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182.
基于无人机影像和飞控数据的灾场重建方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
低空无人机以其机动、快速、经济等优势,在灾害应急事件中逐渐发挥作用,而灾场三维重建也因其突破了常规无人机遥感无法快速提供三维空间信息的局限,在灾害测量中的地位日益凸显。该文面向灾害测量需求,探索一种基于低空影像和无人机自身飞控数据的灾场三维重建方法。在系统规划与平台设计的基础上,选取某滑坡区进行试验。依据计算机视觉原理,通过特征提取、影像匹配、运动与结构重建等实现了相机位置及姿态的恢复,并通过地理注册最终完成了灾场影像三维重建。通过布设地面标识点并与其GPS RTK测量坐标比对,证实灾场重建模型的相对误差低于4‰。 相似文献
183.
Environmental damage, to a greater or lesser degree, is caused by coal mining. On the basis of analyzing the hydrogeological
conditions of the mining areas, this paper provides a sum-up of the characteristics of water disasters in North China-type
Coalfield. Researching into the Baimai Spring group, this paper explores the relation between karst water and groundwater
of coal-measure strata, using the methods of pumping test, dynamic observation, and tracer test. After working over the impact
of mine water-inrush on spring dynamics, this paper estimates the contributory level of karst water to mining drainage. This
paper holds that the mine water-inrush mainly results from karst water, with the fault structures acting as channels; the
keys of mine water-inrush are faulty density, intersection and endpoint fault. Finally, this paper suggests that mining below
Mine-9 be forbidden, and that below Mine-7 be properly mined, which provides the scientific basis for preserving springs and
preventing water disasters in the mining areas. 相似文献
184.
精细尺度的城镇人口空间分布是分析人类-资源-环境相互关系的重要指标。本文提出了一种融合地理空间大数据和高分辨率遥感数据估计精细尺度城镇人口分布的方法。通过对比各指标与人口相关性,选取R2>0.7的建筑面积、到道路距离、夜间灯光强度、商服中心、EAHSI指数、幼儿园、公园、小学、加油站、医院、公交车站、长途汽车站作为影响人口分布的变量因子。结合城市功能区数据确定人口分布区域,利用随机森林模型对宁波市2018年人口数据进行了500 m格网空间化,从而得出宁波市城镇人口空间分布图。最后,基于随机森林模型的变量因子重要性分析宁波市人口空间分布的影响因素。研究结果表明,本文所提出的城镇人口分布模型在街道尺度的估算精度为81.2%,平均相对误差MRE为0.29、RMSE为3279.89;网格级别的MRE为17.16,RMSE为1149.9,因此模型能精确地反演城镇内部街道人口分布信息。通过对变量因子重要性进行比较,发现建筑面积重要性约为0.22,对宁波市人口估算影响最大;到道路的距离、夜间灯光强度、商服中心、EAHSI（Elevation-Adjusted Human Settlement Index）、幼儿园、公园对宁波市人口估算具有重要作用。本文在格网级别进行的人口分布精度验证对于研究城市精细人口分布具有重大意义。 相似文献
185.
This paper presents an experimental investigation of coal rank and maceral composition influences on the coal mechanical behaviors. The complete stress–strain behavior, uniaxial compressive strength, Young's modulus, and acoustic compressional velocity were measured and correlated to coal ranks and microstructures. The test results show that coal is an elasto-brittle geo-material and its uniaxial compressive strength and Young's modulus increase as coal rank increases. This occurs because as vitrinite reflectance or coal rank increases, coal has less microporous structure and thus higher uniaxial compressive strength. Therefore, using vitrinite reflectance value instead of vitrinite content is advantageous for correlating coal strength. The experimental results also demonstrate that compressive strength and Young's modulus have positive exponential correlation, even for different types of coal. Therefore, the compressive strength of coal is highly related to its Young's modulus. The uniaxial compressive strength and acoustic compressional velocity of coal are also correlated, but a single correlation does not exist for different coal ranks; instead, different relationships occur for different types of coal. 相似文献
186.
Measurements of low-level concentrations of halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and estimates of groundwater age interpreted from 3H/3He and SF6 data have led to an improved understanding of groundwater flow, water sources, and transit times in a karstic, fractured, carbonate-rock aquifer at the Leetown Science Center (LSC), West Virginia. The sum of the concentrations of a set of 16 predominant halogenated VOCs (TDVOC) determined by gas chromatography with electron-capture detector (GC–ECD) exceeded that possible for air–water equilibrium in 34 of the 47 samples (median TDVOC of 24,800 pg kg−1), indicating that nearly all the water sampled in the vicinity of the LSC has been affected by addition of halogenated VOCs from non-atmospheric source(s). Leakage from a landfill that was closed and sealed nearly 20 a prior to sampling was recognized and traced to areas east of the LSC using low-level detection of tetrachloroethene (PCE), methyl chloride (MeCl), methyl chloroform (MC), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), and cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-1,2-DCE). Chloroform (CHLF) was the predominant VOC in water from domestic wells surrounding the LSC, and was elevated in groundwater in and near the Fish Health Laboratory at the LSC, where a leak of chlorinated water occurred prior to 2006. The low-level concentrations of halogenated VOCs did not exceed human or aquatic-life health criteria, and were useful in providing an awareness of the intrinsic susceptibility of the fractured karstic groundwater system at the LSC to non-atmospheric anthropogenic inputs. The 3H/3He groundwater ages of spring discharge from the carbonate rocks showed transient behavior, with ages averaging about 2 a in 2004 following a wet climatic period (2003–2004), and ages in the range of 4–7 a in periods of more average precipitation (2008–2009). The SF6 and CFC-12 data indicate older water (model ages of 10s of years or more) in the low-permeability shale of the Martinsburg Formation located to the west of the LSC. A two-a record of specific conductance, water temperature, and discharge recorded at 30-min intervals demonstrated an approximately 3-month lag in discharge at Gray Spring. The low groundwater ages of waters from the carbonate rocks support rapid advective transport of contaminants from the LSC vicinity, yet the nearly ubiquitous occurrence of low-level concentrations of halogenated VOCs at the LSC suggests the presence of long-term persistent sources, such as seepage from the closed and sealed landfill, infiltration of VOCs that may persist locally in the epikarst, exchange with low-permeability zones in fractured rock, and upward leakage of older water that may contain elevated concentrations of halogenated VOCs from earlier land use activities. 相似文献
187.
目前三维Douglas-Peucker(3D_DP)算法主要应用于单一类型的DEM综合。本文引入"弯曲调节指数"来改进3D_DP算法,提出了一种三维空间河网要素与DEM综合的新方法,即将河网线矢量提取成三维离散点数据集(增加高程属性),与DEM三维离散点数据集合并,在河网层次化选取基础上,利用改进的3D_DP算法对合并数据集进行综合操作。通过试验结果的对比和分析表明,该方法通过弯曲调节指数的调节使河流自身所具有的弯曲形态与地形的主要特征得以同时保留,试验效果良好,实现了三维空间河网要素与DEM数据在同一简化因子作用下的综合,提升了地图综合的质量。 相似文献
188.
Voronoi图及其生成是计算几何的重要内容。针对传统栅格加权Voronoi图的权重界定局限性,以及栅格数据下Voronoi图生成的计算效率问题,本文研究了基于雷利法则的生长元规模权重和栅格欧氏距离变换权重作为综合权重条件下,规避单图幅背景栅格与每一生长元之间的距离计算,根据生长元各自距离变换图幅构建栅格加权Voronoi图,即雷利Voronoi图（Reilly Voronoi diagram,RVD）的地图代数生成方法。经试验验证,该方法生成的Voronoi图不仅完善了传统的权重因素,而且避免了因背景栅格与生长元的距离运算、判断而产生的大量计算,证明了该方法的切实可行性。 相似文献
189.
源—汇系统分析已成为沉积学领域的研究热点,其中关键参数定量恢复是源—汇系统分析的重要内容。以柴北缘鱼卡地区中侏罗世发育的陆相盆地源—汇系统为例,通过支点法进行源—汇系统收支定量分析。首先识别干流河道沉积,测量或计算河道尺寸,进行粒度分析;然后计算瞬时满岸水流量及沉积物流量,结合古气候与流域分析,对年均沉积物量进行计算,得出在给定地层持续时间内输送的沉积物量;再对沉积区的沉积物量进行测量统计,并与计算出的沉积物量进行对比,分析源—汇系统收支状况。对柴北缘鱼卡地区中侏罗统石门沟组下部沉积的源—汇系统收支定量分析显示,目标研究层段河流沉积的干流满岸深度在3.1~3.3 m,河道宽度为69~77 m,流经了较缓的坡度（0.000 204 6~0.000 217 8）,流速一般为1.046~1.048 m/s,搬运了中—细砂为主的沉积物。该时期流域面积约为3 209.8~3 781.6 km2,流域长度介于177.8~196.2 km,满岸水流量为239.9~286.2 m3/s,满岸推移载荷流量为0.043~0.048 m3/s,满岸悬浮载荷流量范围为0.083~0.094 m3/s。基于现代类似河流的对比研究,计算出鱼卡地区干流年均沉积物搬运量介于158 862.4~179 242.3 m3,在层序S2所持续的2.2 Ma共向沉积区输入349.5~394.3 km3的沉积物,与沉积区所统计的沉积体积（322 km3）大致相符。河流沉积物输入体积的高值约为支点下游沉积区统计体积的1.22倍,如果这一分析结果准确,则表明存在一定程度的沉积物遗失现象,研究区局限发育的重力流沉积可能是沉积物遗失的主要方式。建立的收支模型可进一步推广应用于陆相河湖沉积组合的源—汇系统分析。 相似文献
190.
Kong Yanlong Pu Tao Wang Ke Shi Xiaoyi Ren Yaqian Zhang Weizun Pang Zhonghe Cuntz Matthias 《Hydrogeology Journal》2023,31(5):1259-1270
The altitude effect of isotopes in precipitation is not as significant on the leeward side of a mountain as it is on the windward side, which makes it difficult to use isotopes at leeward sites, especially if estimating elevation of groundwater recharge or reconstructing paleoelevations. Samples of precipitation were taken at three stations with different elevations—2,306–3,243 m above mean sea level (asl)—on the leeward side of the Meili Snow Mountains on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau from August 2017 to July 2018. The isotope vs. altitude gradients were calculated based on two adjacent stations at the daily, monthly, and annual scales. Most of the gradients are beyond the global ranges of –0.5 to –0.1‰ per 100 m for δ18O and –5 to –1‰ per 100 m for δ2H, and some of the gradients are even positive. Local processes of sub-cloud evaporation and mixing with recycled moisture are identified for the ambiguous altitude effect, while regional atmospheric circulation processes dominate the major patterns of stable isotope variation at the three stations. The groundwater recharge elevation is estimated to be in a very large range, 2,562–6,321 m asl, which could be caused by the differences in isotope vs. altitude gradient in the studied catchments. Considering the complex atmospheric processes affecting precipitation isotopes, sampling of event-based/monthly precipitation at more than two altitudes for at least one complete hydrological year is a minimum requirement to establish a reasonable isotope vs. altitude gradient.
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