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11.
应用FY-1D气象卫星监测雾(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
FY-1D is the second national operation meteorological satellite of China, and is much better compared to monitoring fog. However, research on monitoring fog using FY-1D is very few. In this paper, based on the typical FY-1D data, a fog＇s spectral characteristics in the different channels are analyzed using the histogram analysis method, and a method of monitoring fog using FY-1D is suggested. The results indicate that the 1st and 4th channels are the representative channels of FY-1D for the identification of fog. In the 1st channel, the fog is with uniform veins, smooth top, and clear-cut boundary, and its albedo is 20%-48%. In the 4th channel, the fog＇s brightness and temperature is 272-289K, and the difference value between the fog＇s and the ground surface＇s is not more than 6K. 相似文献
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Tropical Cyclone (TC) Dahlia occurred adjacent to over the equatorial southeastern Indian Ocean during the period 26 November – 3 December 2017 and was observed by the Bailong buoy, which provides in situ observations of high-frequency variations in the upper ocean environment. The diurnal sea surface temperature (dSST) variabilities during different stages of the passage of TC Dahlia are studied. The dSST variability is rather weak during the TC passing stage in contrast to the strong ranges before (0.35 °C) and after (0.57 °C) the TC. Before the influence of TC Dahlia, the dSST presented significant regular variability with a peak in the afternoon and minimum value in the morning, which is similar to the even larger range that occurred after TC Dahlia. During the passage of TC Dahlia, dSST decreased dramatically, and a uniform variation was presented due to the absence of strong heat fluxes and stirring and upwelling induced by strong winds. Further analysis through a one-dimensional mixed layer model (Price-Weller-Pinkel, PWP) indicated that the dominant elements responsible for the different dSST variations during distinct stages of TC Dahlia were shortwave radiation and surface wind, which strongly impacted the dSST evolution during TC Dahlia. The asymmetrical wind strength was responsible for the asymmetry of dSST variation. 相似文献
13.
通过开展武汉市空气质量预报研究,研讨武汉市空气质量状况。结果表明：2007-2008年武汉市空气质量优良的出现频率为77.6％,且未出现超过轻度污染的情况,其中夏季空气质量明显好于其他季节。经验证,采用逐步线性回归法建立的预报模型对武汉市空气质量具有一定的预报能力,级别预报准确率达78.1％。统计各级预报准确率发现,此方法较适用于空气质量为Ⅱ级的情况,提出在使用时应结合天气预报和前一日空气质量监测实况对预报结果进行修正。 相似文献
14.
In West Africa, accurate classification of land cover and land change remains a big challenge due to the patchy and heterogeneous nature of the landscape. Limited data availability, human resources and technical capacities, further exacerbate the challenge. The result is a region that is among the more understudied areas in the world, which in turn has resulted in a lack of appropriate information required for sustainable natural resources management. The objective of this paper is to explore open source software and easy-to-implement approaches to mapping and estimation of land change that are transferrable to local institutions to increase capacity in the region, and to provide updated information on the regional land surface dynamics. To achieve these objectives, stable land cover and land change between 2001 and 2013 in the Kara River Basin in Togo and Benin were mapped by direct multitemporal classification of Landsat data by parameterization and evaluation of two machine-learning algorithms. Areas of land cover and change were estimated by application of an unbiased estimator to sample data following international guidelines. A prerequisite for all tools and methods was implementation in an open source environment, and adherence to international guidelines for reporting land surface activities. Findings include a recommendation of the Random Forests algorithm as implemented in Orfeo Toolbox, and a stratified estimation protocol − all executed in the QGIS graphical use interface. It was found that despite an estimated reforestation of 10,0727 ± 3480 ha (95% confidence interval), the combined rate of forest and savannah loss amounted to 56,271 ± 9405 ha (representing a 16% loss of the forestlands present in 2001), resulting in a rather sharp net loss of forestlands in the study area. These dynamics had not been estimated prior to this study, and the results will provide useful information for decision making pertaining to natural resources management, land management planning, and the implementation of the United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (UN-REDD). 相似文献
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16.
武汉区域百年地表气温变化趋势研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
考虑气温序列的非均一性,并对缺测数据进行合理插补,建立武汉区域1905~2005年、季3项气温序列。序列结果表明,100a来年均气温、年均最低气温均呈上升趋势,增温速率分别为0.014℃/10a和0.026℃/10a;年平均最高气温变化呈现微弱的下降趋势,变化速率为-0.003℃/10a,表明百年来武汉区域夜间增温趋势比较明显,白天气温变化不大;年平均最高气温与最低气温的变化具有不对称性。年平均气温、年平均最高气温存在两个暖期,时段为1920~1940年、1990~2005年,第一个暖期主要是夏、秋季气温偏高,冬、春季不明显,热在白天;第二个暖期则四季气温均偏高,冬、春季最明显,夏季较弱,暖在夜间。 相似文献
17.
Westerly Wind Events (WWEs) over the tropical Pacific are characterized by their spatiotemporal diversity and classified into six types based on their different locations and durations. Various types of WWEs exhibit quite different characteristics in terms of their amplitudes. The long events with a 10–30-day duration are stronger than the short events with a 6–10-day duration, and the maximum amplitudes of the Central-Pacific (C) type and Eastern-Pacific (E) type of long events are larger than the Western-Pacific (W) type of long ones. The evolutions of these six types of WWEs are also quite different. The W-type short and long events and the C-type long events show a distinct eastward propagation, whereas the C-type short events and the E-type short and long events have no apparent propagation direction. We demonstrate that such a difference in the eastward propagation of WWEs can be significantly associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). The W-type events are more influenced heavily by the MJO, as indicated by their more distinct eastward propagation patterns, than the two other types of WWEs. In addition to the MJO, the convectively coupled Kelvin waves are also associated with the WWEs, especially for the short events. 相似文献
18.
基于Logit 模型的世界主要作物播种面积变化模拟 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
农作物播种面积动态变化因其重要性已经引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。从“人-地 关系”中人的角度出发, 利用多元Logit 模型初步建立了全球尺度的农作物播种面积变化模 拟系统, 分析研究了未来30 年内世界主要农作物播种面积变化的数量特征和空间格局。模型建立思路是: 作物播种面积变化是农户作物选择行为的直接结果, 而选择何种作物进行播种是由作物效用决定的。因此, 利用离散选择理论, 选择影响作物效用大小的主要解释变量建立效用函数, 动态模拟农户作物选择行为, 并得到这种选择行为所带来的农作物播种面积变 化的时空特征。模型建立后, 利用联合国粮农组织(FAO) 2001-2003 年统计数据和2001 年MODIS 全球土地覆盖数据产品对模型结果进行验证, 结果表明模型运行可靠, 和实际状况吻合较好, 可以应用于未来情景模拟分析。其后, 以5 年为步长, 模型对世界四大作物(水稻、玉米、小麦和大豆) 在2005-2035 年间的播种面积动态变化进行了模拟, 从全球作物总播种面 积变化差异、四大作物播种面积变化的区域差异和不同区域内四大作物播种面积变化差异等方面进行了分析研究, 结果表明: 不同作物播种面积变化的数量特征和空间格局是不相同的。 虽然目前模型还存在一些不确定性, 但仍然能够在一定程度上为理解现在和未来农业土地利用的复杂动态变化提供帮助, 模拟结果可为有关部门提供决策支持和信息服务。 相似文献
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水文模型在计算中小流域致汛临界面雨量中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在设定致灾标准的前提下,运用水文模型模拟降水和流量关系,反推不同基础水位达到致灾标准所需要的雨量,探讨中小流域临界面雨量计算的新方法、新思路。以湖北省荆门漳河流域为例,选取控制流域3/4面积的漳河水库为控制站点,利用新安江水文模型,通过1956—2012年36场洪水的模拟率定水文模型的参数,在此基础上结合漳河水库防洪能力,利用水文模型反推计算漳河水库不同基准水位、不同雨量分布条件下的致汛临界面雨量(到达汛限水位所需的面雨量)。结果表明:利用水文模型反推计算中小流域临界面雨量,能直观给出漳河水库不同基准水位、不同降水分布条件下的洪水入库过程曲线、水位变化过程曲线以及流域致汛临界面雨量,意义明确,技术方法可行,能有效丰富中小流域临界面雨量的计算方法。 相似文献
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基于通过均一性检验的历史观测资料和GPCC格点降水数据,采用逐步回归方法,构建了可以代表浙江省的1901—2017年年降水序列,并通过Morlet小波分析、MK检验、气候趋势等分析了浙江百年降水变化特征。结果表明：浙江68个台站1951—2017年月降水序列数据质量较好,均通过RHtest均一性检验。交叉检验表明,采用逐步回归方法区别台站资料长度建立的最优拟合方程组,能很好地反演浙江68个台站1901—2013年年降水情况。1901—2017年浙江省年降水量无明显线性变化趋势,但存在56 a和35 a两个变化主周期,在1960年前后全省降水由多雨期向少雨期突变。1901—2017年浙江降水气候倾向率呈东北高西南低的分布特征,各地数值分布在-15.6~19.1 mm/10a之间;平均相对变率呈北低南高的分布特征,各地数值分布在11.1%~20.2%之间。 相似文献