WSDR project, the river status in April 2008 became better than that of the year before. The adjustment ranges of main channel parameters were about 30%, 10%, and 10% at sections C2, Q4, and Q7, respectively. The process of rapid erosion-deposition was more active 15 km away in the channel from the river mouth due to the marine influence. It is reasonable for discharging sediment at concentration peak from Xiaolangdi Reservoir at the end of the flood peak. As a result, the sediment peak reached the river mouth about two days later than that of the water current. In addition, the WSDR project has improved the development of the estuarine wetland. Wetland vegetation planted along the river banks restrained the water flow as a strainer and improved the main channel stability. It is suggested to draw water at mean rate of 150 m³/s from the Huanghe River during flood periods, because at the rate the water in the wetland would be stored and replenished in balance. Moreover, we believe that cropland on the river shoal of the lower Huanghe River should be replaced by wetland. These activities should achieve the Huanghe River management strategy of “To concentrate flow to scour sediment, stabilize the main channel, and regulate water and sediment”.  相似文献   

利用双重索引快速构建道路网络连通拓扑     

撖志恒  芮小平  宋现锋  刘真余  王静 《地球信息科学学报》2013,(4):498-504

路网拓扑关系的生成是进行最优路径规划的基础。本文针对ISO GDF4.0模型对道路连通拓扑的定义,结合最优路径规划对道路网络连通拓扑的要求,提出一种使用R-tree空间索引和B-tree索引双重索引方式快速生成道路连通拓扑的算法。连通拓扑快速构建算法包括新道路生成和网络拓扑提取两部分,新道路生成过程中,首先,自上而下地打断道路形成直线段集并求交点,然后,自下而上地重构直线段集以生成新道路。在打断道路求交点过程中,对道路建立R-tree空间索引,显著提高了几何要素的查找速度。在网络拓扑提取过程中对序列化数据建立B-tree索引,使得其查找速度大大加快。通过对双重索引算法的时间复杂度分析与验证表明,本文提出的拓扑生成算法具有较高的执行效率。  相似文献   

山西娘子关泉水及污染成因再分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

梁永平  赵春红  唐春雷  申豪勇  王志恒  郭芳芳 《中国岩溶》2017,36(5):633-640

山西娘子关泉水是我国北方最大的岩溶泉水之一,也是世界著名大泉,上世纪80年代前多年平均天然流量12.6 m3/s。文章利用1∶5万娘子关泉域岩溶水文地质环境地质调查项目勘探调查成果,对以下2个问题开展再分析:（1）娘子关泉水的成因,勘探等资料表明绵河南岸五龙泉、苇泽关等泉组主要接收下部中、上寒武统含水岩组岩溶水的补给,而非前人研究来源于上部中奥陶至下奥陶含水岩组补给;（2）结合水文地质条件,采用同位素等方法分析,认为部分地区煤矿老窑水的出流是导致娘子关泉水近年来加速污染的主要原因。   相似文献   

山西太原西山汾河二库的泉域归属及其渗漏量计算   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郭芳芳  梁永平  王志恒  申豪勇  赵春红 《中国岩溶》2018,37(4):493-500

山西省汾河二库是建于汾河中上游的一座大型水库。由于水库处于晋祠兰村泉域交界地带的碳酸盐岩河段,水库蓄水并淹没了天然条件下出流的悬泉寺泉群,造成库区岩溶水文地质条件发生根本性改变,直接影响到泉域岩溶水的水资源评价、开发管理和以泉水复流为目标的生态修复的措施制定。本文针对汾河二库修建后的以下两个问题开展了讨论。第一,利用最新调查与勘探资料分析二库修建对岩溶水文地质条件的影响,并对二库库区的泉域归属问题进行了划定,认为悬泉寺泉水的出流受控于汾河河谷内向西倾斜的下奥陶统区域相对隔水层的阻水作用,汾河二库蓄水水位提高近40 m,天然条件下挟持于晋祠-兰村泉域间相对独立循环的悬泉寺泉域降落漏斗被“充满”,泉水消失,形成对岩溶地下水渗漏反补给,水库渗漏水量通过中奥陶统主要进入晋祠泉域,汾河二库以寺头-下槐间下奥陶统出露的地段为界,下槐泉以上划归晋祠泉域,下槐泉以下则划归兰村泉域;第二,利用二库上游寨上水文站、下游的上兰村水文站资料和二库蓄水水位系列资料,由均衡法建立了二库蓄水水位与渗漏量之间的非线性方程,并据此预测,当二库水位提高至905.7 m时的渗漏量为2.862 m3·s-1,而对兰村泉域岩溶水及山前西张水源地的补给量有限。   相似文献   

Review: Characterization,evolution, and environmental issues of karst water systems in Northern China     

Yongping Liang  Xubo Gao  Chunhong Zhao  Chunlei Tang  Haoyong Shen  Zhiheng Wang  Yanxin Wang 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(5):1371-1385

In Northern China, karst systems in widely distributed carbonate rocks are one of the most important water supplies for local inhabitants. Constrained by the specific geological and geomorphological conditions, most karst water in this region is discharged as individual or groups of springs. This paper summarizes the characteristics, chemistry, and environmental quality of these karst systems in Northern China. Five structural models of karst water systems were identified based on the relationships between the karst geological strata and karst groundwater flow fields. These specific structural models may closely relate to the attendant environmental geological issues and consistent risks from pollution. Over the past 40 years, the karst water systems in Northern China have suffered from various environmental problems, including deteriorating water quality, the drying up of springs, a continuous decline in the level of karst water, and so on. Based on the field investigation and previous data, a preliminary summary is provided of the environmental problems related to the development and evolutionary trends of karst water in this region. The results highlight the significant challenges associated with karst water, and it is essential that all segments of society be made aware of the situation in order to demand change. In addition, the study provides a scientific basis for the management, protection, and sustainable utilization of karst water resources.  相似文献   

陇南山区国家级地质灾害防治管理与监测预警示范区构想          下载免费PDF全文

郭富赟  桑文翠  黎志恒  孟兴民  谢正团 《甘肃地质》2015,24(1):70-76

甘肃陇南山区作为我国4大滑坡、崩塌、泥石流分布区,地质灾害集中发育,严重威胁人民生命财产安全且损失巨大,是我国地质灾害防治的重点区域。陇南山区地质灾害的多元性和复杂性为建设国家级监测预警和防治管理示范区提供了必要条件,但其功能如何定位、示范领域如何实现、作用如何发挥是示范区建设需要研究的关键问题。本文在研究国际、国内地质灾害防治管理和监测预警示范区建设进展的基础上,深入分析了陇南山区地质灾害的类型、分布发育特征及示范区建设的基础条件,提出了陇南山区国家级防治管理和监测预警示范区的建设思路、功能定位、建设内容等方面的建议。  相似文献   

地形地貌对半山区土地利用动态变化影响分析——以天津市蓟县为例     

国巧真  宁晓平  王志恒  蒋卫国 《国土资源遥感》2015,(1):153-159

以2001年和2011年2期TM图像为数据源,采用分类后比较法提取了10 a间天津市蓟县土地利用动态变化信息;利用空间分析算法生成地形起伏度和坡度2个地形因子,分析了不同地形特征上的土地利用类型分布及变化特征;从类型转换和动态度2个方面定量分析土地利用变化情况,并分析土地利用变化与地形起伏度和坡度的相关关系以及土地利用变化的影响因素。结果表明:地形地貌对土地利用的动态变化有显著的影响,在微缓起伏地形上,居民地增加最多,其次是水域,而林地减少最多;在低起伏和中起伏地形上,居民地增加最多;在山地起伏地形上,居民地有所增加;在高山起伏地形上,只有林地和未利用地有少量变化。该结果可以为天津市蓟县的生态保护以及半山区县土地利用规划提供科学依据。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地不整合油气藏特征   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

张守安  杨克明 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1996,16(3):91-100

塔时木盆地是我国最大内陆盆地，在地史上经历了多次构造运动的改造，形成了多期不整合面，这些不整合面对油气的运移和聚集作用十分显著，有众多与不整合有关的油气藏的形成和分布，显示了巨大的油气勘探前景。  相似文献   

A New Species of Cathayornis from the Lower Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China and Its Stratigraphic Significance   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

LI Jianjun  LI Zhiheng  ZHANG Yuguang  ZHOU Zhonghe  BAI Zhiqiang  ZHANG Lifu  BA Tuya 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(6):1115-1123

An incomplete postcranial avian skeleton is described from the Lower Cretaceous Jingchuan Formation of Otog Banner of western Inner Mongolia and referred to a new species of Cathayornis, C. chabuensis sp. nov. This is the first report of a Cathayornis from outside Liaoning Province. The new discovery indicates that Cathayornis coexisted with Otogornis genghisi, and a more detailed comparison between these two enantiornithine genera shows that Otogornis represents a more primitive genus than Cathayornis. Our analyses further indicate that Cathayornis is an arboreal bird. The discovery of a Cathayornis from this region also confirms that the avian fossil-bearing Jingchuan Formation is comparable to the Jiufotang Formation of the upper Jehol Group in western Liaoning, and should be referred to the middle-late Early Cretaceous.  相似文献